Google Earth Engine ——美国环境保护署 (USEPA) Ecoregions （地质、地貌、植被、气候、土壤、土地利用、野生动物和水文）数据集

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) provides the Ecoregions dataset to serve as a spatial framework for the research, assessment, management, and monitoring of ecosystems and ecosystem components. Ecoregions denote areas of general similarity in ecosystems and in the type, quality, and quantity of environmental resources. These general-purpose regions are critical for structuring and implementing ecosystem management strategies across federal agencies, state agencies, and nongovernmental organizations that are responsible for different types of resources within the same geographical areas.

The approach used to compile this map is based on the premise that ecological regions can be identified through the analysis of patterns of biotic and abiotic phenomena, including geology, physiography, vegetation, climate, soils, land use, wildlife, and hydrology. The relative importance of each characteristic varies from one ecological region to another.

This dataset includes the USEPA ecoregions classification scheme, as well as the scheme from the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC). Ecoregions are hierarchical, with Level IV being the most detailed and Level I defining the broadest classifications. Because of this hierarchy, Level III features retain information from Levels I and II. The CEC divided all of North America in distinct ecoregions for Levels I, II, and III, while the USEPA did so only for the United States at Level III and Level IV. The columns starting with 'us_' belong to the USEPA scheme, and the columns starting with 'na_' belong to the CEC scheme. The ingested version of this dataset contains features for the conterminous United States only (that is, Alaska and Hawaii are not included). Methods used to define the ecoregions are explained in Omernik (1995, 2004), Omernik and others (2000), and Gallant and others (1989)."

*Calculated by the data provider.

美国环境保护署 (USEPA) 提供 Ecoregions 数据集，作为研究、评估、管理和监测生态系统和生态系统组成部分的空间框架。生态区表示生态系统和环境资源的类型、质量和数量具有普遍相似性的区域。这些通用区域对于在同一地理区域内负责不同类型资源的联邦机构、州机构和非政府组织之间构建和实施生态系统管理战略至关重要。

用于编制该地图的方法基于这样一个前提，即可以通过分析生物和非生物现象的模式来识别生态区域，包括地质、地貌、植被、气候、土壤、土地利用、野生动物和水文。每个特征的相对重要性因一个生态区域而异。

该数据集包括 USEPA 生态区分类方案以及环境合作委员会 (CEC) 的方案。生态区是分层的，IV 级是最详细的，I 级定义了最广泛的分类。由于这种层次结构，III 级特征保留了来自 I 级和 II 级的信息。 CEC 将整个北美划分为不同的生态区，分为 I、II 和 III 级，而 USEPA 仅将美国划分为 III 级和 IV 级。以'us_'开头的列属于USEPA方案，以'na_'开头的列属于CEC方案。此数据集的摄取版本仅包含美国本土的特征（即不包括阿拉斯加和夏威夷）。 Omernik (1995, 2004)、Omernik 等人 (2000) 和 Gallant 等人 (1989) 解释了用于定义生态区的方法。”

*由数据提供者计算。

Dataset Availability

2013-04-16T00:00:00 - 2013-04-17T00:00:00

Dataset Provider

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Collection Snippet

ee.FeatureCollection("EPA/Ecoregions/2013/L3")

code：

var dataset = ee.FeatureCollection('EPA/Ecoregions/2013/L3');
var visParams = {
  palette: ['0a3b04', '1a9924', '15d812'],
  min: 23.0,
  max: 3.57e+11,
  opacity: 0.8,
};
var image = ee.Image().float().paint(dataset, 'shape_area');
Map.setCenter(-99.814, 40.166, 5);
Map.addLayer(image, visParams, 'EPA/Ecoregions/2013/L3');
Map.addLayer(dataset, null, 'for Inspector', false);

引用：

Commission for Environmental Cooperation. 1997. Ecological regions of North America: toward a common perspective. Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 71p. Map (scale 1:12,500,000). Revised 2006.

McMahon, G., S.M. Gregonis, S.W. Waltman, J.M. Omernik, T.D. Thorson, J.A. Freeouf, A.H. Rorick, and J.E. Keys. 2001. Developing a spatial framework of common ecological regions for the conterminous United States. Environmental Management 28(3):293-316.

Omernik, J.M. 1987. Ecoregions of the conterminous United States. Map (scale 1:7,500,000). Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77(1):118-125.

Omernik, J.M. 1995. Ecoregions: A spatial framework for environmental management. In: Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for Water Resource Planning and Decision Making. Davis, W.S. and T.P. Simon (eds.), Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. p. 49-62.

Omernik, J.M. 2004. Perspectives on the nature and definition of ecological regions. Environmental Management 34(Supplement 1):S27-S38.

Omernik, J.M. and G.E. Griffith. 2014. Ecoregions of the conterminous United States: evolution of a hierarchical spatial framework. Environmental Management 54(6):1249-1266.