ssh除了密码验证外，还有一种比较常用的验证方式：key；他的好处除了安全外，还可以实现linux之间的免密码登陆 ，方便管理或者批量维护。
本文介绍一下windows/linux下如何配置key免密码登陆linux服务器
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[root@A ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa |
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Generating public/private rsa key pair. |
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Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): |
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//key保存的路径和文件名 |
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Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): |
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//key的密码，免密码登陆的话留空 |
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Enter same passphrase again: |
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Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa |
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//生成了私钥/root.ssh/id_rsa |
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Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub |
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//生成了公钥 /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub |
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The key fingerprint is: |
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82:8c:2c:52:06:c6:f3:c4:1c:1c:35:b7:cd:5b:42:a2 root@A |
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[root@A ~]# ls /root/.ssh/ //查看一下目录，已经有了这两个文件 |
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authorized_keys id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts |
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[root@A ~]# |
查看一下服务器ssh服务公钥存放的路径
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[root@A ~]# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config |grep AuthorizedKeysFile |
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#AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys |
默认服务器保存公钥的位置是.ssh/AuthorizedKeysFile
所以需要将生成的公钥文件通过scp或者任何方法拷贝到你需要远程登录的服务器的这个文件中
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[root@B ~]# cd .ssh/ |
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[root@B .ssh]# cat id_rsa.pub >authorized_keys |
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//服务器本地ssh客户端默认读取的私钥路径已经包含了/.ssh/id_rsa |
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[root@A .ssh]# cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config |grep IdentityFile |
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# IdentityFile ~/.ssh/identity |
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# IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa |
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# IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa |
至此你可以直接从A 执行命令ssh ipB
登录到服务器B了，就这么简单。
有一种简单的方法：使用命令ssh-copy-id 直接将本机的key加入到对方服务器的验证文件中
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[root@A .ssh]# ssh-copy-id |
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Usage: /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id [-i [identity_file]] [user@]machine |
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[root@A .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa root@ipB |
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The authenticity of host 'ipB (ipB)' can't be established. |
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RSA key fingerprint is 17:21:32:02:da:3b:a1:d1:a2:69:12:36:a2:d7:59:ad. |
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Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes |
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root@ipB's password: |
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Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'root@ipB'", and check in: |
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.ssh/authorized_keys |
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[root@A ~]# ssh ipB |
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Last login: Sun Dec 15 19:33:07 2013 from ipA |
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[root@B ~]# |
这样执行之后，就可以直接登陆服务器了。
上面都是通过linux的ssh客户端来连接，如果通过本地来使用key登陆的话方法大同小异；
将私钥id_rsa下载到本地，然后导入到客户端的密钥认证配置的地方即可；
以SecureCRT为例，配置位置如下图选择下载下来的私钥文件即可。
