自jBPM创始人Tom离开之后，jBPM和Activiti就开始大相径庭，jBPM被迫使用新的LGPL协议，而Activiti则使用一种更为宽松的Apache License 2.0协议。不管使用jBPM还是Activiti，两者都遵循BPMN 2.0规范，都可满足项目的一般需求，相比于jBPM，Activiti使用起来不会进行太大的二次改动，但jBPM则是使用Drools较为强大的规则引擎作为后盾，至于两者谁优谁劣，需要在实际项目中权衡利弊。
BPMN 2.0
BPMN最初由业务流程倡议组织(BPMI)定案，现在BPMI并入到OMG(Object Management Group)了，则由OMG建立规范和维护。
BPMN 2.0正式更名为(Business Process Model And Notation)业务流程符号和模型，也有人继续称呼为业务流程建模标记法(Business Process Modeling Notaion)，不过无所谓，不管是jBPM、Activiti还是国人开发的FixFlow，都遵循BPMN规范。
Maven配置
JBoss的开源框架都是比较庞大的，不过相对Activiti体积要小一点。下面为配置的依赖项。
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<!--Junit-->
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>junit</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>junit</
artifactId
>
<
version
>${junit.version}</
version
>
</
dependency
>
<!--activiti-->
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>org.activiti</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>activiti-engine</
artifactId
>
<
version
>${activiti.version}</
version
>
</
dependency
>
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>org.activiti</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>activiti-bpmn-layout</
artifactId
>
<
version
>${activiti.version}</
version
>
</
dependency
>
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>org.activiti</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>activiti-spring</
artifactId
>
<
version
>${activiti.version}</
version
>
</
dependency
>
<!--apache组件-->
...
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整合数据库
为什么要整合数据库？如果不整合数据库，我们大可以使用Quartz这些框架来做流程任务。实际上，Work Flow是用于一种长周期的、几乎异步的项目运行环境中，并且我们时刻需要将工作流程的状态记录下来，就是一种既注重结果，又注重过程的事务中，因此，整合数据库很有必要。
下面为配置源数据的XML文件，并且将databaseSchemaUpdate属性配置为drop-create，即在运行前删除原有的数据内容。
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<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"UTF-8"
?>
<
beans
xmlns
=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi
=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<
bean
id
=
"processEngineConfiguration"
class
=
"org.activiti.engine.impl.cfg.StandaloneProcessEngineConfiguration"
>
<
property
name
=
"databaseSchemaUpdate"
value
=
"drop-create"
/>
<
property
name
=
"jdbcUrl"
value
=
"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_activiti?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8"
/>
<
property
name
=
"jdbcDriver"
value
=
"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
/>
<
property
name
=
"jdbcUsername"
value
=
"root"
/>
<
property
name
=
"jdbcPassword"
value
=
"****"
/>
<
property
name
=
"jobExecutorActivate"
value
=
"true"
/>
</
bean
>
</
beans
>
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默认配置文件名为activiti.cfg.xml，可以在源文件中找到。
另外，如果有必要，请将MySQL设置为区分大小写，即lower_case_table_names = 0。数据内容会在运行前自动创建，详细表结构内容可参考官网完整信息。
创建工作流文件
由于BPMN规范的作用，一些高级的IDE会自动识别后缀为*.bpmn的文件，不过这些都无所谓，bpmn文件实际上就是XML文件，只是加上了一些图形的标记，如width、height、x和y的坐标，下面为一个招聘面试流程，只包含流程节点，不包含位置标记节点。
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<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"UTF-8"
?>
<
definitions
xmlns
=
"http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL"
xmlns:activiti
=
"http://activiti.org/bpmn"
xmlns:xsi
=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
targetNamespace
=
"Examples"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL
http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/20100501/BPMN20.xsd">
<
process
id
=
"Interview"
name
=
"某公司2012年实习生招聘流程"
>
<
documentation
>招聘工作流程</
documentation
>
<
startEvent
id
=
"start"
name
=
"实习生招聘启动"
/>
<
userTask
id
=
"bishi"
name
=
"笔试"
activiti:candidateGroups
=
"人力资源部"
/>
<
sequenceFlow
id
=
"flow1"
name
=
""
sourceRef
=
"start"
targetRef
=
"bishi"
/>
<
userTask
id
=
"yimian"
name
=
"技术一面"
activiti:candidateGroups
=
"技术部"
/>
<
sequenceFlow
id
=
"flow2"
name
=
""
sourceRef
=
"bishi"
targetRef
=
"yimian"
/>
<
userTask
id
=
"ermian"
name
=
"技术二面"
activiti:candidateGroups
=
"技术部"
/>
<
sequenceFlow
id
=
"flow3"
name
=
""
sourceRef
=
"yimian"
targetRef
=
"ermian"
/>
<
userTask
id
=
"hrmian"
name
=
"HR面"
activiti:candidateGroups
=
"人力资源部"
/>
<
sequenceFlow
id
=
"flow4"
name
=
""
sourceRef
=
"ermian"
targetRef
=
"hrmian"
/>
<
userTask
id
=
"luyong"
name
=
"录用，发放Offer"
activiti:candidateGroups
=
"人力资源部"
/>
<
sequenceFlow
id
=
"flow5"
name
=
""
sourceRef
=
"hrmian"
targetRef
=
"luyong"
/>
<
endEvent
id
=
"end"
name
=
"实习生招聘结束"
/>
<
sequenceFlow
id
=
"flow6"
name
=
""
sourceRef
=
"luyong"
targetRef
=
"end"
/>
</
process
>
</
definitions
>
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为了便于阅读，一些高级IDE可以转化为图形符号，如下图：
测试运行
有了流程引擎的配置文件和流程文件后，就可以编写代码启动流程引擎并加载该流程文件了。测试清单如下：
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@Test
public
void
processTests(){
// 加载配置文件
ProcessEngine processEngine = ProcessEngineConfiguration.createProcessEngineConfigurationFromResource(
"activiti.cfg.xml"
).buildProcessEngine();
RepositoryService repositoryService = processEngine.getRepositoryService();
RuntimeService runtimeService = processEngine.getRuntimeService();
repositoryService.createDeployment().addClasspathResource(
"Interview.bpmn"
).deploy();
String processId = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey(
"Interview"
).getId();
TaskService taskService = processEngine.getTaskService();
//得到笔试的流程
System.out.println(
"\n***************笔试流程开始***************"
);
List<Task> tasks = taskService.createTaskQuery().taskCandidateGroup(
"人力资源部"
).list();
for
(Task task : tasks) {
System.out.println(
"人力资源部的任务：name:"
+task.getName()+
",id:"
+task.getId());
taskService.claim(task.getId(),
"张三"
);
}
System.out.println(
"张三的任务数量："
+taskService.createTaskQuery().taskAssignee(
"张三"
).count());
tasks = taskService.createTaskQuery().taskAssignee(
"张三"
).list();
for
(Task task : tasks) {
System.out.println(
"张三的任务：name:"
+task.getName()+
",id:"
+task.getId());
taskService.complete(task.getId());
}
System.out.println(
"张三的任务数量："
+taskService.createTaskQuery().taskAssignee(
"张三"
).count());
System.out.println(
"***************笔试流程结束***************"
);
System.out.println(
"\n***************一面流程开始***************"
);
tasks = taskService.createTaskQuery().taskCandidateGroup(
"技术部"
).list();
for
(Task task : tasks) {
System.out.println(
"技术部的任务：name:"
+task.getName()+
",id:"
+task.getId());
taskService.claim(task.getId(),
"李四"
);
}
System.out.println(
"李四的任务数量："
+taskService.createTaskQuery().taskAssignee(
"李四"
).count());
for
(Task task : tasks) {
System.out.println(
"李四的任务：name:"
+task.getName()+
",id:"
+task.getId());
taskService.complete(task.getId());
}
System.out.println(
"李四的任务数量："
+taskService.createTaskQuery().taskAssignee(
"李四"
).count());
System.out.println(
"***************一面流程结束***************"
);
System.out.println(
"\n***************二面流程开始***************"
);
tasks = taskService.createTaskQuery().taskCandidateGroup(
"技术部"
).list();
for
(Task task : tasks) {
System.out.println(
"技术部的任务：name:"
+task.getName()+
",id:"
+task.getId());
taskService.claim(task.getId(),
"李四"
);
}
System.out.println(
"李四的任务数量："
+taskService.createTaskQuery().taskAssignee(
"李四"
).count());
for
(Task task : tasks) {
System.out.println(
"李四的任务：name:"
+task.getName()+
",id:"
+task.getId());
taskService.complete(task.getId());
}
System.out.println(
"李四的任务数量："
+taskService.createTaskQuery().taskAssignee(
"李四"
).count());
System.out.println(
"***************二面流程结束***************"
);
System.out.println(
"***************HR面流程开始***************"
);
tasks = taskService.createTaskQuery().taskCandidateGroup(
"人力资源部"
).list();
for
(Task task : tasks) {
System.out.println(
"技术部的任务：name:"
+task.getName()+
",id:"
+task.getId());
taskService.claim(task.getId(),
"李四"
);
}
System.out.println(
"李四的任务数量："
+taskService.createTaskQuery().taskAssignee(
"李四"
).count());
for
(Task task : tasks) {
System.out.println(
"李四的任务：name:"
+task.getName()+
",id:"
+task.getId());
taskService.complete(task.getId());
}
System.out.println(
"李四的任务数量："
+taskService.createTaskQuery().taskAssignee(
"李四"
).count());
System.out.println(
"***************HR面流程结束***************"
);
System.out.println(
"\n***************录用流程开始***************"
);
tasks = taskService.createTaskQuery().taskCandidateGroup(
"人力资源部"
).list();
for
(Task task : tasks) {
System.out.println(
"技术部的任务：name:"
+task.getName()+
",id:"
+task.getId());
taskService.claim(task.getId(),
"李四"
);
}
System.out.println(
"李四的任务数量："
+taskService.createTaskQuery().taskAssignee(
"李四"
).count());
for
(Task task : tasks) {
System.out.println(
"李四的任务：name:"
+task.getName()+
",id:"
+task.getId());
taskService.complete(task.getId());
}
System.out.println(
"李四的任务数量："
+taskService.createTaskQuery().taskAssignee(
"李四"
).count());
System.out.println(
"***************录用流程结束***************"
);
HistoryService historyService = processEngine.getHistoryService();
HistoricProcessInstance historicProcessInstance = historyService
.createHistoricProcessInstanceQuery()
.processInstanceId(processId).singleResult();
System.out.println(
"\n流程结束时间："
+historicProcessInstance.getEndTime());
}
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代码清单中使用 ProcessEngines类加载默认的流程配置文件(activiti.cfg.xml)，再获取各个服务组件的实例。 RepositoryService主要用于管理流程的资源， RuntimeService主要用于流程运行时的流程管理，TaskService主要用于管理流程任务。最后， HistoricProcessInstance会将工作的流程历史记录下来。
