3. Installing RubyGems
3.1 Installing RubyGems
Get it from
RubyForge ([url]http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=126[/url]) and run (as root, if appropriate and necessary)
ruby setup.rb
It’s easy. It installs the required library files and the
gem command. This command gives us the power to do everything else in this document, except distribute gems (for now!).
Debian Linux: Debian does not automatically include all the standard Ruby libararies in the basic Ruby package. As a result, you may need to ’’apt-get’’ libyaml-ruby and libzlib-ruby before you can install rubygems.
3.2 Installing RubyGems in a User Directory
If a user does not have access to the standard installation location (typically
/usr/local/lib/ruby), then they have the option of installing RubyGems in a alternate location.
Note that if you can’t install RubyGems in the standard location, then you probably can’t install gems in the standard gem repository location either. You need to specifiy a non-standard gem repository location via the
GEM_HOME environment variable.
Use the following to install RubyGems in a user directory (here called
/home/mystuff) with a repository named
/home/mygemrepository):
$ export GEM_HOME=/home/mygemrepository
$ ruby setup.rb config --prefix=/home/mystuff
$ ruby setup.rb setup
$ ruby setup.rb install- The
exportcommand iskshspecific. Use the appropriate command for your OS. For example windows users would probably say:set GEM_HOME=/home/mygemrepository
- Make sure you add
/home/mystuff/binto your path so that thegemcommand can be found. - Make sure you add the
GEM_HOMEsetup to your profile, so that RubyGems can find the location of your gem repository. - If you want the gem repository to reside inside the install directory, we recommend setting
GEM_HOMEprefix_dir/gems. (where prefix_dir is given as the valud of--prefixin the config step)
3.3 Updating RubyGems
Modern Versions of RubyGems
If your RubyGems version is 0.8.5 or later, you can upgrade to the latest version with:
gem update --system
Don’t forget to use sudo if your system requires root access to install ruby libraries.
Prior to RubyGems 0.8.5
If you current version of RubyGems is prior to version 0.8.5, then use the following commands:
gem install rubygems-update
update_rubygemsManual Upgrades
Download the latest RubyGems tar or zip file and following the instructions for
Installing RubyGems.
3.4 Post-install -- Setting Up the RubyGems Environment
Now that you have RubyGems installed, you should be ready to run applications using gems, right?
Well, almost.
You have one more decision to make: How to let Ruby programs know to use the gems repository.
You see, because the of versioned nature of the gems repository, RubyGems doesn’t store the library files directly in standard library search path. It adds the necessary gem packages to the library seach path as needed at run time.
This means that RubyGems must be loaded before any gem libraries are accessable.
The Hard Way
The most direct way to make RubyGems available is to just require it in the source code:
require 'rubygems'
require 'some_gem_library'
# ...
The big problem with this approach is that you don’t want to make this change to
every single Ruby program you download! While ok for quick scripts you write yourself, this is not the way to go.
Using the -rubygems Command Line Option
To avoid modifying all the Ruby programs you install, you could tell the
ruby interpreter to preload ruby gems before running other software. You can easily do this by giving the
ruby command a
-rubygems option each time you run a program.
ruby -rubygems my_program_that_uses_gems
This works, and avoids changing installed software, but is a pain to type all the time. Fortunately there is another option.
Using RUBYOPT
By setting the
RUBYOPT environment variable to the value
rubygems, you tell Ruby to load RubyGems every time it starts up. This is similar to the
-rubygems options above, but you only have to specify this once (rather than each time you run a Ruby script).
Unix users will want to put the following line in their
.profile (or equivalent):
export RUBYOPT=rubygems
Windows users will want to set the
RUBYOPT environment variable using the appropriate sysetm utility. (On XP you can find it under Settings / Control Panel / System. Click the advanced tab and then the “Environment Variables” button near the bottom. Note that the one-click installer will set up
RUBYOPT for you automatically (unless you request it not be done).
The Future
The need to preload the RubyGems software is one of the biggest drawbacks to RubyGems’ versioned software approach. The RubyGems team is investigating ways of making this issue much less onerous.
In the meantime, enjoy RubyGems.
本文转自 fsjoy1983 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/fsjoy/63910，如需转载请自行联系原作者
