v前言:
最近正在学习Hibernate通过注解(annotation)来管理映射关系,以前都是通过XML映射文件。下面拿个小例子说一下。
v数据库物理模型:
v数据库的描述:
一篇博客随笔可以分到不同的类中,一个类中又可以包含许多不同的博客随笔。就如同博客园的设计。也就是上图中 博客-组 和 博客-消息是多对多的映射。
vHibernate关联映射方式:
双向N-N关联, 两端都要使用Set集合属性,两端都增加对集合属性的访问。双向N-N关联没有太多的选择,只能采用连接表来建立两个实体之间的关联关系。
v生成sql语句:
drop table if exists blogGroup; drop table if exists blogMessage; drop table if exists groupMessage; create table blogGroup ( groupId int not null auto_increment, groupName varchar(50), primary key (groupId) ); create table blogMessage ( msgId int not null auto_increment, msgContent varchar(1000), primary key (msgId) ); create table groupMessage ( groupId int not null, msgId int not null, primary key (groupId, msgId) ); alter table groupMessage add constraint FK_Relationship_1 foreign key (groupId) references blogGroup (groupId) on delete restrict on update restrict; alter table groupMessage add constraint FK_Relationship_2 foreign key (msgId) references blogMessage (msgId) on delete restrict on update restrict;
vPO(persisent object)类:
PO = POJO(plain ordinary java object) + 注解
vPO : BlogGroup
package com.blog.entriy; @Entity @Table(name="blogGroup") public class BlogGroup implements Serializable{ @Id @Column(name="groupId") @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) private int groupId; @Column(name="groupName") private String groupName; //fetch=FetchType.EAGER 抓取实体时,立即抓取关联实体,我用的get()方式加载一个对象 //ascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE, 分别是更新和保存时级联 @ManyToMany(targetEntity=BlogMessage.class, cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE}, fetch=FetchType.EAGER) @JoinTable(name="groupMessage", joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="groupId", referencedColumnName="groupId"), inverseJoinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="msgId", referencedColumnName="msgId") ) private Set<BlogMessage> message = new HashSet<BlogMessage>(); public int getGroupId() { return groupId; } public void setGroupId(int groupId) { this.groupId = groupId; } public String getGroupName() { return groupName; } public void setGroupName(String groupName) { this.groupName = groupName; } public Set<BlogMessage> getMessage() { return message; } public void setMessage(Set<BlogMessage> message) { this.message = message; } }
vPO : BlogMessage
package com.blog.entriy; @Entity @Table(name="blogMessage") public class BlogMessage implements Serializable{ @Id @Column(name="msgId") @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) private int msgId; @Column(name="msgContent") private String msgContent; @ManyToMany(targetEntity=BlogGroup.class) @JoinTable(name="groupMessage", joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="msgId", referencedColumnName="msgId"), inverseJoinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="groupId", referencedColumnName="groupId") ) private Set<BlogGroup> group = new HashSet<BlogGroup>(); public int getMsgId() { return msgId; } public void setMsgId(int msgId) { this.msgId = msgId; } public String getMsgContent() { return msgContent; } public void setMsgContent(String msgContent) { this.msgContent = msgContent; } public Set<BlogGroup> getGroup() { return group; } public void setGroup(Set<BlogGroup> group) { this.group = group; } }
vHibernate中数据的三种状态
补充一下:Dao层的操作,需要掌握Hibernate中数据的三种状态
1, 临时状态(Transient):用new创建的对象,它没有持久化,没有处于Session中,处于此状态的对象叫临时对象;
2, 持久化状态(Persistent):已经持久化,加入到了Session缓存中。如通过hibernate语句保存的对象。处于此状态的对象叫持久对象;
3, 游离状态(Detached):持久化对象脱离了Session的对象。如Session缓存被清空的对象。
盗图两张
1.对于刚创建的一个对象,如果session中和数据库中都不存在该对象,那么该对象就是瞬时对象(Transient)。
2.瞬时对象调用save方法,或者离线对象调用update方法可以使该对象变成持久化对象,如果对象是持久化对象时,那么对该对象的任何修改,都会在提交事务时才会与之进行比较,如果不同,则发送一条update语句,否则就不会发送语句。
3.离线对象就是,数据库存在该对象,但是该对象又没有被session所托管。
vDAO层:
分别测试了不同方式的插入操作, 以及更新和删除。具体看函数的实现。
package com.blog.dao; public class BlogDao { private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public Session getSession() { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); } public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; } public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } public BlogGroup get_test(int id){ BlogGroup blogGroup = null; Session session = null; Transaction tran = null; try{ session = this.getSession(); tran = session.beginTransaction(); blogGroup = (BlogGroup)session.get(BlogGroup.class, id); tran.commit(); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e.toString()); tran.rollback(); } return blogGroup; }
//只插入一端博客-组(BlogGroup) public void insert_test1(){ Session session = null; Transaction tran = null; try{ session = this.getSession(); tran = session.beginTransaction(); BlogGroup blogGroup = new BlogGroup(); blogGroup.setGroupName("html"); session.save(blogGroup); tran.commit(); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e.toString()); tran.rollback(); } } //同时插入两端(博客-组 和 博客-消息),没有用cascade级联操作,所以BlogGroup和BlogMessage两端都要先持久化 public void insert_test2(){ Session session = null; Transaction tran = null; try{ session = this.getSession(); tran = session.beginTransaction(); BlogGroup blogGroup = new BlogGroup(); blogGroup.setGroupName("c++"); BlogMessage blogMessage = new BlogMessage(); blogMessage.setMsgContent("c++ primer"); session.save(blogMessage); Set<BlogMessage> message = new HashSet<BlogMessage>(); message.add(blogMessage); blogGroup.setMessage(message); session.save(blogGroup); tran.commit(); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e.toString()); tran.rollback(); } } //同时插入两端,对BlogGroup设置persist级联操作 @ManyToMany(cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST}) public void insert_test3(){ Session session = null; Transaction tran = null; try{ session = this.getSession(); tran = session.beginTransaction(); BlogGroup blogGroup = new BlogGroup(); blogGroup.setGroupName("javaee"); BlogMessage blogMessage = new BlogMessage(); blogMessage.setMsgContent("Spring+hibernate+struct"); blogGroup.getMessage().add(blogMessage); session.persist(blogGroup); tran.commit(); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e.toString()); tran.rollback(); } } //向博客-组(BlogGroup)添加新的 博客-消息(BlogMessage),对BlogGroup再添加一个更新的级联操作,CascadeType.MERGE public void update_test(){ BlogGroup blogGroup = get_test(1);//得到blogGroup主键为1的group Session session = null; Transaction tran = null; try{ session = this.getSession(); tran = session.beginTransaction(); BlogMessage blogMessage = new BlogMessage(); blogMessage.setMsgContent("css 学习笔记"); blogGroup.getMessage().add(blogMessage); session.merge(blogGroup); tran.commit(); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e.toString()); tran.rollback(); } } //删除某一个博客-组(BlogGroup),因为不能删除我们写的博客消息,所以不能有删除的级联操作
//注意:我们有三个表,分别是“博客-组”, “博客-消息”,“组-消息”,当从“博客-组”中删除一条记录X时,表“博客-消息”中和X相关的数据不会删除,
//因为我们没有设置级联关系,但是表“组-消息”中和X相关的数据会删除干净,表“组-消息”是中间关联表,一方被移除之后,该表相关数据自然被移除。 public void delete_test(){ BlogGroup blogGroup = get_test(1);//得到blogGroup主键为1的group Session session = null; Transaction tran = null; try{ session = this.getSession(); tran = session.beginTransaction(); session.delete(blogGroup); tran.commit(); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e.toString()); tran.rollback(); } } }
v罗列所有持久化类的类名:
hibernate.cfg.xml中配置:
<hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> ...
<mapping class="com.blog.entriy.BlogGroup"/>
<mapping class="com.blog.entriy.BlogMessage"/>
... </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
如果整合了Spring:application.cfg.xml中的配置<bean id="sessionFactory"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!--Spring中: 包扫描的方式加载注解类 --> <property name="annotatedClasses"> <list> <value>com.blog.entriy.BlogGroup</value> <value>com.blog.entriy.BlogMessage</value> </list> </property> <!-- 通过配置文件的方式获取数据源,只是通过XML管理映射方式的。 <property name="mappingResources"> <list> 以下用来列出所有的PO映射文件 <value>publishparty.cfg.xml</value> </list> </property> -->
.....
</bean>