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大型系统架构中，会拆分多个子系统。简单来说，这些子系统有两个功能：提供接口、调用接口，在微服务架构中，将每一个这样的子系统称为一个“微服务”；

每一个服务会部署多个实例（就是多台机器，且会动态扩容，IP不固定）；
这种情况下，需要使用eureka进行服务管理。服务ID/名称是唯一的标识，接口调用前，根据ID在注册中心找到对应的实例信息(ip端口等)，然后再直调服务。

一、spring cloud服务注册中心

1、首先是pom文件，以下都是是使用spring cloud必须配置的内容。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!-- spring boot 封装spring  
         starter封装、自动配置autoconfiguration
     -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
        <relativePath />
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.dongnaoedu.springcloud</groupId><!-- 可以是自己的名称 -->
    <artifactId>lession-1-eureka</artifactId><!-- 可以自定义id -->
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring-boot-starter-web web项目，集成容器tomcat -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring-boot-starter-actuator 管理工具/web 查看堆栈，动态刷新配置 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- cloud eureka组件 注册中心 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

2、配置bootstrap.yml

# 比application context先加载
# 应用名称 项目运行后的名称
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server

3、application.yml

# 上下文初始化加载
info:
  name: Eureka server
  contact: 动脑科技VIP

spring:
  profiles:
    active: dev
---
spring:
  profiles: dev
server:
  port: 8761
eureka:
  client:
    # 是否注册到eurekaserver
    registerWithEureka: true
    # 是否拉取信息
    fetchRegistry: false
    # eureka server地址
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8761/eureka/
  server:
    waitTimeInMsWhenSyncEmpty: 0
    # false 关闭自我保护，不管如何都要剔除心跳检测异常的服务
    enableSelfPreservation: true
    # updatePeerEurekaNodes执行间隔
    peerEurekaNodesUpdateIntervalMs: 10000000
  instance:
    hostname: eureka1
---
spring:
  profiles: eureka1
server:
  port: 8761
eureka:
  client:
    registerWithEureka: true
    fetchRegistry: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:8761/eureka/,http://eureka2:8762/eureka/,http://eureka3:8763/eureka/
  server:
    waitTimeInMsWhenSyncEmpty: 0
  instance:
    hostname: eureka1
    metadataMap: 
      instanceId: ${spring.application.name}:${vcap.application.instance_id:${spring.application.instance_id:${random.value}}}

---
spring:
  profiles: eureka2
server:
  port: 8762
eureka:
  client:
    registerWithEureka: true
    fetchRegistry: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:8761/eureka/,http://eureka2:8762/eureka/,http://eureka3:8763/eureka/
  server:
    waitTimeInMsWhenSyncEmpty: 0
  instance:
    hostname: eureka2
    metadataMap: 
      instanceId: ${spring.application.name}:${vcap.application.instance_id:${spring.application.instance_id:${random.value}}}


---
spring:
  profiles: eureka3
server:
  port: 8763
eureka:
  client:
    registerWithEureka: true
    fetchRegistry: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:8761/eureka/,http://eureka2:8762/eureka/,http://eureka3:8763/eureka/
  server:
    waitTimeInMsWhenSyncEmpty: 0
  instance:
    hostname: eureka3
    metadataMap: 
      instanceId: ${spring.application.name}:${vcap.application.instance_id:${spring.application.instance_id:${random.value}}}

4、启动类

服务启动类必须有两个注解
@SpringBootApplication//spring cloud是基于springboot的
@EnableEurekaServer//开启EurekaServer

package com.dongnaoedu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer//开启EurekaServer
public class EurekaApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new SpringApplicationBuilder(EurekaApp.class).web(true).run(args);
    }
}

5、启动查看信息

启动后进入：http://localhost:8761/ 可查看项目信息
这里写图片描述
信息解释：

二、服务提供者

1、pom文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!-- spring boot 封装spring  
         starter封装、自动配置autoconfiguration
     -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
        <relativePath />
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.dongnaoedu.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>lession-1-sms-interface</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring-boot-starter-web web项目，集成容器tomcat -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring-boot-starter-actuator 管理工具/web 查看堆栈，动态刷新配置 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- cloud eureka组件 客户端 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hsqldb</groupId>
            <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2、bootstrap.yml

# 比application先加载
spring:
  application:
    name: lession-1-sms-interface

3、application.yml

# 上下文初始化加载
info:
  name: lession-1-sms-interface
#端口
server:
  port: 9002

# 配置eureka
eureka:
  client:
    registerWithEureka: true
    fetchRegistry: true
    # eureka server地址
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8761/eureka/
  instance:
    # 心跳间隔
    # properties中配置：eureka.instance.leaseRenewalIntervalInSeconds
    leaseRenewalIntervalInSeconds: 30

# 这个配置会被spring.application.instance_id覆盖（默认 hostname，appnane，port）
#    metadataMap: 
#      instanceId: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.hostname}:${server.port}:${random.value}

4、启动类

package com.dongnaoedu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

// 服务提供者 - 短信接口
@SpringBootApplication//springcloud是基于springboot的
@EnableEurekaClient//Eureka客户端，用来获取信息
public class SmsInterfaceApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new SpringApplicationBuilder(SmsInterfaceApp.class).web(true).run(args);
    }
}

5、control

package com.dongnaoedu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
import org.springframework.data.rest.core.annotation.RepositoryRestResource;
// spring  data rest 技术
@RepositoryRestResource(collectionResourceRel = "sms", path = "sms")
public interface SmsController extends PagingAndSortingRepository<SmsDomain, Long> {
}

6、bean

package com.dongnaoedu.springcloud;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "sms")
public class SmsDomain implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2485043500570220853L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long smsId;

    @Column
    private String phone;
    @Column
    private String content;

    public Long getSmsId() {
        return smsId;
    }

    public void setSmsId(Long smsId) {
        this.smsId = smsId;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

}

三、服务消费者

消费者和提供者的pom文件和application和bootstrap还有启动类的代码都和服务提供者没什么区别，就不在贴出来了，想看的朋友可以下载源码查看。
消费者control：

package com.tony.springcloud;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @Autowired
    DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;// spring cloud 提供的客户端工具

    @RequestMapping("test")
    public String test() throws IOException{
        // 调用服务器之前，通过eureka client 查询服务的实例信息
        // 也就是说去看 部署了哪些机器，以及IP 端口等信息
        List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("lession-1-sms-interface");

        for (ServiceInstance serviceInstance : instances) {
            System.out.println("获取到服务实例：" + serviceInstance.getPort());
        }
        // ribbon 客户端负载均衡
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = instances.get(0);

        // 获取的IP  端口  信息
        String host = serviceInstance.getHost();
        int port = serviceInstance.getPort();

        String result = new RestTemplate().getForObject("http://" + host + ":" + port +"/sms/1", String.class);

        return result;
    }
}

四、功能操作

分别运行注册中心，服务提供者，服务消费者的启动类，然后用火狐的接口测试工具调用服务提供者的sms接口（http://localhost:9002/sms）保存信息：
这里写图片描述
然后调用服务消费者的“test”接口就可以访问到服务提供者的接口了：

通过这种方式就可以实现分布式，往深了学，这里还会涉及负载均衡，前后端分离也是用这个形式实现的。

注：源码链接http://download.csdn.net/download/w1lgy/10017378。

spring cloud

微服务：

一、spring cloud服务注册中心

1、首先是pom文件，以下都是是使用spring cloud必须配置的内容。

2、配置bootstrap.yml

3、application.yml

4、启动类

5、启动查看信息

二、服务提供者

1、pom文件

2、bootstrap.yml

3、application.yml

4、启动类

5、control

6、bean

三、服务消费者

四、功能操作

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