一、nginx配置用户认证
首先需要安装apache,可以使用yum install httpd 安装;或者在其他机器创建好.htpasswd文件,拷贝到服务器;
创建用户,并生成密码文件:
/usr/local/apache2/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd test
// 添加test用户,第一次添加时需要加-c参数,第二次添加时不需要-c参数;
访问指定目录配置用户认证:
在nginx的default配置文件中添加,红色的部分是指定在哪个目录设置用户认证。
location /a/ {
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd;
}
实验测试,使用curl 解析/a/目录下的index.html为401未认证;使用-u 用户名密码登录之后为200 OK;
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[root@localhost vhosts]
# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 192.168.20.30/a/index.html -I
HTTP
/1
.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: nginx
/1
.6.2
Date: Thu, 14 May 2015 09:48:18 GMT
Content-Type: text
/html
Content-Length: 194
Connection: keep-alive
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=
"Auth"
[root@localhost vhosts]
# curl -utest:1234 -x127.0.0.1:80 192.168.20.30/a/index.html -I
HTTP
/1
.1 200 OK
Server: nginx
/1
.6.2
Date: Thu, 14 May 2015 09:48:26 GMT
Content-Type: text
/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Thu, 14 May 2015 09:27:34 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag:
"55546a86-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
|
访问admin.php后台,设置用户认证;设置认证的代码要写在匹配php的前面,并且也要加入解析php的代码;
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[root@localhost vhosts]
# cat default.conf
server
{
listen 80 default;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root
/usr/local/nginx/html
;
location ~ admin\.php {
auth_basic
"Auth"
;
auth_basic_user_file
/usr/local/nginx/conf/
.htpasswd;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:
/tmp/php-fcgi
.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME
/usr/local/nginx/html
$fastcgi_script_name;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:
/tmp/php-fcgi
.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME
/usr/local/nginx/html
$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
|
网页测试登录admin.php页面弹出认证对话框,输入用户名密码才可以访问。
如不指定root目录,直接使用认证的话,打开首页弹出对话框进行认证;
location / {
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd;
二、配置域名重定向
nginx默认虚拟主机配置加入下面的代码:
server_name 11.com 22.com www.111.com;
if ($host != 'www.111.com' ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.111.com/$1 permanent;
}
permanent 永久重定向301;
试验测试:访问11.com 22.com 都会跳转到location:www.111.com;
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[root@localhost vhosts]
# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 11.com -I
HTTP
/1
.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx
/1
.6.2
Date: Thu, 14 May 2015 22:15:16 GMT
Content-Type: text
/html
Content-Length: 184
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http:
//www
.111.com/
[root@localhost vhosts]
# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 22.com -I
HTTP
/1
.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx
/1
.6.2
Date: Thu, 14 May 2015 22:15:21 GMT
Content-Type: text
/html
Content-Length: 184
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http:
//www
.111.com/
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三、配置日志记录
日志格式,main为定义的日志格式名;日志格式需加入到nginx.conf主配置文件http段中;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
log_format main1 '$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] '
'"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
//此日志格式为,ip不仅记录代理的ip还记录远程客户端真实IP。
添加访问日志的格式,写到default.conf最后一行;
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server
{
listen 80 default;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root
/usr/local/nginx/html
;
location ~ \.php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:
/tmp/php-fcgi
.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME
/usr/local/nginx/html
$fastcgi_script_name;
}
access_log
/home/logs/xxx
.log combined_realip;
}
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combined_realip为nginx.conf 定义的日志格式的名字。
使用curl测试之后,产生新的log;
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[root@localhost vhosts]
# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 192.168.20.30/index.html -I
[root@localhost vhosts]
# cat /home/logs/xxx.log
127.0.0.1 - [15
/May/2015
:15:13:49 +0800]192.168.20.30
"/index.html"
200
"-"
"curl/7.19.7 (i386-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.16.2.3 Basic ECC zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2"
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错误日志error_log日志级别:
error_log 级别分为 debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit 默认为crit, 该级别在日志名后边定义格式如下:error_log /your/path/error.log crit;
crit 记录的日志最少,而debug记录的日志最多。如果你的nginx遇到一些问题,比如502比较频繁出现,但是看默认的error_log并没有看到有意义的信息,那么就可以调一下错误日志的级别,当你调成error级别时,错误日志记录的内容会更加丰富。
四、静态文件(图片、flash、js、css)不记录日志,并配置缓存;
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
access_log off;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 12h;
access_log off;
}
expires 定义缓存时间;
access_log off 不记录日志;
试验测试:touch 1.jpg 2.js文件,使用curl测试cache-control为缓存时间;
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[root@localhost vhosts]
# touch /usr/local/nginx/html/1.jpg
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[root@localhost vhosts]
# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.111.com/1.jpg -I
HTTP
/1
.1 200 OK
Server: nginx
/1
.6.2
Date: Thu, 14 May 2015 22:11:45 GMT
Content-Type: image
/jpeg
Content-Length: 0
Last-Modified: Thu, 14 May 2015 22:11:41 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag:
"55551d9d-0"
Expires: Sat, 13 Jun 2015 22:11:45 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=2592000
Accept-Ranges: bytes
|
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[root@localhost vhosts]
# touch /usr/local/nginx/html/2.js
[root@localhost vhosts]
# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.111.com/2.js -I
HTTP
/1
.1 200 OK
Server: nginx
/1
.6.2
Date: Thu, 14 May 2015 22:11:00 GMT
Content-Type: application
/javascript
Content-Length: 0
Last-Modified: Thu, 14 May 2015 22:10:53 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag:
"55551d6d-0"
Expires: Fri, 15 May 2015 10:11:00 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=43200
Accept-Ranges: bytes
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五、防盗链
在nginx默认主机default.conf中的server部分中添加如下代码:
// 对taobao、baidu、google、soso这些域名的网站不进行盗链。如果不是规定的域名,返回403错误;或者跳转到一个自定义的图片上;
location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$ {
valid_referers none blocked server_names *.taobao.com *.baidu.com *.google.com *.google.cn *.soso.com;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 403;
#rewrite ^/ http://www.example.com/nophoto.gif;
}
}
~* 代表不区分大小写的匹配;
如同一个配置文件中都有~ 匹配的话,只匹配最上面的;把图片文件的缓存和不记录日志代码,放到一个~匹配中都生效;
location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$ {
expires 10d;
valid_referers none blocked server_names *.1.com *.a.com *.b.com *.baidu.com\
*.google.com *.google.cn *.soso.com ;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 403;
#rewrite ^/ http://www.example.com/nophoto.gif;
}
access_log off;
}
使用curl -e测试,需要加http:// 使用qq.com访问图片显示403错误,使用1.com是200 OK;验证防盗链成功;
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[root@localhost vhosts]
# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -e "http://www.qq.com" 192.168.20.30/1.jpg -I
HTTP
/1
.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx
/1
.6.2
Date: Fri, 15 May 2015 08:28:07 GMT
Content-Type: text
/html
Content-Length: 168
Connection: keep-alive
[
root@localhost vhosts]
# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -e "http://www.1.com" 192.168.20.30/1.jpg -I
HTTP
/1
.1 200 OK
Server: nginx
/1
.6.2
Date: Fri, 15 May 2015 08:28:16 GMT
Content-Type: image
/jpeg
Content-Length: 0
Last-Modified: Fri, 15 May 2015 07:55:55 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag:
"5555a68b-0"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
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本文转自 模范生 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/mofansheng/1652192,如需转载请自行联系原作者