自动化测试项目实战笔记(三)：测试用户注册（验证码错误，成功，出现弹框时处理）

测试步骤

• 指明测试网址：http://localhost:8080/jpress/user/register
  
• 通过Selemium的get函数发起HTTP请求，进入此网址
• 通过maximize_window扩充整个屏幕
• 通过id、name、xpath、class_name来定位目标位置，用于实现包括输入信息，点击信息等操作
• 如果注册出错会出现弹窗，弹窗我们可以使用WebDriverWait…until来显示等待来捕捉弹框的出现，使用的是expected_conditions.alert_is_present来等待查看，捕捉弹窗通过switch_to.alert来获取弹窗警告
• 获取之后可以通过assert断言来检测弹窗是否符合预期，后可通过accept来使得弹窗消失。

具体代码实现

import pickle
import random
import string
import time, os, ddddocr
from PIL import Image

def re_code_pic(picdir):
    ocr = ddddocr.DdddOcr(show_ad=False)
    with open(picdir, 'rb') as f:
        img_bytes = f.read()
    res = ocr.classification(img_bytes)
    return res

def get_code(driver, id="captchaimg", name = False):
    # 获取验证码图片
    t = time.time()
    path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)) + "/screenshots"
    pname = path + '/' + str(t) + ".png"
    driver.save_screenshot(pname)

    if name == True:
        ce = driver.find_element_by_name(id)
    else:
        ce = driver.find_element_by_id(id)

    # print(ce.location, ce.size)
    # x,y 左顶点的坐标  w，h 高宽
    left = ce.location["x"]
    top = ce.location["y"]
    right = ce.size["width"] + left
    height = ce.size["height"] + top
    im = Image.open(pname)
    # 剪裁图片并保存 (left, upper, right, lower)
    # lower 减小是指减小下方的高度
    # right减小是向左移动，减小右方的宽度
    # upper减小是减小上方的宽度，向下移动
    # left增加是向右移动
    # img = im.crop((left, top, right, height))
    # print(left, top, right, height)
    if name == True:
        img = im.crop((left + 430, top + 100, right + 320, height + 110))
    else:
        img = im.crop((left + 145, top + 110, right + 175, height + 125))

    t = time.time()
    pname2 = path + "/" + str(t) + ".png"
    img.save(pname2) # 这里是截图到验证码的图片
    text = re_code_pic(pname2)
    return text

# 生成随机字符串
def get_random_str():
    randstr = "".join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 8))
    return randstr

# 保存cookie和加载cookie的方法
def save_cookie(driver, path):
    with open(path, "wb") as filehandler:
        cookies = driver.get_cookies()
        print(cookies)
        pickle.dump(cookies, filehandler)

def load_cookie(driver, path):
    with open(path, "rb") as cookiesfile:
        cookies = pickle.load(cookiesfile)
        for cookie in cookies:
            driver.add_cookie(cookie)
# get_random_str()

from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver # 驱动
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # 期望等待条件的出现
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait # 在设置时间内，默认每隔一段时间检测一次当前页面元素是否存在（显示等待）
from util import utils

class TestUserRegister(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Edge("drivers/msedgedriver.exe")
        self.driver.get("http://localhost:8080/jpress/user/register")
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    # 测试验证码错误
    def test_register_code_error(self):
        username = "test001"
        email = "test001@qq.com"
        pwd = "123456"
        confirmPwd = "123456"
        captcha = "666"
        expected = "验证码不正确"

        self.driver.find_element_by_name("username").send_keys(username)
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("email").send_keys(email)
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("pwd").send_keys(pwd)
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("confirmPwd").send_keys(confirmPwd)
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("captcha").send_keys(captcha)
        self.driver.find_element_by_class_name("btn").click()

        # 切换弹框 WebDriverWait等待5秒直到弹框出现，不然会报错
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 5).until(EC.alert_is_present())
        alert = self.driver.switch_to.alert # 获取弹窗警告
        assert alert.text == expected
        alert.accept() # 弹窗消失
        sleep(5)
        print("测试用例1：{}".format(expected))

    # 测试成功
    def test_register_ok(self):
        username = utils.get_random_str()
        email = username + "@qq.com"
        pwd = "123456"
        confirmPwd = "123456"
        captcha = utils.get_code(self.driver, "captchaimg")
        expected = "注册成功，点击确定进行登录。"
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("username").clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("username").send_keys(username)
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("email").clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("email").send_keys(email)
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("pwd").clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("pwd").send_keys(pwd)
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("confirmPwd").clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("confirmPwd").send_keys(confirmPwd)
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("captcha").clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("captcha").send_keys(captcha)
        self.driver.find_element_by_class_name("btn").click()

        # 切换弹框 WebDriverWait等待5秒直到弹框出现，不然会报错
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 5).until(EC.alert_is_present())
        alert = self.driver.switch_to.alert # 获取弹窗警告
        assert alert.text == expected
        alert.accept() # 弹窗消失
        print("测试用例2：{}".format(expected))

结果显示

难点

• 需要获取验证码的位置，通过验证码识别（ddddocr）来检测验证码，其中获取验证码的位置可以通过find_element_by_name找到其位置，并通过location和size来获取左顶点和宽高，根据crop来对验证码区域进行裁剪，然后送入到ddddocr进行检测。
• 弹窗检测：学会使用WebDriverWait…until和expected_conditions来对弹窗进行处理。