作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.EXT系列文件系统专用管理工具-mkfs
1>.查看mkfs命令
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs #想要查看更详细的信息可参考"man mkfs"帮助信息
Usage:
mkfs [options] [-t <type>] [fs-options] <device> [<size>]
Options:
-t, --type=<type> filesystem type; when unspecified, ext2 is used
fs-options parameters for the real filesystem builder
<device> path to the device to be used
<size> number of blocks to be used on the device
-V, --verbose explain what is being done;
specifying -V more than once will cause a dry-run
-V, --version display version information and exit;
-V as --version must be the only option
-h, --help display this help text and exit
For more information see mkfs(8).
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
2>.使用mkfs命令创建指定类型的文件系统
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 600G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 200G 0 part
├─sdb3 8:19 0 1K 0 part
├─sdb5 8:21 0 100G 0 part
└─sdb6 8:22 0 80G 0 part
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# lsblk /dev/sdb
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
13107200 inodes, 52428800 blocks
2621440 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
1600 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb2 #对/dev/sdb2分区进行格式化操作，指定文件系统类型为"EXT3"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb2
/dev/sdb2: UUID="75c5448c-1c6f-4f5e-a044-209d5b8b8f4a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb2 #查看/dev/sdb2分区的文件系统类型
二.EXT系列文件系统专用管理工具-mke2fs
1>.mke2fs概述
mke2fs是ext系列文件系统专用管理工具，其常用参数如下:
-t {ext2|ext3|ext4}:
指定文件系统类型,默认创建的是ext2文件系统类型，而ext2的文件系统基本上被淘汰了，因为它不支持日志功能。
-b {1024|2048|4096}:
指定块大小
-L ‘LABEL’:
设置卷标
-j:
相当于"-t ext3",注意,这几个命令是等效的"mkfs.ext3 = mkfs -t ext3 = mke2fs -j = mke2fs -t ext3",生产环境推荐大家使用“mkfs.文件系统类型”的方式创建文件系统，比如"mkfs.xfs"
-i：
为数据空间中每多少个字节创建一个inode；不应该小于block大小
-N:
指定分区中创建多少个inode
-I:
一个inode记录占用的磁盘空间大小，128---4096
-m:
为管理人员预留磁盘空间占总空间的百分比，默认5%，在特定场景下需要可以调小，比如"0.1%"
-O FEATURE[,...]:
启用指定特性
-O ^FEATURE:
关闭指定特性
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mke2fs
Usage: mke2fs [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size]
[-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-J journal-options]
[-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes]
[-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os]
[-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory]
[-O feature[,...]] [-r fs-revision] [-E extended-option[,...]]
[-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] [-jnqvDFKSV] device [blocks-count]
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mke2fs #想要查看更详细的文档可参考"man mke2fs"信息
2>.mke2fs默认创建的是ext2文件系统类型
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 600G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 200G 0 part
├─sdb3 8:19 0 1K 0 part
├─sdb5 8:21 0 100G 0 part
└─sdb6 8:22 0 80G 0 part
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# lsblk /dev/sdb
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mke2fs /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214400 blocks
1310720 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mke2fs /dev/sdb1 #我们在使用mke2fs时没有使用"-t"选项指定文件系统类型，默认会帮咱们格式化为"EXT2"类型
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d5819b04-a9c3-4a10-a09c-ed1284c36658" TYPE="ext2"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1 #查看该分区的文件系统类型
3>.创建文件系统时自定义块(block)大小
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 600G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 200G 0 part
├─sdb3 8:19 0 1K 0 part
├─sdb5 8:21 0 100G 0 part
└─sdb6 8:22 0 80G 0 part
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# lsblk /dev/sdb
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 1024 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 104857600 blocks
5242880 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=138412032
12800 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
512 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409, 663553,
1024001, 1990657, 2809857, 5120001, 5971969, 17915905, 19668993,
25600001, 53747713
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 1024 /dev/sdb5 #创建EXT4文件系统时自定义块大小为1024
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb5
/dev/sdb5: UUID="d65349e8-3c72-4cc3-a7f4-406cfa2c7d29" TYPE="ext4"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb5
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb5
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: d65349e8-3c72-4cc3-a7f4-406cfa2c7d29
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 6553600
Block count: 104857600
Reserved block count: 5242880
Free blocks: 103140734
Free inodes: 6553589
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 512
Inode blocks per group: 128
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 06:01:07 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 06:01:08 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 06:01:07 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 34 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 7205ff80-a245-4335-b2f3-15c1eebf75e8
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb5 #查看块大小为1024
4>.指定预留空间的百分比
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 1024 -m 0.1 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 104857600 blocks
104857 blocks (0.10%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=138412032
12800 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
512 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409, 663553,
1024001, 1990657, 2809857, 5120001, 5971969, 17915905, 19668993,
25600001, 53747713
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 1024 -m 0.1 /dev/sdb5 #指定块大小为1024.并指定预留的空间为0.1%
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb5
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: 0e1581cf-51a9-4f5a-b1ad-635ac3364578
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 6553600
Block count: 104857600
Reserved block count: 104857
Free blocks: 103140734
Free inodes: 6553589
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 512
Inode blocks per group: 128
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 06:17:57 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 06:17:58 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 06:17:57 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 34 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: c9f747cb-080f-47b7-9af2-4b82205c6094
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb5
5>.指定卷标
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 600G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 200G 0 part
├─sdb3 8:19 0 1K 0 part
├─sdb5 8:21 0 100G 0 part
└─sdb6 8:22 0 80G 0 part
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# lsblk /dev/sdb
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 1024 -m 0.1 -L "/mnt/sdb6" /dev/sdb6
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=/mnt/sdb6
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
5242880 inodes, 83886080 blocks
83886 blocks (0.10%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=117440512
10240 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
512 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409, 663553,
1024001, 1990657, 2809857, 5120001, 5971969, 17915905, 19668993,
25600001, 53747713
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 1024 -m 0.1 -L "/mnt/sdb6" /dev/sdb6
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb6
/dev/sdb6: LABEL="/mnt/sdb6" UUID="27589e56-158f-4898-91f9-3d052b5978d7" TYPE="ext4"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb6
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb6
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: /mnt/sdb6
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: 27589e56-158f-4898-91f9-3d052b5978d7
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 5242880
Block count: 83886080
Reserved block count: 83886
Free blocks: 82505054
Free inodes: 5242869
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 512
Inode blocks per group: 128
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 12:52:41 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 12:52:42 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 12:52:41 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 34 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: d8d16075-4b5b-416a-bd87-919bbf8505a4
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb6
温馨提示:
我们可以使用设备名(比如/dev/sdb6),卷标名(比如“/mnt/sdb6”),UUID来表示一个分区，但我们推荐使用后者，因为UUID可以唯一标识一个设备，而设备名和卷标名并不能唯一标识。比如删除第一个分区时，后面的所有分区编号均会发生变化。
6>.为数据空间中每多少字节创建一个inode(不应该小于块大小)
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs.ext4 -i 1024 -b 4096 /dev/sdb6
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
83886080 inodes, 20971520 blocks
1048576 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=557842432
2560 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
32768 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8192, 24576, 40960, 57344, 73728, 204800, 221184, 401408, 663552,
1024000, 1990656, 2809856, 5120000, 5971968, 17915904, 19668992
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs.ext4 -i 1024 -b 4096 /dev/sdb6 #我们将inode的大小设置小于块大小是毫无意义的，因为这意味着很多空间将无法使用，因为一个inode最少要占用一个block。
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb6
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: b07c5586-5b05-4334-91d2-599098f3e222
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 83886080
Block count: 20971520
Reserved block count: 1048576
Free blocks: 15672641
Free inodes: 83886069
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 1024
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 32768
Inode blocks per group: 2048
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 13:02:27 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 13:02:29 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 13:02:27 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 135 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 62d5b9a5-db23-4cec-9c14-dbd1b7499870
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb6 #我们会发现节点数量(Inode count)要远远大于块数量(Block count)
温馨提示:
上面我有意将inode大小设置的比block大小要小，其实这样做是毫无意义的，我们通过tune2fs命令也可以看出最终的结果是indoe数量要比block数量要大。
我们知道一个块大小是存储的基本单元，而一个inode就得占用一个块来存储，而在block数量小于inode数量的情况下，我们会发现在存储数据时，inode还没有使用完，block会先被使用完啦。
7>.指定分区中创建多少个inode
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs.ext4 -N 65536 -b 4096 /dev/sdb6
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
71680 inodes, 20971520 blocks
1048576 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2168455168
640 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
112 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs.ext4 -N 65536 -b 4096 /dev/sdb6
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb6
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: ffaaa3c4-cb73-4d7c-af57-6b2cc24a1929
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 71680
Block count: 20971520
Reserved block count: 1048576
Free blocks: 20918496
Free inodes: 71669
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 1024
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 112
Inode blocks per group: 7
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 13:13:31 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 13:13:32 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 13:13:31 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 132 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: f424d3ee-64c5-4bdc-96dd-2525621d38e3
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb6
三.重新设定EXT系列文件系统可调整参数的值-tune2f2
1>.tune2fs概述
tune2fs是用于重新设定ext系列文件系统可调整参数的值，其常用参数如下:
-l:
查看指定文件系统超级块信息；super block
-L:
'LABEL‘修改卷标
-m:
修预留给管理员的空间百分比
-j:
将ext2升级为ext3
-O:
文件系统属性启用或禁用,–O ^has_journal
-o:
调整文件系统的默认挂载选项，–o ^acl
-U UUID:
修改UUID号
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Usage: tune2fs [-c max_mounts_count] [-e errors_behavior] [-g group]
[-i interval[d|m|w]] [-j] [-J journal_options] [-l]
[-m reserved_blocks_percent] [-o [^]mount_options[,...]] [-p mmp_update_interval]
[-r reserved_blocks_count] [-u user] [-C mount_count] [-L volume_label]
[-M last_mounted_dir] [-O [^]feature[,...]]
[-E extended-option[,...]] [-T last_check_time] [-U UUID]
[ -I new_inode_size ] device
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs #想要查看更详细的文档可参考"man tune2fs"的帮助信息
2>.查看指定文件系统超级块信息
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: d5819b04-a9c3-4a10-a09c-ed1284c36658
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super large_file #很明显。EXT2文件系统类型是不支持日志功能的，因为它没有"has_journal"功能。
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl #默认的挂载选项，在CentOS 7默认支持ACL功能，但是在CentOS 6默认为"none"(这意味着如果CentOS 6.x在挂载时没有指定ACL选项就无法使用ACL功能)
Filesystem state: clean #文件系统状态为"clean"表示文件系统是没有问题的，若文件系统出现问题时，该值为"no clean",需要使用相应的工具进行修复。
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 6553600 #Inode的总数量
Block count: 26214400 #块的数量
Reserved block count: 1310720 #保留的块数量，默认是"5%"，生产环境可以自行调整。
Free blocks: 25787819 #空闲的blocks数量
Free inodes: 6553589 #Inode的空闲数量
First block: 0
Block size: 4096 #块的大小
Fragment size: 4096
Reserved GDT blocks: 1017
Blocks per group: 32768 #每个组有多少个块
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 8192
Inode blocks per group: 512
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 05:37:08 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 05:37:50 2020
Mount count: 0 #挂载次数
Maximum mount count: -1 #最大挂载次数
Last checked: Wed May 27 05:37:08 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>) #检查间隔
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256 #一个Inode记录占用磁盘空间大小默认是256个字节。我们可以自定义该inode占用空间大小，取值范围[128,4096],通常情况下保持默认即可。
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 4256aab3-4776-4711-8aee-1bcb4f54cc39
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
3>.文件系统启用功能(为ext2文件系统指定日志功能会变成ext3文件系统)
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d5819b04-a9c3-4a10-a09c-ed1284c36658" TYPE="ext2"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: d5819b04-a9c3-4a10-a09c-ed1284c36658
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super large_file
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 6553600
Block count: 26214400
Reserved block count: 1310720
Free blocks: 25787819
Free inodes: 6553589
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Reserved GDT blocks: 1017
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 8192
Inode blocks per group: 512
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 05:37:08 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 05:37:50 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 05:37:08 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 4256aab3-4776-4711-8aee-1bcb4f54cc39
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -O has_journal /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Creating journal inode: done
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -O has_journal /dev/sdb1
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: d5819b04-a9c3-4a10-a09c-ed1284c36658
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super large_file
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 6553600
Block count: 26214400
Reserved block count: 1310720
Free blocks: 25755018
Free inodes: 6553589
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Reserved GDT blocks: 1017
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 8192
Inode blocks per group: 512
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 05:37:08 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 13:17:30 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 05:37:08 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 4256aab3-4776-4711-8aee-1bcb4f54cc39
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d5819b04-a9c3-4a10-a09c-ed1284c36658" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
4>.文件系统禁用has_journal功能(为ext3文件系统去掉日志功能会编程ext2文件系统)
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d5819b04-a9c3-4a10-a09c-ed1284c36658" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: d5819b04-a9c3-4a10-a09c-ed1284c36658
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super large_file
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 6553600
Block count: 26214400
Reserved block count: 1310720
Free blocks: 25755018
Free inodes: 6553589
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Reserved GDT blocks: 1017
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 8192
Inode blocks per group: 512
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 05:37:08 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 13:17:30 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 05:37:08 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 4256aab3-4776-4711-8aee-1bcb4f54cc39
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sdb1
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: d5819b04-a9c3-4a10-a09c-ed1284c36658
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super large_file
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 6553600
Block count: 26214400
Reserved block count: 1310720
Free blocks: 25787819
Free inodes: 6553589
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Reserved GDT blocks: 1017
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 8192
Inode blocks per group: 512
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 05:37:08 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 13:24:20 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 05:37:08 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 4256aab3-4776-4711-8aee-1bcb4f54cc39
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d5819b04-a9c3-4a10-a09c-ed1284c36658" TYPE="ext2"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
四.EXT系统文件系列块分组管理-dumpe2fs
1>.默认显示分组信息
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb5
dumpe2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: 0e1581cf-51a9-4f5a-b1ad-635ac3364578
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 6553600
Block count: 104857600
Reserved block count: 104857
Free blocks: 103140734
Free inodes: 6553589
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 512
Inode blocks per group: 128
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 06:17:57 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 06:17:58 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 06:17:57 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 34 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: c9f747cb-080f-47b7-9af2-4b82205c6094
Journal backup: inode blocks
Journal features: (none)
Journal size: 32M
Journal length: 32768
Journal sequence: 0x00000001
Journal start: 0
Group 0: (Blocks 1-8192)
Checksum 0x2b44, unused inodes 501
Primary superblock at 1, Group descriptors at 2-801
Reserved GDT blocks at 802-1057
Block bitmap at 1058 (+1057), Inode bitmap at 1074 (+1073)
Inode table at 1090-1217 (+1089)
5041 free blocks, 501 free inodes, 2 directories, 501 unused inodes
Free blocks: 3152-8192
Free inodes: 12-512
Group 1: (Blocks 8193-16384) [INODE_UNINIT]
Checksum 0x2b24, unused inodes 512
Backup superblock at 8193, Group descriptors at 8194-8993
Reserved GDT blocks at 8994-9249
Block bitmap at 1059 (bg #0 + 1058), Inode bitmap at 1075 (bg #0 + 1074)
Inode table at 1218-1345 (bg #0 + 1217)
7135 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 9250-16384
Free inodes: 513-1024
Group 2: (Blocks 16385-24576) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]
Checksum 0x708b, unused inodes 512
Block bitmap at 1060 (bg #0 + 1059), Inode bitmap at 1076 (bg #0 + 1075)
Inode table at 1346-1473 (bg #0 + 1345)
8192 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 16385-24576
Free inodes: 1025-1536
Group 3: (Blocks 24577-32768) [INODE_UNINIT]
Checksum 0xc014, unused inodes 512
Backup superblock at 24577, Group descriptors at 24578-25377
Reserved GDT blocks at 25378-25633
Block bitmap at 1061 (bg #0 + 1060), Inode bitmap at 1077 (bg #0 + 1076)
Inode table at 1474-1601 (bg #0 + 1473)
7135 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 25634-32768
Free inodes: 1537-2048
Group 4: (Blocks 32769-40960) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]
Checksum 0xc5c7, unused inodes 512
Block bitmap at 1062 (bg #0 + 1061), Inode bitmap at 1078 (bg #0 + 1077)
Inode table at 1602-1729 (bg #0 + 1601)
8192 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 32769-40960
Free inodes: 2049-2560
Group 5: (Blocks 40961-49152) [INODE_UNINIT]
Checksum 0x7558, unused inodes 512
Backup superblock at 40961, Group descriptors at 40962-41761
Reserved GDT blocks at 41762-42017
Block bitmap at 1063 (bg #0 + 1062), Inode bitmap at 1079 (bg #0 + 1078)
Inode table at 1730-1857 (bg #0 + 1729)
7135 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 42018-49152
Free inodes: 2561-3072
Group 6: (Blocks 49153-57344) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]
Checksum 0xe6e8, unused inodes 512
Block bitmap at 1064 (bg #0 + 1063), Inode bitmap at 1080 (bg #0 + 1079)
Inode table at 1858-1985 (bg #0 + 1857)
8192 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 49153-57344
Free inodes: 3073-3584
Group 7: (Blocks 57345-65536) [INODE_UNINIT]
Checksum 0x5677, unused inodes 512
Backup superblock at 57345, Group descriptors at 57346-58145
Reserved GDT blocks at 58146-58401
Block bitmap at 1065 (bg #0 + 1064), Inode bitmap at 1081 (bg #0 + 1080)
Inode table at 1986-2113 (bg #0 + 1985)
7135 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 58402-65536
Free inodes: 3585-4096
Group 8: (Blocks 65537-73728) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]
Checksum 0x0b8f, unused inodes 512
Block bitmap at 1066 (bg #0 + 1065), Inode bitmap at 1082 (bg #0 + 1081)
Inode table at 2114-2241 (bg #0 + 2113)
8192 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 65537-73728
Free inodes: 4097-4608
Group 9: (Blocks 73729-81920) [INODE_UNINIT]
Checksum 0xbb10, unused inodes 512
Backup superblock at 73729, Group descriptors at 73730-74529
Reserved GDT blocks at 74530-74785
Block bitmap at 1067 (bg #0 + 1066), Inode bitmap at 1083 (bg #0 + 1082)
Inode table at 2242-2369 (bg #0 + 2241)
7135 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 74786-81920
Free inodes: 4609-5120
Group 10: (Blocks 81921-90112) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]
Checksum 0xe0bf, unused inodes 512
Block bitmap at 1068 (bg #0 + 1067), Inode bitmap at 1084 (bg #0 + 1083)
......
Group 12796: (Blocks 104824833-104833024) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]
Checksum 0x82eb, unused inodes 512
Block bitmap at 104726541 (bg #12784 + 12), Inode bitmap at 104726557 (bg #12784 + 28)
Inode table at 104728097-104728224 (bg #12784 + 1568)
8192 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 104824833-104833024
Free inodes: 6551553-6552064
Group 12797: (Blocks 104833025-104841216) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]
Checksum 0xf773, unused inodes 512
Block bitmap at 104726542 (bg #12784 + 13), Inode bitmap at 104726558 (bg #12784 + 29)
Inode table at 104728225-104728352 (bg #12784 + 1696)
8192 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 104833025-104841216
Free inodes: 6552065-6552576
Group 12798: (Blocks 104841217-104849408) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]
Checksum 0xadd5, unused inodes 512
Block bitmap at 104726543 (bg #12784 + 14), Inode bitmap at 104726559 (bg #12784 + 30)
Inode table at 104728353-104728480 (bg #12784 + 1824)
8192 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 104841217-104849408
Free inodes: 6552577-6553088
Group 12799: (Blocks 104849409-104857599) [INODE_UNINIT]
Checksum 0xea16, unused inodes 512
Block bitmap at 104726544 (bg #12784 + 15), Inode bitmap at 104726560 (bg #12784 + 31)
Inode table at 104728481-104728608 (bg #12784 + 1952)
8191 free blocks, 512 free inodes, 0 directories, 512 unused inodes
Free blocks: 104849409-104857599
Free inodes: 6553089-6553600
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb5
2>.查看超级块信息，不显示分组信息(等效于"tune2fs -l"选项)
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# dumpe2fs -h /dev/sdb5
dumpe2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: 0e1581cf-51a9-4f5a-b1ad-635ac3364578
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 6553600
Block count: 104857600
Reserved block count: 104857
Free blocks: 103140734
Free inodes: 6553589
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 512
Inode blocks per group: 128
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 06:17:57 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 06:17:58 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 06:17:57 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 34 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: c9f747cb-080f-47b7-9af2-4b82205c6094
Journal backup: inode blocks
Journal features: (none)
Journal size: 32M
Journal length: 32768
Journal sequence: 0x00000001
Journal start: 0
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# dumpe2fs -h /dev/sdb5
五.创建CentOS 7默认的XFS文件系统
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1 #如果"/dev/sdb1"这个分区已经有文件系统了，此时我们想要创建XFS文件系统需要加"-f"参数强制创建XFS文件系统。
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6553600 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=26214400, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=12800, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
六.管理ext系列文件系统的LABEL工具-e2lable
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb2
/dev/sdb2: UUID="15028503-abd5-4bc7-9e35-2e745662d42d" TYPE="ext4"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# e2label /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sdb2 #为EXT系列的文件系统加卷标
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb2
/dev/sdb2: LABEL="/mnt/sdb2" UUID="15028503-abd5-4bc7-9e35-2e745662d42d" TYPE="ext4"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
七.块设备属性信息查看-blkid
1>.blkid帮助信息
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid -help
blkid from util-linux 2.23.2 (libblkid 2.23.0, 25-Apr-2013)
Usage:
blkid -L <label> | -U <uuid>
blkid [-c <file>] [-ghlLv] [-o <format>] [-s <tag>]
[-t <token>] [<dev> ...]
blkid -p [-s <tag>] [-O <offset>] [-S <size>]
[-o <format>] <dev> ...
blkid -i [-s <tag>] [-o <format>] <dev> ...
Options:
-c <file> read from <file> instead of reading from the default
cache file (-c /dev/null means no cache)
-d don't encode non-printing characters
-h print this usage message and exit
-g garbage collect the blkid cache
-o <format> output format; can be one of:
value, device, export or full; (default: full)
-k list all known filesystems/RAIDs and exit
-s <tag> show specified tag(s) (default show all tags)
-t <token> find device with a specific token (NAME=value pair)
-l look up only first device with token specified by -t
-L <label> convert LABEL to device name
-U <uuid> convert UUID to device name
-V print version and exit
<dev> specify device(s) to probe (default: all devices)
Low-level probing options:
-p low-level superblocks probing (bypass cache)
-i gather information about I/O limits
-S <size> overwrite device size
-O <offset> probe at the given offset
-u <list> filter by "usage" (e.g. -u filesystem,raid)
-n <list> filter by filesystem type (e.g. -n vfat,ext3)
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid -help #想要查看更详细的帮助文档可参考"man blkid"
2>.blkid默认查看所有的设备属性信息
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid
/dev/sdb1: UUID="da883b9f-c5e6-4dee-8376-dfbae3eac795" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdb2: LABEL="/mnt/sdb2" UUID="15028503-abd5-4bc7-9e35-2e745662d42d" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb5: UUID="0e1581cf-51a9-4f5a-b1ad-635ac3364578" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="1865a93f-6113-4097-89dc-8c4ea5fdf68c" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="e85154fa-bbc8-43c1-90f0-676000195a97"
/dev/sda3: UUID="lNmzXe-Whhd-NTtI-C55A-7m4x-CudG-1Q556q" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="fa2e251a-d220-415f-acc7-da94b7a2d1b4"
/dev/sdb6: UUID="ffaaa3c4-cb73-4d7c-af57-6b2cc24a1929" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="c0160ecb-06e4-497e-813c-53690b4a6109" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-yinzhengjie: UUID="6a2643fb-8d55-44cd-b41e-b5f2709ef855" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda1: PARTUUID="8f500d9c-87b9-421d-8ce0-8c385b73bf08"
/dev/sda4: PARTUUID="814caa31-3a7e-499d-8b7d-cc3017473ba8"
/dev/sdc1: PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="c79743bd-f7de-43da-8c4f-5f4380b215a4"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid
3>.根据指定的LABEL来查找对应的设备
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid
/dev/sdb1: UUID="da883b9f-c5e6-4dee-8376-dfbae3eac795" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdb2: LABEL="/mnt/sdb2" UUID="15028503-abd5-4bc7-9e35-2e745662d42d" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb5: UUID="0e1581cf-51a9-4f5a-b1ad-635ac3364578" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="1865a93f-6113-4097-89dc-8c4ea5fdf68c" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="e85154fa-bbc8-43c1-90f0-676000195a97"
/dev/sda3: UUID="lNmzXe-Whhd-NTtI-C55A-7m4x-CudG-1Q556q" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="fa2e251a-d220-415f-acc7-da94b7a2d1b4"
/dev/sdb6: UUID="ffaaa3c4-cb73-4d7c-af57-6b2cc24a1929" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="c0160ecb-06e4-497e-813c-53690b4a6109" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-yinzhengjie: UUID="6a2643fb-8d55-44cd-b41e-b5f2709ef855" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda1: PARTUUID="8f500d9c-87b9-421d-8ce0-8c385b73bf08"
/dev/sda4: PARTUUID="814caa31-3a7e-499d-8b7d-cc3017473ba8"
/dev/sdc1: PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="c79743bd-f7de-43da-8c4f-5f4380b215a4"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid -L /mnt/sdb2
/dev/sdb2
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid -L /mnt/sdb2
4>.根据指定的UUID来查找对应的设备案例(找到"/boot"对应的设备名称)
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jan 20 04:18:36 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=1865a93f-6113-4097-89dc-8c4ea5fdf68c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-yinzhengjie /yinzhengjie xfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime 0 0
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# sed -rn 's#^UUID=(.*) /boot .*#1#p' /etc/fstab
1865a93f-6113-4097-89dc-8c4ea5fdf68c
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid -U `sed -rn 's#^UUID=(.*) /boot .*#1#p' /etc/fstab`
/dev/sda2
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid -U sed -rn 's#^UUID=(.*) /boot .*#\1#p' /etc/fstab #解法一
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jan 20 04:18:36 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=1865a93f-6113-4097-89dc-8c4ea5fdf68c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-yinzhengjie /yinzhengjie xfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime 0 0
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# grep "/boot" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $1}' | awk -F "=" '{print $2}'
1865a93f-6113-4097-89dc-8c4ea5fdf68c
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid -U `grep "/boot" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $1}' | awk -F "=" '{print $2}'`
/dev/sda2
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid -U grep "/boot" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $1}' | awk -F "=" '{print $2}' #解法二
七.查找分区工具-findfs
1>.findfs帮助信息
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# findfs -h
Usage:
findfs [options] {LABEL,UUID,PARTUUID,PARTLABEL}=<value>
Options:
-h, --help display this help and exit
-V, --version output version information and exit
For more details see findfs(8).
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# findfs -h #更多信息参考"man findfs"帮助信息
2>.根据指定的LABEL来查找对应的设备
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid
/dev/sdb1: UUID="da883b9f-c5e6-4dee-8376-dfbae3eac795" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdb2: LABEL="/mnt/sdb2" UUID="15028503-abd5-4bc7-9e35-2e745662d42d" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb5: UUID="0e1581cf-51a9-4f5a-b1ad-635ac3364578" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="1865a93f-6113-4097-89dc-8c4ea5fdf68c" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="e85154fa-bbc8-43c1-90f0-676000195a97"
/dev/sda3: UUID="lNmzXe-Whhd-NTtI-C55A-7m4x-CudG-1Q556q" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="fa2e251a-d220-415f-acc7-da94b7a2d1b4"
/dev/sdb6: UUID="ffaaa3c4-cb73-4d7c-af57-6b2cc24a1929" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="c0160ecb-06e4-497e-813c-53690b4a6109" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-yinzhengjie: UUID="6a2643fb-8d55-44cd-b41e-b5f2709ef855" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda1: PARTUUID="8f500d9c-87b9-421d-8ce0-8c385b73bf08"
/dev/sda4: PARTUUID="814caa31-3a7e-499d-8b7d-cc3017473ba8"
/dev/sdc1: PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="c79743bd-f7de-43da-8c4f-5f4380b215a4"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# findfs LABEL=/mnt/sdb2
/dev/sdb2
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# findfs LABEL=/mnt/sdb2
3>.根据指定的UUID来查找对应的设备案例(找到"/boot"对应的设备名称)
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jan 20 04:18:36 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=1865a93f-6113-4097-89dc-8c4ea5fdf68c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-yinzhengjie /yinzhengjie xfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime 0 0
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# findfs UUID=`sed -rn 's#^UUID=(.*) /boot .*#1#p' /etc/fstab`
/dev/sda2
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# findfs UUID=sed -rn 's#^UUID=(.*) /boot .*#\1#p' /etc/fstab
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jan 20 04:18:36 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=1865a93f-6113-4097-89dc-8c4ea5fdf68c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-yinzhengjie /yinzhengjie xfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime 0 0
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# findfs UUID=`sed -rn 's#^UUID=(.*) /boot .*#1#p' /etc/fstab`
/dev/sda2
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# findfs UUID=`grep "/boot" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $1}' | awk -F "=" '{print $2}'`
/dev/sda2
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# findfs UUID=grep "/boot" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $1}' | awk -F "=" '{print $2}'
八.文件系统检测和修复
文件系统故障常发生于死机或者非正常关机之后,挂载为文件系统标记为“no clean”
温馨提示:
一定不要在挂载状态下修复
1>.挂载文件系统
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 600G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 200G 0 part
├─sdb3 8:19 0 1K 0 part
├─sdb5 8:21 0 100G 0 part
└─sdb6 8:22 0 80G 0 part
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# lsblk /dev/sdb
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb5
/dev/sdb5: UUID="0e1581cf-51a9-4f5a-b1ad-635ac3364578" TYPE="ext4"
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# blkid /dev/sdb5
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 500G 3.5G 497G 1% /
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 12M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 1014M 133M 882M 14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-yinzhengjie 1.6T 416M 1.6T 1% /yinzhengjie
tmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% /run/user/0
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 500G 3.5G 497G 1% /
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 12M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 1014M 133M 882M 14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-yinzhengjie 1.6T 416M 1.6T 1% /yinzhengjie
tmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb5 99G 4.8M 99G 1% /mnt
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb5
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: 0e1581cf-51a9-4f5a-b1ad-635ac3364578
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 6553600
Block count: 104857600
Reserved block count: 104857
Free blocks: 103140734
Free inodes: 6553589
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 512
Inode blocks per group: 128
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 06:17:57 2020
Last mount time: Wed May 27 14:21:59 2020
Last write time: Wed May 27 14:21:59 2020
Mount count: 1
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 06:17:57 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 34 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: c9f747cb-080f-47b7-9af2-4b82205c6094
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb5
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# cp -r /etc/ /mnt/
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# ll /mnt/
total 17
drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 5120 May 27 14:32 etc
drwx------ 2 root root 12288 May 27 06:17 lost+found
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# ls /mnt/etc/
adjtime csh.cshrc gnupg krb5.conf my.cnf printcap rwtab sysctl.conf
aliases csh.login GREP_COLORS krb5.conf.d my.cnf.d profile rwtab.d sysctl.conf-2020-01-20
aliases.db dbus-1 groff ld.so.cache NetworkManager profile.d sasl2 sysctl.d
alternatives default group ld.so.conf networks protocols securetty systemd
anacrontab depmod.d group- ld.so.conf.d nsswitch.conf python security system-release
asound.conf dhcp grub2.cfg libaudit.conf nsswitch.conf.bak rc0.d selinux system-release-cpe
audisp DIR_COLORS grub.d libnl nsswitch.conf.rpmnew rc1.d services terminfo
audit DIR_COLORS.256color gshadow libuser.conf ntp rc2.d sestatus.conf tmpfiles.d
bash_completion.d DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor gshadow- locale.conf openldap rc3.d shadow tuned
bashrc docker gss localtime opt rc4.d shadow- udev
binfmt.d dracut.conf host.conf login.defs os-release rc5.d shells vconsole.conf
centos-release dracut.conf.d hostname logrotate.conf pam.d rc6.d skel vimrc
centos-release-upstream e2fsck.conf hosts logrotate.d passwd rc.d ssh virc
chkconfig.d environment hosts.allow lvm passwd- rc.local ssl wgetrc
containerd ethertypes hosts.deny machine-id pkcs11 redhat-release statetab wpa_supplicant
cron.d exports init.d magic pki redis.conf statetab.d X11
cron.daily favicon.png inittab makedumpfile.conf.sample plymouth redis-sentinel.conf subgid xdg
cron.deny filesystems inputrc man_db.conf pm resolv.conf subuid xinetd.d
cron.hourly firewalld iproute2 mke2fs.conf polkit-1 resolv.conf.save sudo.conf yum
cron.monthly fstab issue modprobe.d popt.d rpc sudoers yum.conf
crontab gcrypt issue.net modules-load.d postfix rpm sudoers.d yum.repos.d
cron.weekly GeoIP.conf kdump.conf motd ppp rsyslog.conf sudo-ldap.conf
crypttab GeoIP.conf.default kernel mtab prelink.conf.d rsyslog.d sysconfig
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# cp -r /etc/ /mnt/
2>.模拟破坏文件系统
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb5 bs=1M count=3 #破坏文件系统时并不需要把整个硬盘全部清0，我们可以只把前面一部分数据清空即可， 比如我只将该分区的前3M数据清空。
3+0 records in
3+0 records out
3145728 bytes (3.1 MB) copied, 0.292628 s, 10.7 MB/s
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# [root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb5 #很明显，我们发现tune2fs工具已经无法查看超级快(super block)信息啦~
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
tune2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb5
Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
3>.修复文件系统(数据依旧丢失)
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 500G 3.5G 497G 1% /
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 12M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 1014M 133M 882M 14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-yinzhengjie 1.6T 416M 1.6T 1% /yinzhengjie
tmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb5 16Z 16Z 99G 100% /mnt
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# umount /mnt/
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 500G 3.5G 497G 1% /
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 12M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 1014M 133M 882M 14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-yinzhengjie 1.6T 416M 1.6T 1% /yinzhengjie
tmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% /run/user/0
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# umount /mnt/ #先卸载
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# fsck -y /dev/sdb5
fsck from util-linux 2.23.2
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
/dev/sdb5 was not cleanly unmounted, check forced.
Resize inode not valid. Recreate? yes
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Root inode is not a directory. Clear? yes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Entry '..' in <2>/<2424833> (2424833) has deleted/unused inode 2. Clear? yes
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Root inode not allocated. Allocate? yes
Unconnected directory inode 2424833 (...)
Connect to /lost+found? yes
/lost+found not found. Create? yes
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Inode 2424833 ref count is 78, should be 77. Fix? yes
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
Block bitmap differences: +(1--3138) +(8193--9249) +(9281--9284) +(9297--9312) +(9329--9344) +(10241--17997) +(18433--22273) +(22529--25633) +(26625--30465) +(32769--34561
) +(40961--42017) +(57345--58401) +(73729--74785) -(52305921--52338688)Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #0 (5039, counted=5052).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #1 (7135, counted=955).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #2 (8192, counted=690).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #3 (7135, counted=3294).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4 (8192, counted=6399).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4736 (6112, counted=6076).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4737 (8192, counted=7136).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4752 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4753 (8192, counted=7996).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4768 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4769 (8192, counted=7213).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4784 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4785 (8192, counted=7955).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4800 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4801 (8192, counted=7513).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4816 (6112, counted=6071).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4817 (8192, counted=5555).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4832 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4833 (8192, counted=7621).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4848 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4849 (8192, counted=7672).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4864 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4865 (8192, counted=7704).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4880 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4881 (8192, counted=7683).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4896 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4897 (8192, counted=7703).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4912 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4913 (8192, counted=7684).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4928 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4929 (8192, counted=7735).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4944 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4945 (8192, counted=7678).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4960 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4961 (8192, counted=7651).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4976 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4977 (8192, counted=7630).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4992 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #4993 (8192, counted=7590).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #5008 (6112, counted=6080).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #5009 (8192, counted=7610).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #5024 (6112, counted=6089).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #5025 (8192, counted=8001).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #6385 (0, counted=8192).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #6386 (0, counted=8192).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #6387 (0, counted=8192).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #6388 (0, counted=8192).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong (103107964, counted=103108499).
Fix? yes
Inode bitmap differences: +1 +(3--10)
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #0 (500, counted=501).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #0 (3, counted=2).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4736 (512, counted=252).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4736 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4752 (512, counted=420).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4752 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4768 (512, counted=431).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4768 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4784 (512, counted=393).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4784 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4800 (512, counted=412).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4800 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4816 (512, counted=375).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4816 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4832 (512, counted=384).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4832 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4848 (512, counted=384).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4848 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4864 (512, counted=384).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4864 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4880 (512, counted=384).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4880 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4896 (512, counted=384).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4896 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4912 (512, counted=384).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4912 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4928 (512, counted=385).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4928 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4944 (512, counted=384).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4944 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4960 (512, counted=384).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4960 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4976 (512, counted=384).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4976 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #4992 (512, counted=384).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #4992 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #5008 (512, counted=387).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #5008 (0, counted=32).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #5024 (512, counted=457).
Fix? yes
Directories count wrong for group #5024 (0, counted=23).
Fix? yes
Free inodes count wrong (6553588, counted=6551213).
Fix? yes
/dev/sdb5: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/dev/sdb5: 2387/6553600 files (0.3% non-contiguous), 1749101/104857600 blocks
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# fsck -y /dev/sdb5 #让其自动修复文件系统
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb5
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: 0e1581cf-51a9-4f5a-b1ad-635ac3364578
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 6553600
Block count: 104857600
Reserved block count: 104857
Free blocks: 103108499
Free inodes: 6551213
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 512
Inode blocks per group: 128
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Wed May 27 06:17:57 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed May 27 14:41:08 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed May 27 14:39:37 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 94 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: c9f747cb-080f-47b7-9af2-4b82205c6094
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb5 #文件系统修复成功啦~
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt #文件系统修复成功就可以再次挂载啦~
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# ll /mnt/ #Duang~我们发现文件系统的确是好使了，但是之前保存的数据已经全部丢失啦！因此，生产环境中一定要做好备份哟~
total 1
drwx------ 3 root root 1024 May 27 14:39 lost+found
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
八.挂载文件系统
博主推荐阅读:
https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/12828901.html
