前言：
由于公司业务服务器大部分都在内网环境下运行，内网环境无法直接使用yum安装升级更新软件，所以需要自建Yum源来满足目前日常工作需要。
YUM 常用命令参数：
yum makecache #构建缓存 yum check-update #列出所有可更新的软件清单命令 yum list all #列出所有已安装及可安装的软件包 yum provides ifconfig #列出ifconfig命令是那个软件包提供的 yum grouplist #查询可以用安装的组 yum update #内核升级或者更新所有软件(*谨慎使用*) yum update nginx #仅更新指定的nginx软件包 yum -y install nginx #安装nginx软件包 yum search nginx #YUM搜索nginx软件包 yum list httpd #显示指定程序包安装情况nginx yum remove httpd #删除程序包nginx yum erase httpd #删除程序包httpd yum update httpd #升级httpd 服务 yum clean all #清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的 headers
基于ISO系统镜像包来构建本地YUM源：
1.添加YUM源配置文件
[root@centos ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/iso.repo [ios] name=iso baseurl=file:///mnt enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///mnt/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #指定挂载目录下的GPG-KEY文件验证
2.挂载光盘步骤
[root@centos ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ #挂载光盘 mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@centos ~]# df -h #查看挂载情况 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 20G 1.6G 18G 8% / devtmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev tmpfs 912M 9.0M 903M 1% /run tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda2 197M 121M 77M 62% /boot tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0 dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt #挂载的ISO系统镜像包
3.开启开机自启动挂载
- 方式一：vim /etc/fstab
- 方式二：vim /etc/rc.local
添加内容：/dev/cdrom /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0 [root@centos ~]# cat /etc/fstab |grep iso9660 #在/etc/fstab文件中添加 /dev/cdrom /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0 添加内容：/dev/cdrom /mnt [root@centos ~]# cat /etc/rc.local |grep /mnt #在/etc/rc.local文件中添加 /dev/cdrom /mnt
基于RPM包来构建本地Yum源：
httpd：使用http协议来搭建本地Yum源
createrepo：用于生成yum源各软件之间的依赖索引
yum-utils：安装后可使用 yumdownloader、reposync等命令下载所需软件包
1.下载网络Yum源中的RPM软件包
[root@centos ~]# yum -y install httpd yum-utils createrepo #安装几个必须要的软件包 [root@centos ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/centos6/ #创建RPM软件包下载存放目录 [root@centos ~]# ls /var/www/html/ centos6 [root@centos ~]# ss -antulp | grep :80 #查看httpd服务运行情况（Yum源通过http服务来搭建，需要启动httpd服务） tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* users:(("httpd",1952,6),("httpd",4551,6),("httpd",4552,6),("httpd",4553,6),("httpd",4554,6),("httpd",4555,6),("httpd",4556,6),("httpd",4557,6),("httpd",4558,6)) [root@centos ~]# yum repolist #查看网络Yum源情况（自行配置想要下载的网络Yum源） Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 仓库标识 仓库名称 状态 extras Qcloud centos extras - x86_64 47 os Qcloud centos os - x86_64 6,713 updates Qcloud centos updates - x86_64 1,169 repolist: 7,929 [root@centos ~]# reposync -r extras -p /var/www/html/centos6/ #根据网络Yum源的仓库标识，下载Yum源中的所有RPM软件包到文件夹 [extras: 1 of 47 ] Downloading Packages/bakefile-0.2.8-3.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm bakefile-0.2.8-3.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 250 kB 00:00 [extras: 2 of 47 ] Downloading Packages/centos-release-azure-1.0-2.el6.centos.noarch.rpm centos-release-azure-1.0-2.el6.centos.noarch.rpm | 4.0 kB 00:00 [extras: 3 of 47 ] Downloading Packages/centos-release-cr-6-0.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm centos-release-cr-6-0.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 3.9 kB 00:00 [extras: 4 of 47 ] Downloading Packages/centos-release-gluster-legacy-3.10-1.el6.centos.noarch.rpm centos-release-gluster-legacy-3.10-1.el6.centos.noarch.rpm | 4.6 kB 00:00 [extras: 5 of 47 ] Downloading Packages/centos-release-gluster-legacy-4.0-1.el6.centos.noarch.rpm centos-release-gluster-legacy-4.0-1.el6.centos.noarch.rpm | 4.9 kB 00:00 [extras: 6 of 47 ] Downloading Packages/centos-release-gluster-legacy-4.0-3.el6.centos.noarch.rpm centos-release-gluster-legacy-4.0-3.el6.centos.noarch.rpm | 5.1 kB 00:00 ... ... [root@vos7 ~]# reposync -r updates -p /var/www/html/centos6/ #下载网络Yum源仓库标识updates中所有的RPM软件包 [updates: 1 of 1169 ] Downloading Packages/389-ds-base-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm 389-ds-base-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:00 [updates: 2 of 1169 ] Downloading Packages/389-ds-base-devel-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.i686.rpm 389-ds-base-devel-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.i686.rpm | 148 kB 00:00 [updates: 3 of 1169 ] Downloading Packages/389-ds-base-devel-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm 389-ds-base-devel-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm | 148 kB 00:00 [updates: 4 of 1169 ] Downloading Packages/389-ds-base-libs-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.i686.rpm 389-ds-base-libs-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.i686.rpm | 450 kB 00:00 [updates: 5 of 1169 ] Downloading Packages/389-ds-base-libs-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm 389-ds-base-libs-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm | 446 kB 00:00 [updates: 6 of 1169 ] Downloading Packages/adcli-0.8.1-3.el6_10.x86_64.rpm adcli-0.8.1-3.el6_10.x86_64.rpm | 100 kB 00:00 [updates: 7 of 1169 ] Downloading Packages/autofs-5.0.5-140.el6_10.1.x86_64.rpm autofs-5.0.5-140.el6_10.1.x86_64.rpm | 730 kB 00:00 [updates: 8 of 1169 ] Downloading Packages/autofs-5.0.5-140.el6_10.x86_64.rpm autofs-5.0.5-140.el6_10.x86_64.rpm | 730 kB 00:00 ... ...
2.生成Yum源repodata索引依赖
[root@centos ~]# ll /var/www/html/centos6/ #查看从网络Yum源下载的所有RPM包（会根据仓库标识下载到相关的文件夹） drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10月 31 14:28 extras drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10月 31 14:28 os drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10月 31 13:14 updates [root@centos ~]# createrepo /var/www/html/centos6/extras/ #生成extras仓库的repodata索引依赖 Spawning worker 0 with 47 pkgs Workers Finished Gathering worker results Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete [root@centos ~]# createrepo /var/www/html/centos6/os/ #生成os仓库的repodata索引依赖 Spawning worker 0 with 6713 pkgs Workers Finished Gathering worker results Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete [root@centos ~]# createrepo /var/www/html/centos6/updates ##生成updates仓库的repodata索引依赖 Spawning worker 0 with 1169 pkgs Workers Finished Gathering worker results Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete
3.在Packages同级目录中可以看到生成的repodata索引目录
[root@centos ~]# ll /var/www/html/centos6/extras/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10月 31 14:28 Packages drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10月 31 17:02 repodata [root@centos ~]# ll /var/www/html/centos6/os/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 491520 10月 31 14:59 Packages drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10月 31 17:04 repodata [root@centos ~]# ll /var/www/html/centos6/updates/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 102400 10月 31 13:41 Packages drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10月 31 17:11 repodata [root@centos ~]# ll /var/www/html/centos6/extras/repodata/ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15328 10月 31 17:02 1ed5ff978f03e8fcf39583179c7f9985dd8750070c91bbe7d1352352ccdd59ee-other.sqlite.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31139 10月 31 17:02 6da60a601f4110345fe68378f9d645de44fd0c15c69920d12158edb117ce6dca-primary.sqlite.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19175 10月 31 17:02 858ad62599b6ab53cec5925757610c9b0c27f9f945e10d83f73649907222b304-filelists.xml.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15164 10月 31 17:02 a6e80104250eaf5059025683e2e1a20cfdc5be28ca826f777b5565133c6097e5-primary.xml.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26118 10月 31 17:02 ae6f61c5aea047a4dca9ea8a04f9b1cac9a74c93fc97f1691fe109c8d0d07f26-filelists.sqlite.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9129 10月 31 17:02 dd8378435f46ef4730b55355947f224f69d1a16184ddbb4f3cf9aa6f2f459bfc-other.xml.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2993 10月 31 17:02 repomd.xml
4.备份原Yum源配置文件，创建新Yum源配置文件
[root@centos ~]# vi /root/centos6.repo [extras] #yum源的ID，本地唯一，用于区分不同yum源 name=extras #描述信息 baseurl=http://192.168.1.36/centos6/extras #前面的http://是协议，后面的/centos6/extras是yum源包路径 gpgcheck=0 #值为1表示用公钥验证rpm包的正确性，值为0表示不验证 enabled=1 #值为1表示启用yum源，值为0表示禁用yum源 [os] name=extras baseurl=http://192.168.1.36/centos6/os gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 [updates] name=uodates baseurl=http://192.168.1.36/centos6/updates gpgcheck=0 enabled=1
注意：baseurl可以使用file 、ftp或http，目录路径要写到Package和repodata的目录。
测试验证自建的本地Yum源
[root@centos ~]# yum clean all Cleaning repos: extras os updates 清理一切 Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@centos ~]# yum makecache Determining fastest mirrors extras | 2.9 kB 00:00 extras/filelists_db | 26 kB 00:00 extras/primary_db | 30 kB 00:00 extras/other_db | 15 kB 00:00 os | 2.9 kB 00:00 os/filelists_db | 6.4 MB 00:00 os/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:00 os/other_db | 2.8 MB 00:00 updates | 3.0 kB 00:00 updates/filelists_db | 12 MB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 14 MB 00:00 updates/other_db | 697 kB 00:00 元数据缓存已建立 [root@centos ~]# yum repolist Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 仓库标识 仓库名称 状态 extras extras 47 os extras 6,713 updates uodates 1,169 repolist: 7,929
可以看到我们基于RPM包来构建的本地Yum源已经完成了。
