Quartz是什么

Quartz是OpenSystemphony开源组织在Job scheduling领域哟一个开源项目，他可以域J2EE与J2SE应用程序相结合也可以单独使用。Quartz可以用来创建简单活为运行十个、百个，甚至好几万个Jobs这样复杂的日程序表。Jobs可以做成标准的Java组件或EJBs.

Quartz是一个任务日程管理系统，一个预先确定（被纳入日程）的时间到达时，负责执行（或通知）其他软件组件的系统。

Quartz是一个小java库发布文件（.jar文件），这个库文件包含了所有uartz核心功能。这些功能注解接口（API）是Scheduler接口。他提供了简单的操作，例如：将任务纳入日程或者从日程中取消，开始、停止、暂停日程进度。

核心接口

Scheduler——核心调度器

Job——任务

JobDetai——任务描述

Trigger——触发器

执行过程

Trigger

SimpleTrigger 简单触发

SimpleTrigger用来触发只需执行一次或者在给定时间触发并且重复N次且每次执行延迟一定时间的任务。

如果你想让触发器在2014年1月11日，上午11：23：54秒执行，然后每个隔10秒钟重复执行一次，并且这样重复5次。那么SimpleTrigger 就可以满足你的要求。

CronTrigger 表达式触发

如果你需要像日历那样按日程来触发任务，而不是像SimpleTrigger 那样每隔特定的间隔时间触发，CronTriggers通常比SimpleTrigger更有用。

使用CronTrigger，你可以指定诸如“每个周五中午”，或者“每个工作日的9:30”或者“从每个周一、周三、周五的上午9：00到上午10：00之间每隔五分钟”这样日程安排来触发。甚至，象SimpleTrigger一样，CronTrigger也有一个startTime以指定日程从什么时候开始，也有一个（可选的）endTime以指定何时日程不再继续。

关于时间表达式的编写：在下一篇博客中进行详细的介绍。

可以这样说：凡是SimpleTrigger能完成的任务，CronTrigger表达式都可以完成

官方Demo演示

添加依赖：

        <dependency>
      <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
      <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.1</version>
    </dependency>

Job类代码：

/* 
 * All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved. 
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy 
 * of the License at 
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
 *   
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT 
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the 
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations 
 * under the License.
 * 
 */
package cn.itcast.quartz.example;
import java.util.Date;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
/**
 * <p>
 * This is just a simple job that says "Hello" to the world.
 * </p>
 * 
 * @author Bill Kratzer
 */
public class HelloJob implements Job {
    private static Logger _log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloJob.class);
    /**
     * <p>
     * Empty constructor for job initilization
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * Quartz requires a public empty constructor so that the
     * scheduler can instantiate the class whenever it needs.
     * </p>
     */
    public HelloJob() {
    }
    /**
     * <p>
     * Called by the <code>{@link org.quartz.Scheduler}</code> when a
     * <code>{@link org.quartz.Trigger}</code> fires that is associated with
     * the <code>Job</code>.
     * </p>
     * 
     * @throws JobExecutionException
     *             if there is an exception while executing the job.
     */
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext context)
        throws JobExecutionException {
        // Say Hello to the World and display the date/time
        _log.info("Hello World! - " + new Date());
    }
}

表达式触发器代码：

/* 
 * All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved. 
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy 
 * of the License at 
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
 *   
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT 
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the 
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations 
 * under the License.
 * 
 */
package cn.itcast.quartz.example;
import static org.quartz.CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule;
import static org.quartz.DateBuilder.evenMinuteDate;
import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
/**
 * This Example will demonstrate how to start and shutdown the Quartz scheduler and how to schedule
 * a job to run in Quartz.
 * 
 * @author Bill Kratzer
 */
public class SimpleCronExample {
    public void run() throws Exception {
        Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleCronExample.class);
        log.info("------- Initializing ----------------------");
        // 定义调度器
        SchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        Scheduler sched = sf.getScheduler();
        log.info("------- Initialization Complete -----------");
        // 获取当前时间的下一分钟
        Date runTime = evenMinuteDate(new Date());
        log.info("------- Scheduling Job  -------------------");
        // 定义job
        JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
        // 定义触发器，每2秒执行一次
        Trigger trigger = newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
                .withSchedule(cronSchedule("0 0/1 * * * ?")).build();
        // 将job注册到调度器
        sched.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
        log.info(job.getKey() + " will run at: " + runTime);
        // 启动调度器
        sched.start();
        log.info("------- Started Scheduler -----------------");
        // 等待1分钟
        log.info("------- Waiting 60 seconds... -------------");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(60L * 1000L);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            //
        }
        // 关闭调度器
        log.info("------- Shutting Down ---------------------");
        sched.shutdown(true);
        log.info("------- Shutdown Complete -----------------");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SimpleCronExample example = new SimpleCronExample();
        example.run();
    }
}

简单才触发器代码：

/* 
 * All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved. 
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy 
 * of the License at 
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
 *   
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT 
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the 
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations 
 * under the License.
 * 
 */
package cn.itcast.quartz.example;
import static org.quartz.DateBuilder.evenMinuteDate;
import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
/**
 * This Example will demonstrate how to start and shutdown the Quartz scheduler and how to schedule
 * a job to run in Quartz.
 * 
 * @author Bill Kratzer
 */
public class SimpleExample {
    public void run() throws Exception {
        Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleExample.class);
        log.info("------- Initializing ----------------------");
        // 定义调度器
        SchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        Scheduler sched = sf.getScheduler();
        log.info("------- Initialization Complete -----------");
        // 获取当前时间的下一分钟
        Date runTime = evenMinuteDate(new Date());
        log.info("------- Scheduling Job  -------------------");
        // 定义job
        // 在quartz中，有组的概念，组+job名称 唯一的
        JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
        // 定义触发器，在下一分钟启动
        Trigger trigger = newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1").startAt(runTime).build();
        // 将job注册到调度器
        sched.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
        log.info(job.getKey() + " will run at: " + runTime);
        // 启动调度器
        sched.start();
        log.info("------- Started Scheduler -----------------");
        // 等待65秒
        log.info("------- Waiting 65 seconds... -------------");
        try {
            // wait 65 seconds to show job
            Thread.sleep(65L * 1000L);
            // executing...
        } catch (Exception e) {
            //
        }
        // 关闭调度器
        log.info("------- Shutting Down ---------------------");
        sched.shutdown(true);
        log.info("------- Shutdown Complete -----------------");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SimpleExample example = new SimpleExample();
        example.run();
    }
}

在下一篇博客中详细介绍，表达式触发器中表达式的编写。

【Quartz学习总结】——入门程序

Quartz是什么

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Quartz是什么

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