oracle11g关于坏块的修复
一：bbed的命令简单介绍，后面用该工具构造块校验和不一致以达到模拟坏块目的
show 显示当前所有配置选项
info：列出当前bbed能处理的文件
set dba fileid,block:设置当前要处理的数据文件id和块号
set dba fileid，block 也可以用 set file fileid 和set block blockno 代替
set offset xxx offset 以set block 块号的设置为基准偏移当前块号的字节数
dump /v 显示当前数据块的内容 默认从当前数据块设置的offset字节数处开始显示。/v 参数显示详细内容，详细到啥境界，后面就晓得了。
find /c 查找的内容 TOP /c 指定查找内容为字符 TOP指定从数据块头部偏移量为0处开始整块搜索搜到一处显示一处，如果要查找下一个该字符则指定f即可
modify /c 要修改内容 默认从set指定的文件、块号、offset偏移字节数处进行修改。
二： 创建测试用的表
SQL> create table jiujian(des varchar(30)) tablespace pos;
Table created.
SQL> insert into jiujian values('zhangxu love oracle');
1 row created.
SQL> select * from jiujian;
DES
------------------------------
zhangxu love oracle
2 查询表jiujian所在的块
语句：select rowid,
dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) rel_fno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) blockno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
from jiujian;
SQL> select rowid,
2 dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) rel_fno,
3 dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) blockno,
4 dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
5 from jiujian;
ROWID REL_FNO BLOCKNO ROWNO
------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAATqzAAFAAAACHAAA 5 135 0
字段BLOCKNO 135即为表jiujian所在的块
三：创建bbed的配置文件
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cat bbed.par
blocksize=8192
listfile=/oracle/file
mode=edit
文本文件file 内容
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cat file
1 /oracle/CRM/system01.dbf 786432000
2 /oracle/CRM/sysaux01.dbf 566231040
3 /oracle/CRM/undotbs01.dbf 104857600
4 /backup/users01.dbf 1827143680
5 /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf 524288000
6 /oracle/CRM/erp.dbf 104857600
7 /oracle/CRM/user01.dbf 5242880
10 /oracle/CRM/undotbs02.dbf 104857600
file 内容由以下语句获取：
SQL> select file#||' '||name||' '||bytes from v$datafile;
FILE#||''||NAME||''||BYTES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 /oracle/CRM/system01.dbf 786432000
2 /oracle/CRM/sysaux01.dbf 566231040
3 /oracle/CRM/undotbs01.dbf 104857600
4 /backup/users01.dbf 1827143680
5 /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf 524288000
6 /oracle/CRM/erp.dbf 104857600
7 /oracle/CRM/user01.dbf 5242880
10 /oracle/CRM/undotbs02.dbf 104857600
四 开始用bbed构造坏块
[oracle@oracle ~]$ bbed parfile=bbed.par
Password:blockedit
BBED> show 显示配置
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 0
DBA 0x00400001 (4194305 1,1)
FILENAME /oracle/CRM/system01.dbf
BIFILE bifile.bbd
LISTFILE /oracle/file
BLOCKSIZE 8192
MODE Edit
EDIT Unrecoverable
IBASE Dec
OBASE Dec
WIDTH 80
COUNT 512
LOGFILE log.bbd
SPOOL No
BBED> info 显示bbed能处理的数据文件编号和数据文件位置
File# Name Size(blks)
----- ---- ----------
1 /oracle/CRM/system01.dbf 96000
2 /oracle/CRM/sysaux01.dbf 69120
3 /oracle/CRM/undotbs01.dbf 12800
4 /backup/users01.dbf 223040
5 /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf 64000
6 /oracle/CRM/erp.dbf 12800
7 /oracle/CRM/user01.dbf 640
10 /oracle/CRM/undotbs02.dbf 12800
BBED> set dba 5,135 设置当前数据文件号和块号
DBA 0x01400087 (20971655 5,135)
BBED> show 用show命令确认下设置
FILE# 5
BLOCK# 135
OFFSET 0
DBA 0x01400087 (20971655 5,135)
FILENAME /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf
BIFILE bifile.bbd
LISTFILE /oracle/file
BLOCKSIZE 8192
MODE Edit
EDIT Unrecoverable
IBASE Dec
OBASE Dec
WIDTH 80
COUNT 512
LOGFILE log.bbd
SPOOL No
BBED> find /c zhangxu TOP 查找当前数据块第一处字符zhangxu的位置
File: /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf (5)
Block: 135 Offsets: 8169 to 8191 Dba:0x01400087
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7a68616e 67787520 6c6f7665 206f7261 636c6501 066c05
<32 bytes per line>
从上面输出可看到当前字符串zhangxu位于偏移量8169处
BBED> set offset 8169 更改当前偏移量为 8169
OFFSET 8169
BBED> dump /v 从指定偏移量处开始显示数据块内容
File: /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf (5)
Block: 135 Offsets: 8169 to 8191 Dba:0x01400087
-------------------------------------------------------
7a68616e 67787520 6c6f7665 206f7261 l zhangxu love ora
636c6501 066c05 l cle..l.
<16 bytes per line>
从上句和下句便可看处dump /v 比dump多详细啊，能看到这个16进制相应的内容。
BBED> dump
File: /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf (5)
Block: 135 Offsets: 8169 to 8191 Dba:0x01400087
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7a68616e 67787520 6c6f7665 206f7261 636c6501 066c05 注意这里连毛都没有
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> modify /c jiujian 从偏移量8169处开始用字符jiujian 进行替换。
File: /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf (5)
Block: 135 Offsets: 8169 to 8191 Dba:0x01400087
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6a69756a 69616e20 6c6f7665 206f7261 636c6501 06b7f5
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> dump /v 显示是否替换成功
File: /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf (5)
Block: 135 Offsets: 8169 to 8191 Dba:0x01400087
-------------------------------------------------------
6a69756a 69616e20 6c6f7665 206f7261 l jiujian love ora
636c6501 06b7f5 l cle..孵
<16 bytes per line>
设置表空间offline再online或者重启数据库便可看到坏块效果
SQL> select * from jiujian;
select * from jiujian
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 5, block # 135)
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/oracle/CRM/pos.dbf'
五 对坏块修复
1 查询坏块信息
SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption;
FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
5 135 1 0 CHECKSUM
2 修复该块 下面给出两种方法
运行 recover …. Block 命令恢复指定的块
[oracle@oracle ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Sun Sep 23 11:09:32 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CRM (DBID=3599153036)
RMAN> recover datafile 5 block 135;
Starting recover at 2012-09-23 11:10:32
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=199 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=72 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set
restoring blocks of datafile 00005
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/20120913_ebnl4bil_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/backup/20120913_ebnl4bil_1_1 tag=TAG20120913T195604
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 82 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_82_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 83 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_83_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 84 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_84_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 85 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_85_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 86 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_86_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 87 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_87_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 88 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_88_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 89 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_89_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 90 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_90_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 91 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_91_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 92 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_92_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 93 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_93_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 94 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_94_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 95 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_95_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 96 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_96_791488634.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 97 is already on disk as file /oracle/archive/1_97_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=81
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/20120913_ednl4bp0_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/backup/20120913_ednl4bp0_1_1 tag=TAG20120913T195928
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 2012-09-23 11:11:19
SQL> select * from jiujian;
DES
------------------------------
zhangxu love oracle
SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption;
no rows selected
可看到运行 recover …. Block 命令恢复指定的块后清除视图v$database_block_corrutption中坏块内容
2对视图V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION中的所有坏块进行修复 Recover corruption list;（此处已经重新构造了坏块）
[oracle@oracle ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Mon Sep 24 21:41:42 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CRM (DBID=3599153036)
RMAN> recover corruption list;
Starting recover at 2012-09-24 21:42:01
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=70 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=131 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set
restoring blocks of datafile 00005
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/20120913_ebnl4bil_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/backup/20120913_ebnl4bil_1_1 tag=TAG20120913T195604
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished recover at 2012-09-24 21:42:47
SQL>select * from v$database_block_corruption;
no rows selected
总结：数据块恢复命令 recover datafile xxx block xxx 和命令 recover corruption list 都可以恢复坏块，并自动清除视图v$database_block_corruption 中关于坏块的记录
