一、介绍
Gatling 是一款基于 Scala 开发的高性能服务器性能测试工具，它主要用于对服务器进行负载等测试，并分析和测量服务器的各种性能指标。
它拥有以下特点：
- 支持
Akka Actors和 Async IO，从而能达到很高的性能； - 支持实时生成Html动态轻量报表，从而使报表更易阅读和进行数据分析；
- 支持DSL脚本，从而使测试脚本更易开发与维护；
- 支持录制并生成测试脚本，从而可以方便的生成测试脚本；
- 支持导入HAR（Http Archive）并生成测试脚本；
- 支持 Maven，Eclipse，IntelliJ 等，以便于开发；
- 支持Jenkins，以便于进行持续集成；
- 支持插件，从而可以扩展其功能，比如可以扩展对其他协议的支持；
- 开源免费，开箱即用。
二、 下载
下载地址：https://Gatling.io/open-source/start-testing/
三、目录结构
安装结构如下：
- bin ：目录下有2个脚本，Gatling 和 recorder， Gatling 用来运行测试；
- conf：Gatling自身的一些配置；
- lib：Gatling自身依赖的库文件；
- results：存放测试报告
- target：你启动运行组件后，Gatling 会为你编译好所有的 .scala 脚本，而编译后的 class 文件就会在这里
- user-files： 脚本存放位置
user-files/simulations，默认下载好的包会有几个官方的示例测试 Demo
四、脚本
当运行 gating 脚本的时候，其会扫描 user-files 目录下的所有文件，列出其中所有的 Simulation(一个测试类，里面可以包含任意多个测试场景)。
选择其中一个 Simulation，然后填写 Simulation ID 和运行描述，脚本列表如下：
挑选 AdvancedSimulationStep01.scala 脚本查看如下：
RANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package computerdatabase.advanced
import scala.concurrent.duration._
import io.gatling.core.Predef._
import io.gatling.http.Predef._
class AdvancedSimulationStep01 extends Simulation {
// Let's split this big scenario into composable business processes, like one would do with PageObject pattern with Selenium
// object are native Scala singletons
object Search {
val search = exec(
http("Home") // let's give proper names, they are displayed in the reports, and used as keys
.get("/")
).pause(1) // let's set the pauses to 1 sec for demo purpose
.exec(
http("Search")
.get("/computers?f=macbook")
)
.pause(1)
.exec(
http("Select")
.get("/computers/6")
)
.pause(1)
}
object Browse {
val browse = exec(
http("Home")
.get("/")
).pause(2)
.exec(
http("Page 1")
.get("/computers?p=1")
)
.pause(670.milliseconds)
.exec(
http("Page 2")
.get("/computers?p=2")
)
.pause(629.milliseconds)
.exec(
http("Page 3")
.get("/computers?p=3")
)
.pause(734.milliseconds)
.exec(
http("Page 4")
.get("/computers?p=4")
)
.pause(5)
}
object Edit {
val edit = exec(
http("Form")
.get("/computers/new")
).pause(1)
.exec(
http("Post")
.post("/computers")
.formParam("name", "Beautiful Computer")
.formParam("introduced", "2012-05-30")
.formParam("discontinued", "")
.formParam("company", "37")
)
}
val httpProtocol = http
.baseUrl("http://computer-database.gatling.io")
.acceptHeader("text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8")
.doNotTrackHeader("1")
.acceptLanguageHeader("en-US,en;q=0.5")
.acceptEncodingHeader("gzip, deflate")
.userAgentHeader("Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0")
// Now, we can write the scenario as a composition
val scn = scenario("Scenario Name").exec(Search.search, Browse.browse, Edit.edit)
setUp(scn.inject(atOnceUsers(1)).protocols(httpProtocol))
}
五、快速执行
进入 bin 目录执行：
./gatling.sh
结果如下：
$ bin % ./gatling.sh #Gatling 会遍历user-files/simulations，列出所有的Simulation
GATLING_HOME is set to /Users/liwen/Downloads/gatling-charts-highcharts-bundle-3.5.1
Choose a simulation number:
[0] computerdatabase.BasicSimulation
[1] computerdatabase.advanced.AdvancedSimulationStep01
[2] computerdatabase.advanced.AdvancedSimulationStep02
[3] computerdatabase.advanced.AdvancedSimulationStep03
[4] computerdatabase.advanced.AdvancedSimulationStep04
[5] computerdatabase.advanced.AdvancedSimulationStep05
1 # 这个是我选择运行的测试用例ID - 代表选择AdvancedSimulationStep01执行，
Select run description (optional)
runtest # 填入测试用例的描述，可以直接回车跳过
Simulation computerdatabase.advanced.AdvancedSimulationStep01 started...
================================================================================
2021-04-23 21:48:31 5s elapsed
---- Requests ------------------------------------------------------------------
> Global (OK=6 KO=0 )
> Home (OK=2 KO=0 )
> Home Redirect 1 (OK=2 KO=0 )
> Search (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Select (OK=1 KO=0 )
---- Scenario Name -------------------------------------------------------------
[--------------------------------------------------------------------------] 0%
waiting: 0 / active: 1 / done: 0
================================================================================
================================================================================
2021-04-23 21:48:36 10s elapsed
---- Requests ------------------------------------------------------------------
> Global (OK=9 KO=0 )
> Home (OK=2 KO=0 )
> Home Redirect 1 (OK=2 KO=0 )
> Search (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Select (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Page 1 (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Page 2 (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Page 3 (OK=1 KO=0 )
---- Scenario Name -------------------------------------------------------------
[--------------------------------------------------------------------------] 0%
waiting: 0 / active: 1 / done: 0
================================================================================
================================================================================
2021-04-23 21:48:41 15s elapsed
---- Requests ------------------------------------------------------------------
> Global (OK=10 KO=0 )
> Home (OK=2 KO=0 )
> Home Redirect 1 (OK=2 KO=0 )
> Search (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Select (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Page 1 (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Page 2 (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Page 3 (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Page 4 (OK=1 KO=0 )
---- Scenario Name -------------------------------------------------------------
[--------------------------------------------------------------------------] 0%
waiting: 0 / active: 1 / done: 0
================================================================================
================================================================================
2021-04-23 21:48:43 16s elapsed
---- Requests ------------------------------------------------------------------
> Global (OK=13 KO=0 )
> Home (OK=2 KO=0 )
> Home Redirect 1 (OK=2 KO=0 )
> Search (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Select (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Page 1 (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Page 2 (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Page 3 (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Page 4 (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Form (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Post (OK=1 KO=0 )
> Post Redirect 1 (OK=1 KO=0 )
---- Scenario Name -------------------------------------------------------------
[##########################################################################]100%
waiting: 0 / active: 0 / done: 1
================================================================================
Simulation computerdatabase.advanced.AdvancedSimulationStep01 completed in 16 seconds
Parsing log file(s)...
Parsing log file(s) done
Generating reports...
================================================================================
---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count 13 (OK=13 KO=0 )
> min response time 265 (OK=265 KO=- )
> max response time 547 (OK=547 KO=- )
> mean response time 289 (OK=289 KO=- )
> std deviation 75 (OK=75 KO=- )
> response time 50th percentile 267 (OK=267 KO=- )
> response time 75th percentile 268 (OK=268 KO=- )
> response time 95th percentile 380 (OK=380 KO=- )
> response time 99th percentile 514 (OK=514 KO=- )
> mean requests/sec 0.765 (OK=0.765 KO=- )
---- Response Time Distribution ------------------------------------------------
> t < 800 ms 13 (100%)
> 800 ms < t < 1200 ms 0 ( 0%)
> t > 1200 ms 0 ( 0%)
> failed 0 ( 0%)
================================================================================
# result目录找到报告的html文件
Reports generated in 0s.
Please open the following file: /Users/liwen/Downloads/gatling-charts-highcharts-bundle-3.5.1/results/advancedsimulationstep01/index.html
打开指定路径报告如下：
六、总结
Gatling 压测工具开箱就能使用，就是脚本编写，对测试人员要有开发基础，同时我们可以做二次封装，这样普通的使用人员只要填写常用请求即可。
