🍃前言
今天我们将对图书管理系统进行收尾工作,今天的开发任务有两个
- 实现统一数据返回格式
- 实现统一异常的处理
🎍统一数据返回格式
在【JavaEE进阶】图书管理系统开发日记——柒实现拦截器时,博主对数据的返回格式其实已经进行了封装
但是如果每一个接口都这样写,岂不太麻烦了一点儿。
其实spring boot为我们提供了统一数据格式返回的功能
🚩快速入门
统⼀的数据返回格式使⽤ @ControllerAdvice 和ResponseBodyAdvice 的⽅式实现@ControllerAdvice 表⽰控制器通知类
添加类 ResponseAdvice ,实现 ResponseBodyAdvice 接⼝,并在类上添加@ControllerAdvice 注解
@ControllerAdvice public class ResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice { @Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class converterType) { return true; } @Override public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) { return Result.success(body); } }
- supports方法:判断是否要执行beforeBodyWrite方法.true为执行,false不执行.通过该⽅法可以选择哪些类或哪些方法的response要进行处理,其他的不进行处理
从returnType获取类名和⽅法名 //获取执⾏的类 Class<?> declaringClass = returnType.getMethod().getDeclaringClass(); //获取执⾏的⽅法 Method method = returnType.getMethod();
- beforeBodyWrite方法:对response方法进行具体操作处理
接下来我们进行测试一下,我们先来看一下没有添加统一功能的时候的登录返回
添加统一功能返回后
但是此时如果运用到我们的项目中,是会出现问题的
🚩存在问题
这里我就不演示错误的情况了
这里直接给出结论,返回结果为String或i为Result类型时会出现错误
🎈问题原因
那么是什么原因造成的呢?
SpringMVC默认会注册⼀些⾃带的 HttpMessageConverter (从先后顺序排列分别为ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter ,
StringHttpMessageConverter , SourceHttpMessageConverter ,SourceHttpMessageConverter,AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter )
public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean { //... public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter() { this.messageConverters = new ArrayList<>(4); this.messageConverters.add(new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter()); this.messageConverters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter()); if (!shouldIgnoreXml) { try { this.messageConverters.add(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<>()); } catch (Error err) { // Ignore when no TransformerFactory implementation is available } } this.messageConverters.add(new AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter()); } //... }
其中AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter会根据项⽬依赖情况添加对应的HttpMessageConverter
public AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter() { if (!shouldIgnoreXml) { try { addPartConverter(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<>()); } catch (Error err) { // Ignore when no TransformerFactory implementation is available } if (jaxb2Present && !jackson2XmlPresent) { addPartConverter(new Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter()); } } if (kotlinSerializationJsonPresent) { addPartConverter(new KotlinSerializationJsonHttpMessageConverter()); } if (jackson2Present) { addPartConverter(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter()); } else if (gsonPresent) { addPartConverter(new GsonHttpMessageConverter()); } else if (jsonbPresent) { addPartConverter(new JsonbHttpMessageConverter()); } if (jackson2XmlPresent && !shouldIgnoreXml) { addPartConverter(new MappingJackson2XmlHttpMessageConverter()); } if (jackson2SmilePresent) { addPartConverter(new MappingJackson2SmileHttpMessageConverter()); } }
在依赖中引⼊jackson包后,容器会把MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter 自动注册到
messageConverters 链的末尾.
Spring会根据返回的数据类型,从 messageConverters 链选择合适的HttpMessageConverter .
当返回的数据是非字符串时,使用的MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter 写⼊返回对象.
当返回的数据是字符串时,StringHttpMessageConverter 会先被遍历到,这时会认为StringHttpMessageConverter 可以使用
public abstract class AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor extends AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver implements HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler { //...代码省略 protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(@Nullable T value, MethodParameter returnType, ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException { //...代码省略 if (selectedMediaType != null) { selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue(); for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) { GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter = (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null); if (genericConverter != null ? ((GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter).canWrite(targetType, valueType, selectedMediaType) : converter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) { //getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite 执⾏之后, body转换成了Result类型的 结果 body = getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(body, returnType, selectedMediaType, (Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass(), inputMessage, outputMessage); if (body != null) { Object theBody = body; LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn -> "Writing [" + LogFormatUtils.formatValue(theBody, !traceOn) + "]"); addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage); if (genericConverter != null) { genericConverter.write(body, targetType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage); } else { //此时cover为StringHttpMessageConverter ((HttpMessageConverter) converter).write(body, selectedMediaType, outputMessage); } } else { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Nothing to write: null body"); } } return; } } } //...代码省略 } //...代码省略 }
在 ((HttpMessageConverter) converter).write(body, selectedMediaType,outputMessage) 的处理中,调用父类的write方法
由于 StringHttpMessageConverter 重写了addDefaultHeaders方法,所以会执行⼦类的⽅法
然⽽⼦类 StringHttpMessageConverter 的addDefaultHeaders⽅法定义接收参数为String,此时t为Result类型,所以出现类型不匹配"Result cannot be cast to java.lang.String"的异常
🎈代码修改
如果⼀些⽅法返回的结果已经是Result类型了,那就直接返回Result类型的结果即可
如果是String类型,进行处理一下即可
@ControllerAdvice public class ResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice { @Autowired private ObjectMapper objectMapper; @Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class converterType) { return true; } @SneakyThrows @Override public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) { //在返回之前, 需要做的事情 //body 是返回的结果 if (body instanceof Result){ return body; } if (body instanceof String){ return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(Result.success(body)); } return Result.success(body); } }
🚩统一格式返回的优点
- ⽅便前端程序员更好的接收和解析后端数据接⼝返回的数据
- 降低前端程序员和后端程序员的沟通成本,按照某个格式实现就可以了,因为所有接⼝都是这样返回的.
- 有利于项⽬统⼀数据的维护和修改.
- 有利于后端技术部⻔的统⼀规范的标准制定,不会出现稀奇古怪的返回内容
🍀统一异常处理
统⼀异常处理使⽤的是 @ControllerAdvice+@ExceptionHandler 来实现的,
- @ControllerAdvice 表⽰控制器通知类
- @ExceptionHandler 是异常处理器,
两个结合表示当出现异常的时候执行某个通知,也就是执行某个方法事件
简单使用如下:
@ControllerAdvice @ResponseBody public class ErrorAdvice { @ExceptionHandler public Object handler(Exception e) { return Result.fail(e.getMessage()); } }
以上代码表⽰,如果代码出现Exception异常(包括Exception的⼦类),就返回⼀个Result的对象,
Result对象的设置参考博主对返回消息的包装Result.fail(e.getMessage())
public static Result fail(String msg) { Result result = new Result(); result.setStatus(ResultStatus.FAIL); result.setErrorMessage(msg); result.setData(""); return result; }
现在我们将它应用于项目中,我们需要针对不同的异常进行返回不同的结果
@ResponseBody @ControllerAdvice public class ErrorAdvice { @ExceptionHandler public Object handler(Exception e) { return Result.fail(e.getMessage()); } @ExceptionHandler public Object handler(NullPointerException e) { return Result.fail("发⽣NullPointerException:"+e.getMessage()); } @ExceptionHandler public Object handler(ArithmeticException e) { return Result.fail("发⽣ArithmeticException:"+e.getMessage()); } }
至此我们的图书管理系统后端开发已经完毕了,接下来由于我们统一了数据返回格式,所以我们需要对前端代码进行修改
🌲前端代码的修改
🚩登录页面
登录界⾯没有拦截,只是返回结果发⽣了变化,所以只需要根据返回结果修改对应代码即可
登录结果代码修改
function login() { $.ajax({ type: "post", url: "/user/login", data: { name: $("#userName").val(), password: $("#password").val() }, success: function (result) { if (result.status=="SUCCESS" && result.data==true) { location.href = "book_list.html"; } else { alert("账号或密码不正确!"); } } }); }
🚩图书列表
针对图书列表⻚有两处变化
- 拦截器进行了强制登录校验,如果校验失败,则http状态码返回401,此时会⾛ajax的error逻辑处理
- 接⼝返回结果发生了变化
图书列表代码修改:
function getBookList() { $.ajax({ type: "get", url: "/book/getListByPage"+location.search, success: function (result) { console.log(result); if (result == null || result.data == null) { location.href = "login.html"; return; } if (result != null) { var finalHtml = ""; var data = result.data; for (var book of data.records) { finalHtml += '<tr>'; finalHtml += '<td><input type="checkbox" name="selectBook" value="'+book.id+'" id="selectBook" class="book-select"></td>' finalHtml += '<td>' + book.id + '</td>'; finalHtml += '<td>' + book.bookName + '</td>'; finalHtml += '<td>' + book.author + '</td>'; finalHtml += '<td>' + book.count + '</td>'; finalHtml += '<td>' + book.price + '</td>'; finalHtml += '<td>' + book.publish + '</td>'; finalHtml += '<td>' + book.statusCN + '</td>'; finalHtml += '<td><div class="op">'; finalHtml += '<a href="book_update.html?bookId=' + book.id + '">修改</a>' finalHtml += '<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="deleteBook(' + book.id + ')">删除</a>' finalHtml += '</div></td>'; finalHtml += "</tr>"; } $("tbody").html(finalHtml); //翻页信息 $("#pageContainer").jqPaginator({ totalCounts: data.total, //总记录数 pageSize: 10, //每页的个数 visiblePages: 5, //可视页数 currentPage: data.pageRequest.currentPage, //当前页码 first: '<li class="page-item"><a class="page-link">首页</a></li>', prev: '<li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="javascript:void(0);">上一页<\/a><\/li>', next: '<li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="javascript:void(0);">下一页<\/a><\/li>', last: '<li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="javascript:void(0);">最后一页<\/a><\/li>', page: '<li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="javascript:void(0);">{{page}}<\/a><\/li>', //页面初始化和页码点击时都会执行 onPageChange: function (page, type) { console.log("第" + page + "⻚, 类型:" + type); if (type != 'init') { location.href = "book_list.html?currentPage=" + page; } } }); } }, error(error) { if(error.status == 401) { location.href = "login.html"; } } }); }
🚩删除图书
function deleteBook(id) { //...代码省略 success: function (result) { if(result.status=="SUCCESS" || result.data==""){ //重新刷新⻚⾯ location.href = "book_list.html" }else{ alert(result.data); } }, error: function (error) { if (error != null && error.status == 401) { //⽤⼾未登录 location.href = "login.html"; } } //...代码省略 }
🚩批量删除图书
function batchDelete() { var isDelete = confirm("确认批量删除?"); if (isDelete) { //获取复选框的id var ids = []; $("input:checkbox[name='selectBook']:checked").each(function () { ids.push($(this).val()); }); console.log(ids); //批量删除 $.ajax({ type: "post", url: "/book/batchDeleteBook?ids="+ids, success: function (result) { if (result.status=="SUCCESS" || result.data==true) { alert("删除成功"); //重新刷新⻚⾯ location.href = "book_list.html" } }, error: function (error) { if (error != null && error.status == 401) { //⽤⼾未登录 location.href = "login.html"; } } }); } }
🚩添加图书
function add() { $.ajax({ type: "post", url: "/book/addBook", data: $("#addBook").serialize(), success: function (result) { console.log(result); console.log(result.data); if (result.status == "SUCCESS" && result.data == "") { location.href = "book_list.html" } else { console.log(result); alert("添加失败:" + result.data); } }, error: function (error) { if (error != null && error.status == 401) { //⽤⼾未登录 alert("⽤⼾未登录"); location.href = "login.html"; } } }); }
🚩获取图书详情
$.ajax({ type:"get", url: "/book/queryBookById"+location.search, success:function(book){ if (result.status == "SUCCESS" && result.data != null) { var book = result.data; if (book != null) { $("#bookId").val(book.id); $("#bookName").val(book.bookName); $("#bookAuthor").val(book.author); $("#bookStock").val(book.count); $("#bookPrice").val(book.price); $("#bookPublisher").val(book.publish); $("#bookStatus").val(book.status); } } }, error: function (error) { if (error != null && error.status == 401) { //⽤⼾未登录 alert("⽤⼾未登录"); location.href = "login.html"; } } });
🚩修改图书
function update() { $.ajax({ type: "post", url: "/book/updateBook", data: $("#updateBook").serialize(), success: function (result) { if (result.status == "SUCCESS" || result.data == "") { location.href = "book_list.html" } else { console.log(result); alert("修改失败:" + result.data); } }, error: function (error) { if (error != null && error.status == 401) { //⽤⼾未登录 location.href = "login.html"; } } }); }
⭕总结
关于《【JavaEE进阶】 图书管理系统开发日记——捌》就讲解到这儿,图书管理系统到此也就开发完毕了,感谢大家的支持,欢迎各位留言交流以及批评指正,如果文章对您有帮助或者觉得作者写的还不错可以点一下关注,点赞,收藏支持一下!