手把手教你接口自动化测试 – SoapUI & Groovy-阿里云开发者社区

手把手教你接口自动化测试 – SoapUI & Groovy

关键词：SoapUI接口测试，接口自动化测试，数据驱动测试，SoapUI进阶使用， Groovy in SoapUI, SoapUI中Groovy的使用，数据分离。

阅读这篇文章需要一定的SoapUI基础，至少入过门，另外还需要一些Groovy的知识，当然如果你会java 也可以，这里用到的Groovy知识和Java很类似。

另外，本文的思路和我上一篇文章<零成本实现接口自动化测试 – Java+TestNG 测试Restful service>很相似，只不过把Java+TestNG的组合换成了SoapUI+Groovy, 另外测试对象也换成了基于Soap的web service，依旧用Excel来管理数据，做到数据分离。

由于我用到的SoapUI是免费版本，相比Pro版，少很多的功能，像DataLoop之类的，所以只能通过Groovy写一些脚本来做数据驱动的测试。

首先打开SoapUI, 新建一个Workspace 名为Demo

然后点击File->New soapUI Project

然后输入你的Project Name， WSDL 地址点击OK

输入服务的用户名密码点击OK

项目工程建好了

右击ServicePort 建立TestSuite

以其中一个接口为例来生成用例

输入TestSuite name 然后确认

工程结构如下

通过右击TestCase -> Add Step 增加 Groovy Script 和 Properties

增加四个Groovy Script, 并且命名成 Start, Process, Check Response, End

增加5个 Properties, 并且命名成Input, Baseline, Output, Result, fieldResult

调整它们的顺序，最后形成下图的工程目录结构

Start脚本主要创建log文件

/*Check the log file, create folder and file if necessary*/
import java.io.*;

def cal = Calendar.instance;
def sysdate = cal.getTime();
def Y = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR); 
def M = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1; 
def D = cal.get(Calendar.DATE);
if (D<10) D = "0"+D; 
if (M<10) M = "0"+M; 
date = Y+"-"+M+"-"+D;
time=sysdate.toString().replaceAll(':','-')

def testSuites=testRunner.testCase.getTestSuite();
def testcase = testRunner.testCase;

def logFolder = new File(context.expand('${#Project#LogFolder}'));
def responseLogName = (context.expand('${#Project#LogFolder}')+date+'\\'+testSuites.name+' - '+ testcase.name +' - ' + time+".log");
def responseDetailLogName = (context.expand('${#Project#LogFolder}')+date+'\\'+testSuites.name+' - ' + testcase.name +' - ' + time + " Response Detail.log");
def responseLogFile = new File(responseLogName);
def responseDetailLogFile = new File(responseDetailLogName);
def subFolder= new File (context.expand('${#Project#LogFolder}')+date+'\\')

/*Set date and Log Name to Project - Testcase Properties*/
testcase.setPropertyValue('date', date);
testcase.setPropertyValue('LogFile - Check Response', responseLogName);
testcase.setPropertyValue('LogFile - Response Detail', responseDetailLogName);

if(!logFolder.exists()){
    logFolder.mkdirs();
    }

if(!subFolder.exists()){
    subFolder.mkdirs();
    }

/*Check the file, create a new one if not found*/
if(!responseLogFile.exists()){
    responseLogFile.createNewFile();
    }
responseLogFile.append("---------------Test Start on "+sysdate+" ------------------------"+'\n');

if(!responseDetailLogFile.exists()){
    responseDetailLogFile.createNewFile();
    }
responseDetailLogFile.append("---------------Test Start on "+sysdate+" ------------------------"+'\n');

View Script - Start

Process脚本是整个工程的核心，读取Excel数据文件的Input, Baseline 放入二维数组，然后循环读入Input和Baseline这两个Properties, 调用request, 取到Ouput和Result Properties的值放入Output, Result数组，最后更新Excel的Output, Result, Comparison sheet。

import java.io.*;
import jxl.*;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;

def readInput(workbook,inputSheetName)
{    
    Sheet sheet=workbook.getSheet(inputSheetName);
            
    rows = sheet.getRows();
    columns = sheet.getColumns();
    
/*Get content into array*/
    input = new Object [columns][rows]
    for (a=0;a<columns;a++)
        {
        for (b=0;b<rows;b++)
            {
                input[a][b]= sheet.getCell(a,b).getContents();
            }
        }
}

def readBaseline(workbook,sheetName)
{    
    Sheet sheet=workbook.getSheet(sheetName);
            
    Rows = sheet.getRows(); 
    Columns = sheet.getColumns();
    
/*Get content into array*/
    baseline = new Object [Columns][Rows]
    for (a=0;a<Columns;a++)
        {
        for (b=0;b<Rows;b++)
            {
                baseline[a][b]= sheet.getCell(a,b).getContents();
            }
        }
}

def updateOutput(writableWorkbook,sheetName,start_row,rows,columnNo,result,resultTag){
    
        Sheet[] sheet= writableWorkbook.getSheets();
        ws = writableWorkbook.getSheet(sheetName);
        if(ws==null){
        ws = writableWorkbook.createSheet(sheetName,sheet.length)
        }
        for (a=0;a<columnNo;a++)
        {
            ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,0,result[a][0]));
            for (b=start_row;b<rows;b++)
            {
                wc = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();
                if (resultTag[a][b]=='PASS')            
                {
                    wc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.WHITE);
                    ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,b,result[a][b],wc));
                }
                else if(resultTag[a][b]=='FAIL'){
                    wc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.RED);
                    ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,b,result[a][b],wc));
                }
            }
        }
}

def updateResult(writableWorkbook,sheetName,start_row,rows,columnNo,result){
    
        Sheet[] sheet= writableWorkbook.getSheets();
        ws = writableWorkbook.getSheet(sheetName);
        if(ws==null){
        ws = writableWorkbook.createSheet(sheetName,sheet.length)
        }
        for (a=0;a<columnNo;a++)
        {
            ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,0,result[a][0]));
            for (b=start_row;b<rows;b++)
            {
               wcf = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();
               wcf.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.RED);
               
                  if(result[a][b] == 'FAIL'){
                       ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,b,result[a][b],wcf));
                  }    else             
                    ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,b,result[a][b]));
            }
        }

        wc = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();
          wcc = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();
          wc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.GRAY_25);
          wcc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.LIGHT_TURQUOISE);
          ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(0,rows-3,result[0][rows-3],wcc));   
          ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(0,rows-2,result[0][rows-2],wc));
        ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(0,rows-1,result[0][rows-1],wc));
        
}

def updateComparison(writableWorkbook,sheetName,start_row,rows,columnNo,output,outputTag,result,baseline){
    
        Sheet[] sheet= writableWorkbook.getSheets();
        ws = writableWorkbook.getSheet(sheetName);
        if(ws==null){
        ws = writableWorkbook.createSheet(sheetName,sheet.length)
        }
        for (a=0;a<columnNo;a++)
        {
            ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,0,output[a][0]));
            
            x= 1;
            for (b=start_row;b<rows;b++)
            {
                if(result[1][b] == 'FAIL'){
                  wc = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();
                  if (outputTag[a][b]=='PASS')            
                  {
                        wc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.WHITE);
                     ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,x,output[a][b],wc));                     
                  }
                  else {
                     wc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.RED);
                     ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,x,output[a][b],wc));
                  }
                wbc = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();
                 wbc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.ICE_BLUE);
                ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,x+1,baseline[a][b],wbc));
                x+=2; 
              }
            }
        }
}

def removeSheetByName(writableWorkbook, name){
    
        Sheet[] sheet= writableWorkbook.getSheets();    
        ws = writableWorkbook.getSheet(name);
        if(ws != null){
            for (i = 0; i < sheet.length; i++) {
                sheetName = writableWorkbook.getSheet(i).getName();            
                if (sheetName.equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
                    writableWorkbook.removeSheet(i);
                }
            }
        }
}

def setProperties(Name,Value,Place)
{    
    name = Name;
    target = testRunner.testCase.getTestStepByName(Place);
    target.setPropertyValue(name,Value);
    }

def cleanProperty(PropertyListName)
{
         PropertyList = testRunner.testCase.getTestStepByName(PropertyListName);
         size=PropertyList.getPropertyCount();
         if (size!=0)
         {
                   for (i=0;i<size;i++)
                   {
                            PropertyList.removeProperty(PropertyList.getPropertyAt(0).name);
                   }
         }
}

def logFile = new File(context.expand('${#TestCase#LogFile - Check Response}'));
def xlsName = context.expand('${#TestCase#Workbook}');

def project = testRunner.testCase.getTestSuite().getProject();
def testSuite = testRunner.testCase.getTestSuite();
def testcase = testRunner.testCase
def requests = testcase.getTestStepsOfType( com.eviware.soapui.impl.wsdl.teststeps.WsdlTestRequestStep.class )
def request = requests[0];

inputSheetName = "Input";
baselineSheet = "Baseline";
outputSheet = "Output";
resultSheet = "Result";
fieldResult = testcase.getTestStepByName('fieldResult');
ComparisonSheet = "Comparison";

Baseline = testcase.getTestStepByName(baselineSheet);
baselineSize = Baseline.getPropertyCount();
Output = testcase.getTestStepByName(outputSheet);

def cal = Calendar.instance;
def sysdate = cal.getTime();
sleepTime=context.expand('${#Project#sleepTime}').toInteger()

try{    
       Workbook workbook=Workbook.getWorkbook(new File(xlsName));
       cleanProperty(inputSheetName);
       readInput(workbook,inputSheetName);
      
    for (i=0;i<columns;i++)
    {
      setProperties(input[i][0],'',inputSheetName)
    }

      cleanProperty(baselineSheet);
      readBaseline(workbook,baselineSheet);
    for (i=0;i<Columns;i++)
    {
      setProperties(baseline[i][0],'',baselineSheet)
    }
       workbook.close();
       
}catch(Exception e){
      e.printStackTrace();
}
        
/*-----------Set runSelect as 'true' in Project property to run selected test cases from startTag till endTag-------*/
def runSelected = context.expand('${#Project#runSelected}')
start_Test=1;
end_Test=rows-1;

def passNumbers = 0;
def decFormat = new DecimalFormat("##.00%"); 


if ('true'.equalsIgnoreCase(runSelected))
{
    startTag=context.expand('${#Project#startTag}').toInteger();
     endTag=context.expand('${#Project#endTag}').toInteger();
     
    if((0<startTag)&&(startTag<rows)&&(endTag>=startTag)&&(rows>endTag)){
    start_Test=startTag;
    end_Test=endTag;
    }
}
    
    result = new Object [2][rows+3]
    result[0][0]='Case Description';
    result[1][0]='Result'
    result[0][rows+1]='Start Time:';
    result[1][rows+1]=sysdate.toString();
    
/*--New object and put the output name and value into this list--*/
    output = new Object [baselineSize][rows]
    outputTag = new Object [baselineSize][rows]
    for (i=0;i<baselineSize;i++)
    {
        output[i][0]= Baseline.getPropertyAt(i).name;
        outputTag[i][0]= 'PASS';
        }
        
    for (m=start_Test;m<=end_Test;m++)
    {
         logFile.append('\n'+ testcase.name + ": "+m+" "+ ". "+sysdate+'\n');
        for (i=0;i<columns;i++)
        {
            setProperties(input[i][0],input[i][m],inputSheetName)
        }
        for (j=0;j<Columns;j++)
        {    
             setProperties(baseline[j][0],baseline[j][m],baselineSheet)
        }
            
        testRunner.runTestStepByName(request.name);
        Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
        testRunner.runTestStepByName("Check Response");
                
        result[0][m]=context.expand('${'+inputSheetName+'#Case Description}')
        result[1][m]=context.expand('${'+resultSheet+'#result}')

        if(result[1][m] == 'PASS'){
                 passNumbers++;
        }
        
        for (i=0;i<baselineSize;i++)
        {
            output[i][m]= Output.getPropertyAt(i).value;
            outputTag[i][m]= fieldResult.getPropertyAt(i).value;
        }
}
          result[0][rows+2]='End Time:';
          result[1][rows+2]=sysdate.toString();
          result[0][rows]='Pass Percentage:';
          
          passPercentage = decFormat.format(passNumbers/(end_Test-start_Test+1));
          result[1][rows] = passPercentage

/*--------------Update Output, Result, Comparison sheet---------*/
    try{
        workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File(xlsName));
        writableWorkbook =  Workbook.createWorkbook(new File(xlsName), workbook);

        updateOutput(writableWorkbook,outputSheet,start_Test,end_Test+1,baselineSize,output,outputTag);
        updateResult(writableWorkbook,resultSheet,start_Test,rows+3,2,result);

        removeSheetByName(writableWorkbook,ComparisonSheet);
                  
        if(passPercentage != '100.00%'){
               updateComparison(writableWorkbook,ComparisonSheet,start_Test,end_Test+1,baselineSize,output,outputTag,result,baseline);
          }

          writableWorkbook.write();
        writableWorkbook.close();   
        workbook.close();
        
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
           
          setProperties('passPercentage', passPercentage ,'Result');
          
        testRunner.gotoStepByName('End');

View Script - Process

Check Response 顾名思义，用来检查返回结果，通过XmlHolder getNodeValue 来取response各节点的值，并且填入Output Properties已作对比之用。

import java.lang.*;
import java.util.*;
import groovy.lang.*;
import groovy.util.*;
import com.eviware.soapui.support.XmlHolder

baselineSheet = "Baseline";
outputSheet = "Output";
resultSheet = "Result";

def testcase = testRunner.testCase;
Baseline = testcase.getTestStepByName(baselineSheet)
baselineSize = Baseline.getPropertyCount();
Output = testcase.getTestStepByName(outputSheet);

def requests = testcase.getTestStepsOfType( com.eviware.soapui.impl.wsdl.teststeps.WsdlTestRequestStep.class )
def request = requests[0];
def response = request.testRequest.response;

respXmlHolder = new XmlHolder(response.contentAsXml)

//declare namespace in xml response
respXmlHolder.declareNamespace("ns1", "http://schemas.xxx.com/v201203/yourservice")

def statusCode = request.testRequest.response.responseHeaders["#status#"].toString();

def setProperties(Name,Value,Place){              
       name = Name;
       target = testRunner.testCase.getTestStepByName(Place);
       target.setPropertyValue(name,Value);
}

def getspecifiedValue(field){
      prefix = "//ns1:";
       nodePath = "${prefix}${field}"
       specifiedValue = respXmlHolder.getNodeValue("${nodePath}")
}

testRunner.testCase.getTestStepByName(outputSheet).clearPropertyValues();

//normal output, status = '200 OK'
if(statusCode.contains('200 OK')){
       for (i=1;i<baselineSize;i++)
       {
               specifiedName = Baseline.getPropertyAt(i).name;
               specifiedValue = getspecifiedValue(specifiedName);
               if(specifiedValue != null){
               setProperties(specifiedName,specifiedValue,outputSheet)
               } else  {
                   setProperties(specifiedName,'',outputSheet)
               }            
       }
    
} else
       { 
           setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(0).name,Baseline.getPropertyAt(0).value,outputSheet);
         setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(1).name,statusCode,outputSheet);
         
          for(t=2; t<baselineSize; t++){
            setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(t).name, '' ,outputSheet);   
       }
}

setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(0).name,Baseline.getPropertyAt(0).value,outputSheet);
setProperties('result','PASS', resultSheet);


logFile = new File(context.expand('${#TestCase#LogFile - Check Response}'));
responseDetailLogFile= new File(context.expand('${#TestCase#LogFile - Response Detail}'));

logFile.append(" ------                   Start Response Check "+ " @ "+Calendar.instance.getTime()+"\n");
responseDetailLogFile.append("\n"+ testcase.name + " -- " + Baseline.getPropertyAt(0).value+ "\n" + response+"\n");


/*--------Compare the result with Baseline and update the result accordingly---------*/

for (i=0;i<baselineSize;i++)
{
         if (Baseline.getPropertyAt(i).value==Output.getPropertyAt(i).value)
                {
                      setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(i).name,'PASS','fieldResult');
       }
               else
                {
                       setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(i).name,'FAIL','fieldResult');
                       setProperties('result','FAIL','Result');
         }
 }

View Script - Check Response

End脚本在log上打时间戳

def cal = Calendar.instance;
def sysdate = cal.getTime();

responseLogFile = new File(context.expand('${#TestCase#LogFile - Check Response}'));
responseDetailLogFile= new File(context.expand('${#TestCase#LogFile - Response Detail}'));

responseLogFile.append('\n'+ "---------------Test End on " + sysdate.toString() + " ------------------------"+'\n');
responseDetailLogFile.append('\n'+ "---------------Test End on " + sysdate.toString() + " ------------------------"+'\n');

View Script - End

配置

双击DemoProject，点击下方的Properties tab

然后 Add property