一、Spring Security介绍
1、框架介绍
Spring 是一个非常流行和成功的 Java 应用开发框架。Spring Security 基于 Spring 框架，提供了一套 Web 应用安全性的完整解决方案。一般来说，Web 应用的安全性包括用户认证（Authentication*）和用户授权（Authorization） 两个部分。
（1）用户认证指的是：验证某个用户是否为系统中的合法主体，也就是说用户能否访问该系统。用户认证一般要求用户提供用户名和密码。系统通过校验用户名和密码来完成认证过程。
（2）用户授权指的是验证某个用户是否有权限执行某个操作。在一个系统中，不同用户所具有的权限是不同的。比如对一个文件来说，有的用户只能进行读取，而有的用户可以进行修改。一般来说，系统会为不同的用户分配不同的角色，而每个角色则对应一系列的权限。
Spring Security其实就是用filter，多请求的路径进行过滤。
（1）如果是基于Session，那么Spring-security会对cookie里的sessionid进行解析，找到服务器存储的sesion信息，然后判断当前用户是否符合请求的要求。
（2）如果是token，则是解析出token，然后将当前请求加入到Spring-security管理的权限信息中去
2、认证与授权实现思路
如果系统的模块众多，每个模块都需要就行授权与认证，所以我们选择基于token的形式进行授权与认证，用户根据用户名密码认证成功，然后获取当前用户角色的一系列权限值，并以用户名为key，权限列表为value的形式存入redis缓存中，根据用户名相关信息生成token返回，浏览器将token记录到cookie中，每次调用api接口都默认将token携带到header请求头中，Spring-security解析header头获取token信息，解析token获取当前用户名，根据用户名就可以从redis中获取权限列表，这样Spring-security就能够判断当前请求是否有权限访问
二、整合Spring Security
1、首先创建Spring Security相关的模块以及代码架构
2、在spring_security引入相关依赖
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.jiangxia</groupId> <artifactId>common_utils</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring Security依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> 复制代码
3、在需要使用spring_security的模块中引入spring_security依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.atguigu</groupId> <artifactId>spring_security</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> 复制代码
4、核心代码说明
Spring Security的核心配置就是继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter并注解@EnableWebSecurity的配置。 这个配置指明了用户名密码的处理方式、请求路径的开合、登录登出控制等和安全相关的配置。主要代码如下：
@Configuration @EnableWebSecurity @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true) public class TokenWebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { private UserDetailsService userDetailsService; private TokenManager tokenManager; private DefaultPasswordEncoder defaultPasswordEncoder; private RedisTemplate redisTemplate; @Autowired public TokenWebSecurityConfig(UserDetailsService userDetailsService, DefaultPasswordEncoder defaultPasswordEncoder,TokenManager tokenManager, RedisTemplate redisTemplate) { this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService; this.defaultPasswordEncoder = defaultPasswordEncoder; this.tokenManager = tokenManager; this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate; } /** * 配置设置 * @param http * @throws Exception */ @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.exceptionHandling() .authenticationEntryPoint(new UnauthorizedEntryPoint()) .and().csrf().disable() .authorizeRequests() .anyRequest().authenticated() .and().logout().logoutUrl("/admin/acl/index/logout") .addLogoutHandler(new TokenLogoutHandler(tokenManager,redisTemplate)).and().addFilter(new TokenLoginFilter(authenticationManager(), tokenManager, redisTemplate)).addFilter(new TokenAuthenticationFilter(authenticationManager(), tokenManager, redisTemplate)).httpBasic(); } /** * 密码处理 * @param auth * @throws Exception */ @Override public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(defaultPasswordEncoder); } //配置哪些请求不拦截 @Override public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception { web.ignoring().antMatchers("/api/**", "/swagger-resources/**", "/webjars/**", "/v2/**", "/swagger-ui.html/**" ); } } 复制代码
创建认证授权相关的工具类: 1、密码处理的方法
@Component public class DefaultPasswordEncoder implements PasswordEncoder { public DefaultPasswordEncoder() { this(-1); } /** * @param strength * the log rounds to use, between 4 and 31 */ public DefaultPasswordEncoder(int strength) { } public String encode(CharSequence rawPassword) { return MD5.encrypt(rawPassword.toString()); } public boolean matches(CharSequence rawPassword, String encodedPassword) { return encodedPassword.equals(MD5.encrypt(rawPassword.toString())); } } 复制代码
2、token操作的工具类
@Component public class TokenManager { private long tokenExpiration = 24*60*60*1000; private String tokenSignKey = "123456"; public String createToken(String username) { String token = Jwts.builder().setSubject(username) .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + tokenExpiration)) .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, tokenSignKey).compressWith(CompressionCodecs.GZIP).compact(); return token; } public String getUserFromToken(String token) { String user = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(tokenSignKey).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody().getSubject(); return user; } public void removeToken(String token) { //jwttoken无需删除，客户端扔掉即可。 } } 复制代码
3、退出登录实现类
/** * * 登出业务逻辑类 * */ public class TokenLogoutHandler implements LogoutHandler { private TokenManager tokenManager; private RedisTemplate redisTemplate; public TokenLogoutHandler(TokenManager tokenManager, RedisTemplate redisTemplate) { this.tokenManager = tokenManager; this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate; } @Override public void logout(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication) { String token = request.getHeader("token"); if (token != null) { tokenManager.removeToken(token); //清空当前用户缓存中的权限数据 String userName = tokenManager.getUserFromToken(token); redisTemplate.delete(userName); } ResponseUtil.out(response, R.ok()); } } 复制代码
4、针对未授权的统一处理方式
public class UnauthorizedEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint { @Override public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException, ServletException { ResponseUtil.out(response, R.error()); } } 复制代码
5、创建认证和授权的filter
/** * * 登录过滤器，继承UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter，对用户名密码进行登录校验，认证 * */ public class TokenLoginFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter { private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; private TokenManager tokenManager; private RedisTemplate redisTemplate; public TokenLoginFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, TokenManager tokenManager, RedisTemplate redisTemplate) { this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager; this.tokenManager = tokenManager; this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate; this.setPostOnly(false); this.setRequiresAuthenticationRequestMatcher(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/admin/acl/login","POST")); } @Override public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws AuthenticationException { try { User user = new ObjectMapper().readValue(req.getInputStream(), User.class); return authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), new ArrayList<>())); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } /** * 登录成功 * @param req * @param res * @param chain * @param auth * @throws IOException * @throws ServletException */ @Override protected void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res, FilterChain chain, Authentication auth) throws IOException, ServletException { SecurityUser user = (SecurityUser) auth.getPrincipal(); String token = tokenManager.createToken(user.getCurrentUserInfo().getUsername()); redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(user.getCurrentUserInfo().getUsername(), user.getPermissionValueList()); ResponseUtil.out(res, R.ok().data("token", token)); } /** * 登录失败 * @param request * @param response * @param e * @throws IOException * @throws ServletException */ @Override protected void unsuccessfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException e) throws IOException, ServletException { ResponseUtil.out(response, R.error()); } } 复制代码
/** * 访问过滤器：授权filter * */ public class TokenAuthenticationFilter extends BasicAuthenticationFilter { private TokenManager tokenManager; private RedisTemplate redisTemplate; public TokenAuthenticationFilter(AuthenticationManager authManager, TokenManager tokenManager,RedisTemplate redisTemplate) { super(authManager); this.tokenManager = tokenManager; this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate; } @Override protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { logger.info("================="+req.getRequestURI()); if(req.getRequestURI().indexOf("admin") == -1) { chain.doFilter(req, res); return; } UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = null; try { authentication = getAuthentication(req); } catch (Exception e) { ResponseUtil.out(res, R.error()); } if (authentication != null) { SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication); } else { ResponseUtil.out(res, R.error()); } chain.doFilter(req, res); } private UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken getAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request) { // token置于header里 String token = request.getHeader("token"); if (token != null && !"".equals(token.trim())) { String userName = tokenManager.getUserFromToken(token); List<String> permissionValueList = (List<String>) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(userName); Collection<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>(); for(String permissionValue : permissionValueList) { if(StringUtils.isEmpty(permissionValue)) continue; SimpleGrantedAuthority authority = new SimpleGrantedAuthority(permissionValue); authorities.add(authority); } if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(userName)) { return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userName, token, authorities); } return null; } return null; } } 复制代码
总结
以上就是关于在springboot中进行spring security的相关逻辑。spring security授权和认证的流程大致其实跟自定义拦截器进行权限拦截是一样的。认证的过程就是客户端用户登录，然后服务端将用户登录信息缓存起来，最后服务端将用户信息（基本信息、权限、token等）返回给客户端。授权的过程，首先客户端发起请求，携带token，服务端解析token，判断用户是否登录，再从缓存中查询用户的菜单，判断用户是否有权限请求菜单，最后返回数据给客户端。
