PageObject（PO）设计模式在 UI 自动化中的实践总结（以 QQ 邮箱登陆为例）

package poshow.page;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import java.util.List;
public class BasePage {
    public static WebDriver driver;
    public WebElement findElement(By by){
        return driver.findElement(by);
    }
    public List<WebElement> finElements(By by){
        return driver.findElements(by);
    }
    public void click(By by){
       findElement(by).click();
    }
    public void sendKeys(By by,String context){
        findElement(by).sendKeys(context);
    }
    public String getText(By by){
        return findElement(by).getText();
    }
}

package poshow.page;
public class MainPage extends BasePage{
}

package poshow.page;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class LoginPage extends BasePage{
    //定位器
    By usernameInput = By.name("u");  //获取用户名输入框
    By passwordInput = By.id("p");    //获取密码输入框
    By submitLogin = By.cssSelector("#login_button"); //获取登录按钮
    By ErrM = By.id("err_m");  //获取错误提示信息
    public void openUrl(){
        String url = "https://mail.qq.com/";
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        driver.get(url);
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.switchTo().frame("login_frame");
    }
    private void sleepWait(){
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //业务方法
    /*
    登录方法
     */
    private void login(String username,String password){
        findElement(usernameInput).clear();
        findElement(passwordInput).clear();
        sendKeys(usernameInput,username);
        sendKeys(passwordInput,password);
        click(submitLogin);
    }
    /*
      成功登录
     */
    public MainPage loginSuccess(String username,String password){
        login(username,password);
        return new MainPage();
    }
    /*
     密码错误登录
     message:你输入的帐号或密码不正确，请重新输入。
     */
    public String loginWithErrPassword(String username,String password ){
        login(username,password);
        sleepWait();
        return getText(ErrM);
    }
    /*
    账号为空登录
    你还没有输入帐号！
     */
    public String loginWithErrUsername(String username,String password){
        login(username,password);
        sleepWait();
        return getText(ErrM);
    }
    /*
    密码为空登录
     */
    public String loginWithoutPassword(String username,String password){
        login(username,password);
        sleepWait();
        return getText(ErrM);
    }
}

package poshow.testcase;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
import poshow.page.LoginPage;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
@TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
public class LoginTest {
    LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage();
   @BeforeAll
   static void openUrl(){
        new LoginPage().openUrl();
    }
    @Test
    @DisplayName("密码错误登录")
    @Order(1)
    void loginWithErrPassword(){
        String username = "376057520";
        String password = "123456";
        String expectedErrM = "你输入的帐号或密码不正确，请重新输入。";
        String errM = loginPage.loginWithErrPassword(username, password);
        assertThat(errM,equalTo(expectedErrM));
    }
    @Test
    @DisplayName("账号错误登录")
    @Order(2)
    void loginWithErrUsername(){
        String username = "111";
        String password = "123456";
        String expectedErrM = "请输入正确的帐号！";
        String errM = loginPage.loginWithErrUsername(username, password);
        assertThat(errM,equalTo(expectedErrM));
    }
    @Test
    @DisplayName("空密码登录")
    @Order(3)
    void loginWithoutPassword(){
        String username = "376057520";
        String password = "";
        String expectedErrM = "你还没有输入密码！";
        String errM = loginPage.loginWithoutPassword(username, password);
        assertThat(errM,equalTo(expectedErrM));
    }
    @Test
    @DisplayName("正确登录")
    @Order(4)
    void logSuccess(){
       String username = "376057520";
       String password = "xxx";
       loginPage.loginSuccess(username,password);
    }
}