- 环境python3.x 3.x之后tkinter自带，jupyter notebook/pycharm
常见的聊天窗口
image.png
- 聊天窗口布局
左上：聊天历史信息显示 左中：当前信息编辑区域 左下：按钮区域 右侧：显示展示区域
- Frame控件
容器区域布局
frmLT,frmLC,frmLB,frmRT
#创建frmLT容器 frmLT = Frame(width = 500, height = 320, bg = 'white') frmLC = Frame(width = 500, height = 150, bg = 'white') frmLB = Frame(width = 500, height = 30) frmRT = Frame(width = 200, height = 500)
- 控件对象命名规则
“控件类型” + “功能” frmLT: frame + LeftTop txtMsg: text控件 + 消息 btnSend: button控件 + 发送
- 消息处理：
txtMsg = Text(frmLC) txtMsg.bind("<KeyPress-Up>", sendMsgEvent) btnSend = Button(frmLB, text = '发送', width = 8, command = sendMsg) btnCancel =Button(frmLB, text = '取消', width = 8, command = cancelMsg)
- 图片处理：
imgInfo = PhotoImage(file = "timg-2.gif") lblImage = Label(frmRT, image = imgInfo) lblImage.image = imgInfo
- sendNsg()
回调函数，通过函数指针调用的函数
def sendMsg():#发送消息 strMsg = "我:" + time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())+ '\n' txtMsgList.insert(END, strMsg, 'greencolor') txtMsgList.insert(END, txtMsg.get('0.0', END)) txtMsg.delete('0.0', END)
- cancelMsg()
def cancelMsg():#取消信息 txtMsg.delete('0.0', END)
- sendMsgEvent(event)
def sendMsgEvent(event):#发送消息事件 if event.keysym =='Up': sendMsg()
- grid()界面布局控制
frmLT.grid(row = 0, column = 0, columnspan = 2, padx = 1, pady = 3) frmLC.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 2, padx = 1, pady = 3) frmLB.grid(row = 2, column = 0, columnspan = 2) frmRT.grid(row = 0, column = 2, rowspan = 3, padx =2, pady = 3) #固定大小 frmLT.grid_propagate(0) frmLC.grid_propagate(0) frmLB.grid_propagate(0) frmRT.grid_propagate(0) btnSend.grid(row = 2, column = 0) btnCancel.grid(row = 2, column = 1) lblImage.grid() txtMsgList.grid() txtMsg.grid()
- 主事件循环
app.mainloop()
- 代码整体：
from tkinter import * import time def main(): def sendMsg():#发送消息 strMsg = "我:" + time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())+ '\n' txtMsgList.insert(END, strMsg, 'greencolor') txtMsgList.insert(END, txtMsg.get('0.0', END)) txtMsg.delete('0.0', END) def cancelMsg():#取消信息 txtMsg.delete('0.0', END) def sendMsgEvent(event):#发送消息事件 if event.keysym =='Up': sendMsg() #创建窗口 app = Tk() app.title('与python聊天') #创建frame容器 frmLT = Frame(width = 500, height = 320, bg = 'white') frmLC = Frame(width = 500, height = 150, bg = 'white') frmLB = Frame(width = 500, height = 30) frmRT = Frame(width = 200, height = 500) #创建控件 txtMsgList = Text(frmLT) txtMsgList.tag_config('greencolor',foreground = '#008C00')#创建tag txtMsg = Text(frmLC) txtMsg.bind("<KeyPress-Up>", sendMsgEvent) btnSend = Button(frmLB, text = '发送', width = 8, command = sendMsg) btnCancel =Button(frmLB, text = '取消', width = 8, command = cancelMsg) imgInfo = PhotoImage(file = "timg-2.gif") lblImage = Label(frmRT, image = imgInfo) lblImage.image = imgInfo #窗口布局 frmLT.grid(row = 0, column = 0, columnspan = 2, padx = 1, pady = 3) frmLC.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 2, padx = 1, pady = 3) frmLB.grid(row = 2, column = 0, columnspan = 2) frmRT.grid(row = 0, column = 2, rowspan = 3, padx =2, pady = 3) #固定大小 frmLT.grid_propagate(0) frmLC.grid_propagate(0) frmLB.grid_propagate(0) frmRT.grid_propagate(0) btnSend.grid(row = 2, column = 0) btnCancel.grid(row = 2, column = 1) lblImage.grid() txtMsgList.grid() txtMsg.grid() #主事件循环 app.mainloop() if __name__ == "__main__": main()
