有不少
网友 在使用阿里云ECS实例时,发现无法发出邮件,因为新近创建的ECS实例默认禁止连接外网TCP 25端口,避免滥发邮件。
环境:Debian 8,postfix 2.11,使用免费的阿里云云邮账户发信
过程:
1. apt-get update # 先更新软件库
2. hostname swas.anqun.org # 设置主机名
3. apt-get install libsasl2-modules postfix # 安装 postfix 及相关组件
4. 在配置 postfix 里,选择 Internet Site 类型,填写完整主机名 swas.anqun.org
[attachment=139653]
[attachment=139654]
5. 安装好 postfix 后,在配置文件 /etc/postfix/main.cf 里确认 myhostname 的值是否与主机名相符
[attachment=139655]
6. apt-get install stunnel # 安装stunnel,目的是让postfix支持连接 smtp.aliyun.com:465
7. 创建 /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf 配置文件,内容如下,监听本地11125端口,连接 smtp.aliyun.com:465
[smtp-tls-wrapper]
accept = 11125
client = yes
connect = smtp.aliyun.com:465
8. 启动 stunnel 后,可查看到本地有 11125 端口使用情况
[attachment=139656]
9. 创建或修改 /etc/postfix/sasl/sasl_passwd 文件,写上相应的服务器地址、端口和登录名密码,如下例:
[localhost]:11125 anqunhe@aliyun.com:password
10. postmap /etc/postfix/sasl/sasl_passwd # 生成 hash 文件
11. chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl/* # 为了保护smtp的登录信息,需要修改上边两个文件为root用户只读写
[attachment=139657]
12. 修改 /etc/postfix/main.cf 文件,修改 relayhost = [localhost]:11125 , 添加SMTP信息:
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = swas.anqun.org
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = swas.anqun.org, localhost, localhost.localdomain, localhost
# relayhost =
relayhost = [localhost]:11125
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
#### SMTP
# Enable SASL authentication
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
# Disallow methods that allow anonymous authentication
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
# Location of sasl_passwd
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl/sasl_passwd
# Enable STARTTLS encryption
# smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
# Location of CA certificates
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic
13. 因为多数免费邮箱限定发信人是登录名(如
anqunhe@aliyun.com),所以在 /etc/postfix/generic 文件里填写可能发信的地址,如:www-data,wordpress
www-data anqunhe@aliyun.com
wordpress anqunhe@aliyun.com
[attachment=139658]
14. postmap /etc/postfix/generic # 生成或更新postfix查询表
15. service postfix restart # 重启postfix后,从Shell和从wordpress程序测试,发信成功
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[attachment=139659]
参考:
*
https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/25239
*
https://www.codeforest.net/debugging-wp-mail-like-a-boss-debugger
*
https://codeseekah.com/2013/11/01/correct-sender-for-wordpress-mail-routed-via-postfix/
*
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14370224/change-outgoing-mail-address-from-rootservername-rackspace-sendgrid-postfix
*
http://www.postfix.org/TLS_README.html
*
https://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1370982.html
*
https://mailhelp.aliyun.com/freemail/detail.vm?knoId=5869705
*
https://linode.com/docs/email/postfix/configure-postfix-to-send-mail-using-gmail-and-google-apps-on-debian-or-ubuntu/
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