Django里面还提供了一个功能叫做信号。信号类似触发器,可以指定在某个事件发生前后自动执行对应的函数。
Django自带了一些信号,如下所示:
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Model signals
pre_init
# django的modal执行其构造方法前,自动触发
post_init
# django的modal执行其构造方法后,自动触发
pre_save
# django的modal对象保存前,自动触发
post_save
# django的modal对象保存后,自动触发
pre_delete
# django的modal对象删除前,自动触发
post_delete
# django的modal对象删除后,自动触发
m2m_changed
# django的modal中使用m2m字段操作第三张表(add,remove,clear)前后,自动触发
class_prepared
# 程序启动时,检测已注册的app中modal类,对于每一个类,自动触发
Management signals
pre_migrate
# 执行migrate命令前,自动触发
post_migrate
# 执行migrate命令后,自动触发
Request
/
response signals
request_started
# 请求到来前,自动触发
request_finished
# 请求结束后,自动触发
got_request_exception
# 请求异常后,自动触发
Test signals
setting_changed
# 使用test测试修改配置文件时,自动触发
template_rendered
# 使用test测试渲染模板时,自动触发
Database Wrappers
connection_created
# 创建数据库连接时,自动触发
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如果需要使用的话,只需要导入对应的类,然后自己创建一个函数,再把自己的函数绑定到对应的信号就会自动执行了(这个过程叫做注册信号)。
例1:
创建一个sg.py,可以看见注册信号有2种方式写都是可以的,f1和f2用的第一种;f3用的第二种
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from
django.core.signals
import
request_finished
from
django.core.signals
import
request_started
from
django.core.signals
import
got_request_exception
from
django.db.models.signals
import
class_prepared
from
django.db.models.signals
import
pre_init, post_init
from
django.db.models.signals
import
pre_save, post_save
from
django.db.models.signals
import
pre_delete, post_delete
from
django.db.models.signals
import
m2m_changed
from
django.db.models.signals
import
pre_migrate, post_migrate
from
django.test.signals
import
setting_changed
from
django.test.signals
import
template_rendered
from
django.db.backends.signals
import
connection_created
def
f1(sender,
*
*
kwargs):
print
(
"xxoo_callback"
)
# print(sender,kwargs)
def
f2(sender,
*
*
kwargs):
print
(
"Do something before request"
)
print
(
"--------------------------"
)
#注册信号方法1
pre_save.connect(f1)
request_started.connect(f2)
#注册信号方法2
from
django.dispatch
import
receiver
@receiver
(request_finished)
def
f3(sender,
*
*
kwargs):
print
(
"--------------------------"
)
print
(
"Do something after request"
)
#自定义一个信号叫做pizza_done,要求提供两个参数
import
django.dispatch
pizza_done
=
django.dispatch.Signal(providing_args
=
[
"toppings"
,
"size"
])
#下面步骤一样的,注册信号,绑定回调函数
def
callback(sender,
*
*
kwargs):
print
(
"callback"
)
print
(sender,kwargs)
pizza_done.connect(callback)
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我把他直接导入到_init_.py里面这样运行的时候自动执行
Views.py
自己写的一个视图函数
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def
signal(reuqest):
from
app01
import
models
obj
=
models.UserInf(user
=
'root'
)
obj.save()
obj
=
models.UserInf(user
=
'root'
)
obj.save()
obj
=
models.UserInf(user
=
'root'
)
obj.save()
from
sg
import
pizza_done
pizza_done.send(sender
=
"asdfasdf"
,toppings
=
123
, size
=
456
)
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执行结果,在获取request之前,触发了f2,然后每次保存数据都触发了f1,然后通过send触发了一个自定义的信号,完成request之后,触发了f3
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Do something before request
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xxoo_callback
xxoo_callback
xxoo_callback
callback
asdfasdf {
'signal'
: <django.dispatch.dispatcher.Signal
object
at
0x03342FF0
>,
'toppings'
:
123
,
'size'
:
456
}
[
07
/
Sep
/
2017
16
:
29
:
16
]
"GET /signal/ HTTP/1.1"
200
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Do something after request
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本文转自 beanxyz 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/beanxyz/1963402,如需转载请自行联系原作者