SAP Netweaver 里有很多名字比较长的事务码，比如 SAP CRM UI开发工具BSP_WD_CMPWB，直到今天我也记不住它。幸好SAP贴心地在SAP GUI里提供了收藏夹功能，我们可以在SAP GUI里创建树状结构的收藏夹事务码列表，可以把若干业务上相关的事务码放在同一个文件夹内，文件夹支持嵌套，如下图：
SAP菜单是一个由用户主记录中的一个条目集中定义或覆盖的区域菜单。SAP菜单或SAP区域菜单显示SAP菜单树中所有可用的SAP t-code，如下图所示：
下面是 SAP Area menu 的创建步骤：
- 使用事物码 SE43：
点击 Create Area Menu 按钮：
输入菜单的名称和描述信息：
- 添加菜单可供点击的子节点：
依次添加菜单项和点击后执行的事物码即可：
但是SAP GUI的收藏夹事务码管理功能有个局限，收藏夹树状结构上的事务码节点不支持剪切粘贴操作。
比如我要想把下图收藏夹尾部的BSP_WD_COMWB移动到收藏夹最顶端的Design Layer文件夹里，只能鼠标左键单击BSP_WD_COMWB, 按住不放，然后将其拖拽到顶部的目的文件夹里。
因为我的收藏夹内容很多，所以我得按住鼠标不放，同时用鼠标中键把滚动条往上滑好几下，直至收藏夹顶部的目标文件夹出现，再松开鼠标左键，将其放到目标文件夹里。
这种收藏夹的管理方式低效而且容易出错，需要按住鼠标左键不放同时滑动鼠标中键，万一此时左键松开，就会误操作。
于是我自己开发了一个工具。本地新建一个记事本文件，在其内把自己想要导入SAP GUI收藏夹的事务码按照自己喜欢的层级结构维护好，然后直接把这个记事本文件上传到ABAP系统即可。
上图的01. 02. 03开头的内容代表的是SAP GUI里生成收藏夹的文件夹名称，方括号内即事务码本身的值。操作记事本，比用鼠标在SAP GUI里做拖拽操作轻松多了，不是吗？
下图右边是我在本地记事本里维护的内容，左边是将这个记事本导入到SAP GUI里生成的收藏夹。
我开发的这个报表，会解析记事本里维护的事务码和层级结构，然后把解析出的记录插入到Netweaver存放收藏夹事务码的数据库表里。
源代码如下：
REPORT zfavorite. TYPES: tt_tcode TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF tstct-tcode, tt_wd_app TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF wdy_applicationt-application_name. TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_file, text LIKE smen_buffc-text, tcode LIKE smen_buffc-report, END OF ty_file. CLASS lcl_counter DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. METHODS: get_new_obj_id RETURNING VALUE(rv_id) TYPE int4, get_folder_sort RETURNING VALUE(rv_id) TYPE int4, get_tcode_sort RETURNING VALUE(rv_id) TYPE int4, reset_tcode_sort. CONSTANTS: cv_root TYPE smen_buffc-parent_id VALUE '00001'. CONSTANTS: cv_level1 TYPE smen_buffc-menu_level VALUE '01', cv_level2 LIKE cv_level1 VALUE '02'. PRIVATE SECTION. DATA: mv_object_id TYPE int4 VALUE 1, mv_folder_sort TYPE int4 VALUE 0, mv_tcode_sort TYPE int4 VALUE 0. ENDCLASS. CLASS lcl_counter IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD: get_new_obj_id. ADD 1 TO mv_object_id. rv_id = mv_object_id. ENDMETHOD. METHOD: get_folder_sort. ADD 10 TO mv_folder_sort. rv_id = mv_folder_sort. ENDMETHOD. METHOD: get_tcode_sort. ADD 10 TO mv_tcode_sort. rv_id = mv_tcode_sort. ENDMETHOD. METHOD reset_tcode_sort. CLEAR: mv_tcode_sort. ENDMETHOD. ENDCLASS. CLASS lcl_tool DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. CLASS-METHODS: is_tcode IMPORTING iv_text TYPE string RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE abap_bool. CLASS-METHODS: is_wd_app IMPORTING iv_text TYPE string RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE abap_bool. CLASS-METHODS: get_tcode IMPORTING iv_text TYPE smen_buffc-text RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE smen_buffc-report. CLASS-METHODS: get_wd_app IMPORTING iv_text TYPE smen_buffc-text RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE smen_buffc-report. CLASS-METHODS: set_tcode_list IMPORTING it_tcode TYPE tt_tcode. CLASS-METHODS: set_wd_app_list IMPORTING it_app TYPE tt_wd_app. CLASS-METHODS: get_tcode_description IMPORTING iv_tcode TYPE smen_buffc-report RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE smen_buffc-text. CLASS-METHODS: get_app_description IMPORTING iv_app TYPE smen_buffc-text RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE smen_buffc-text. CLASS-METHODS: get_menu_type IMPORTING is_menu TYPE ty_file RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE int4. CONSTANTS: cv_wd_app_type TYPE smen_buffc-reporttype VALUE 'OT', cv_wd_app_report TYPE smen_buffc-report VALUE 'WDY_APPLICATION', BEGIN OF cs_entry_type, top_tcode TYPE int4 VALUE 1, folder TYPE int4 VALUE 2, child_tcode TYPE int4 VALUE 3, top_wd_app TYPE int4 VALUE 4, child_wd_app TYPE int4 VALUE 5, invalid TYPE int4 VALUE 6, END OF cs_entry_type. PRIVATE SECTION. CLASS-DATA: st_tcode TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF tstct, st_wd_app TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF wdy_applicationt. ENDCLASS. CLASS lcl_tool IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD: is_tcode. IF iv_text CP '[*]'. result = abap_true. ELSE. result = abap_false. ENDIF. ENDMETHOD. METHOD: is_wd_app. IF iv_text CP '(*)'. result = abap_true. ELSE. result = abap_false. ENDIF. ENDMETHOD. METHOD: get_tcode. result = iv_text. REPLACE ALL OCCURRENCES OF REGEX `[\[\]]` IN result WITH space. CONDENSE result NO-GAPS. ENDMETHOD. METHOD: get_wd_app. result = iv_text. REPLACE ALL OCCURRENCES OF REGEX `[\(\)]` IN result WITH space. CONDENSE result NO-GAPS. ENDMETHOD. METHOD: set_tcode_list. SELECT * INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE st_tcode FROM tstct FOR ALL ENTRIES IN it_tcode WHERE sprsl = sy-langu AND tcode = it_tcode-table_line. ENDMETHOD. METHOD: set_wd_app_list. SELECT * INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE st_wd_app FROM wdy_applicationt FOR ALL ENTRIES IN it_app WHERE application_name = it_app-table_line AND langu = sy-langu. ENDMETHOD. METHOD: get_tcode_description. FIELD-SYMBOLS: <line> TYPE tstct. READ TABLE st_tcode ASSIGNING <line> WITH KEY tcode = iv_tcode. IF sy-subrc = 0. result = <line>-ttext. ENDIF. ENDMETHOD. METHOD: get_app_description. FIELD-SYMBOLS: <line> LIKE LINE OF st_wd_app. READ TABLE st_wd_app ASSIGNING <line> WITH KEY application_name = iv_app. IF sy-subrc = 0. result = <line>-description. ENDIF. ENDMETHOD. METHOD: get_menu_type. DATA: lv_is_tcode TYPE abap_bool, lv_is_wd_app TYPE abap_bool. lv_is_tcode = is_tcode( CONV #( is_menu-text ) ). lv_is_wd_app = is_wd_app( CONV #( is_menu-text ) ). IF is_menu-text IS NOT INITIAL AND is_menu-tcode IS INITIAL. IF is_tcode( CONV #( is_menu-text ) ) = abap_true. result = cs_entry_type-top_tcode. ELSEIF is_wd_app( CONV #( is_menu-text ) ) = abap_true. result = cs_entry_type-top_wd_app. ELSE. result = cs_entry_type-folder. ENDIF. ELSEIF is_menu-tcode IS NOT INITIAL. IF is_tcode( CONV #( is_menu-tcode ) ) = abap_true. result = cs_entry_type-child_tcode. ELSEIF is_wd_app( CONV #( is_menu-tcode ) ) = abap_true. result = cs_entry_type-child_wd_app. ELSE. result = cs_entry_type-invalid. ENDIF. ELSE. result = cs_entry_type-invalid. ENDIF. ENDMETHOD. ENDCLASS. START-OF-SELECTION. DATA: gt_file TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_file, gt_tcodes TYPE tt_tcode, gt_wd_app TYPE tt_wd_app, lo_counter TYPE REF TO lcl_counter, lv_filename TYPE localfile, lv_name_string type string. CALL FUNCTION 'NAVIGATION_FILENAME_HELP' EXPORTING default_path_long = '*.*' mode = 'O' IMPORTING selected_filename = lv_filename. CHECK lv_filename IS NOT INITIAL. lv_name_string = lv_filename. CREATE OBJECT lo_counter. CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD' EXPORTING filename = lv_name_string filetype = 'ASC' has_field_separator = 'X' TABLES data_tab = gt_file EXCEPTIONS file_open_error = 1 file_read_error = 2 no_batch = 3 gui_refuse_filetransfer = 4 invalid_type = 5 no_authority = 6 "as of 4.6C OTHERS = 7. DELETE gt_file WHERE tcode IS INITIAL AND text IS INITIAL. DATA: ls_menu_entry TYPE smen_buffc, lt_menu_entry TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF smen_buffc, ls_web_link TYPE smen_buffi, lt_web_link TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF smen_buffi, lv_current_par_id TYPE smen_buffc-parent_id. FIELD-SYMBOLS: <entry> LIKE LINE OF gt_file, <menu> LIKE LINE OF lt_menu_entry, <link> TYPE smen_buffi. LOOP AT gt_file ASSIGNING <entry>. CLEAR: ls_menu_entry. ls_menu_entry-object_id = lo_counter->get_new_obj_id( ). ls_menu_entry-uname = sy-uname. ls_menu_entry-mandt = sy-mandt. CASE lcl_tool=>get_menu_type( <entry> ). WHEN lcl_tool=>cs_entry_type-top_tcode. ls_menu_entry-reporttype = 'TR'. ls_menu_entry-parent_id = lcl_counter=>cv_root. ls_menu_entry-report = lcl_tool=>get_tcode( <entry>-text ). ls_menu_entry-menu_level = lcl_counter=>cv_level1. ls_menu_entry-sort_order = lo_counter->get_folder_sort( ). APPEND ls_menu_entry-report TO gt_tcodes. WHEN lcl_tool=>cs_entry_type-top_wd_app. ls_menu_entry-reporttype = 'OT'. ls_menu_entry-parent_id = lcl_counter=>cv_root. ls_menu_entry-report = lcl_tool=>cv_wd_app_report. ls_menu_entry-menu_level = lcl_counter=>cv_level1. ls_menu_entry-sort_order = lo_counter->get_folder_sort( ). ls_web_link-object_id = ls_menu_entry-object_id. APPEND ls_web_link TO lt_web_link. ls_menu_entry-text = lcl_tool=>get_wd_app( <entry>-text ). APPEND ls_menu_entry-text TO gt_wd_app. WHEN lcl_tool=>cs_entry_type-folder. ls_menu_entry-text = <entry>-text. ls_menu_entry-parent_id = lcl_counter=>cv_root. ls_menu_entry-sort_order = lo_counter->get_folder_sort( ). ls_menu_entry-menu_level = lcl_counter=>cv_level1. lv_current_par_id = ls_menu_entry-object_id. lo_counter->reset_tcode_sort( ). WHEN lcl_tool=>cs_entry_type-child_tcode. ls_menu_entry-reporttype = 'TR'. ls_menu_entry-report = lcl_tool=>get_tcode( CONV #( <entry>-tcode ) ). ls_menu_entry-parent_id = lv_current_par_id. ls_menu_entry-sort_order = lo_counter->get_tcode_sort( ). ls_menu_entry-menu_level = lcl_counter=>cv_level2. APPEND ls_menu_entry-report TO gt_tcodes. WHEN lcl_tool=>cs_entry_type-child_wd_app. ls_menu_entry-reporttype = 'OT'. ls_menu_entry-report = lcl_tool=>cv_wd_app_report. ls_menu_entry-parent_id = lv_current_par_id. ls_menu_entry-sort_order = lo_counter->get_tcode_sort( ). ls_menu_entry-menu_level = lcl_counter=>cv_level2. ls_menu_entry-text = lcl_tool=>get_wd_app( CONV #( <entry>-tcode ) ). APPEND ls_menu_entry-text TO gt_wd_app. ls_web_link-object_id = ls_menu_entry-object_id. APPEND ls_web_link TO lt_web_link. WHEN OTHERS. WRITE: / 'Invalid record: ', <entry>-text, <entry>-tcode COLOR COL_NEGATIVE. RETURN. ENDCASE. APPEND ls_menu_entry TO lt_menu_entry. ENDLOOP. lcl_tool=>set_tcode_list( gt_tcodes ). lcl_tool=>set_wd_app_list( gt_wd_app ). LOOP AT lt_menu_entry ASSIGNING <menu> WHERE reporttype = 'TR'. <menu>-text = lcl_tool=>get_tcode_description( <menu>-report ). ENDLOOP. LOOP AT lt_web_link ASSIGNING <link>. <link>-mandt = sy-mandt. <link>-link_type = 'W'. <link>-uname = sy-uname. READ TABLE lt_menu_entry INTO ls_menu_entry WITH KEY object_id = <link>-object_id. CHECK sy-subrc = 0. TRANSLATE ls_menu_entry-text TO LOWER CASE. <link>-url = '0E' && ls_menu_entry-text. ENDLOOP. LOOP AT lt_menu_entry ASSIGNING <menu> WHERE reporttype = 'OT'. <menu>-text = lcl_tool=>get_app_description( <menu>-text ). ENDLOOP. DELETE FROM smen_buffc WHERE uname = sy-uname. DELETE FROM smen_buffi WHERE uname = sy-uname. INSERT smen_buffc FROM TABLE lt_menu_entry. INSERT smen_buffi FROM TABLE lt_web_link. COMMIT WORK AND WAIT. WRITE: / 'Favorite list uploaded successfully, total entries: ', lines( lt_menu_entry ) COLOR COL_POSITIVE.
总结
本文首先介绍了 SAP Area Menu 的创建方式，以及标准的收藏夹管理功能和局限性，接着分享了笔者自开发的收藏夹工具增强的功能以及全部的源代码，希望对想提高 SAPGUI 工作效率的使用者有所帮助。
