sed说白了就是对行进行操作，所有的操作围绕‘行’的相关操作展开，可以把它理解为一个行编辑器。
1、查看sed版本： sed --version
[oracle@136_20 ~]$ sed --version
GNU sed version 4.1.5
Copyright (C) 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
to the extent permitted by law.
GNU sed version 4.1.5
Copyright (C) 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
to the extent permitted by law.
数据准备：
[stanley@qa13625 test]$ cat datafile
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
2、 sed -n '/north/p' datafile 查找行
[stanley@qa13625 test]$ sed -n '/north/p' datafile
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
3、sed -n 's/north/NORTH/p' datafile 替换
[stanley@qa13625 test]$ sed -n 's/north/NORTH/p' datafile
NORTHwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
NORTHeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
NORTH NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
NORTHwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
NORTHeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
NORTH NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
4、定址处理
删除1到3行： sed '1,3d' datafile
[stanley@qa13625 test]$ sed '1,3d' datafile
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
模式查找：sed -n '/[Aa]nn/p' datafile
[stanley@qa13625 test]$ sed -n '/[Aa]nn/p' datafile
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
5、命令
a\:在当前行后面添加一行
c\:
d:delete
i\: insert， 在之前插入
h:
H:
g:
G:
I:list nonprinting characters
p:print lines
n:
q:quit
!:
s:替换
6、替换标记 substitution flags
g:global
p:print
w:write lines out to a file
x:exchange
y:translates one character to another
-e:多层编辑
-f:
-n:
删除包含
north的行：
sed '/north/d' datafile
[stanley@qa13625 test]$
sed '/north/d' datafile
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
删除不包含north的行：
sed '/north/!d' datafile
[stanley@qa13625 test]$
sed '/north/!d' datafile
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
在sh、ksh、bash中使用
sed '/north/!d' datafile
； 在csh、tcsh中， 使用sed '/north/\!d' datafile
7、元字符
&:
^
.
*
[]
\
(
)
查找替换：
sed 's/CT/**&**/g' datafil
[stanley@qa13625 test]$
sed 's/CT/**&**/g' datafile
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central **CT** Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central **CT** Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
[stanley@qa13625 test]$
sed 's/north/&ing/g' datafile
northingwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northingeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
northing NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
northingwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northingeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
northing NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
取消默认打印输出：-n
[stanley@qa13625 test]$
sed '/south/p' datafile
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
[stanley@qa13625 test]$ sed -n '/south/p' datafile
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
[stanley@qa13625 test]$ sed -n '/south/p' datafile
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
以两位数字结尾的，在其后面加上'.5':
sed 's/[0-9][0-9]$/&.5/' datafile
[stanley@qa13625 test]$ sed 's/[0-9][0-9]$/&.5/' datafile
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34.5
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23.5
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18.5
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15.5
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17.5
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20.5
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13.5
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13.5
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34.5
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23.5
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18.5
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15.5
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17.5
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20.5
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13.5
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13.5
以#做为分隔符： sed 's#north#NORTH#g' datafile
[stanley@qa13625 test]$ sed 's#north#NORTH#g' datafile
NORTHwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
NORTHeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
NORTH NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
NORTHwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
NORTHeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
NORTH NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
范围查找：以第一个west开始，第一个east结尾的之间的行：
sed -n '/west/,/east/p' datafile
[stanley@qa13625 test]$ sed -n '/west/,/east/p' datafile
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17
在范围之内替换
在范围内的末尾加上'
**ALI**
': sed '/west/,/east/s/$/**ALI**/' datafile
[stanley@qa13625 test]$ sed '/west/,/east/s/$/**ALI**/' datafile
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34**ALI**
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23**ALI**
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18**ALI**
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15**ALI**
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17**ALI**
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
northwest NW Charles Main 3.0 .98 3 34**ALI**
western WE Sharon Gray 5.3 .97 5 23**ALI**
southwest SW Lewis Dalsass 2.7 .8 2 18**ALI**
southern SO Suan Chin 5.1 .95 4 15**ALI**
southeast SE Patricia Hemenway 4.0 .7 4 17**ALI**
eastern EA TB Savage 4.4 .84 5 20
northeast NE AM Main Jr. 5.1 .94 3 13
north NO Margot Weber 4.5 .89 5 9
central CT Ann Stephens 5.7 .94 5 13
去掉空行：sed '/^$/d' datafile
源：
[oracle@136_20 tmp]$ more datafile
0
1
8
10
13
14
0
1
8
10
13
14
目标：
[oracle@136_20 tmp]$
sed '/^$/d' datafile
0
1
8
10
13
14
0
1
8
10
13
14
删除多个空行为一个空行
sed '/^$/{N;/^\n*$/D}' datafile
sed '/^$/{N;/^\n*$/D}' datafile
读取从第2行到第4行：sed -n 2,4p datafile
读取从第2行：sed -n 2p datafile
[oracle@136_20 tmp]$ sed -n 2,4p datafile
1
8
[oracle@136_20 tmp]$ sed -n 2p datafile
1
1
8
[oracle@136_20 tmp]$ sed -n 2p datafile
1
本文转自 tianya23 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/tianya23/370689，如需转载请自行联系原作者
