1. gz文件类型：
解压：
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ gzip --help
Usage: gzip [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Compress or uncompress FILEs (by default, compress FILES in-place).
-d, --decompress decompress
...
-1, --fast compress faster
-9, --best compress better
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 484
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 487578 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_for.fastq.gz
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ gzip -d sample.reads_for.fastq.gz
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 1988
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_for.fastq
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
2. bz2文件类型
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ bzip2 --help
bzip2, a block-sorting file compressor. Version 1.0.6, 6-Sept-2010.
usage: bzip2 [flags and input files in any order]
-h --help print this message
-d --decompress force decompression
...
If invoked as `bzip2', default action is to compress.
as `bunzip2', default action is to decompress.
as `bzcat', default action is to decompress to stdout.
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 1824
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_for.fastq
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
#压缩
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ bzip2 sample.reads_for.fastq
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 320
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 322712 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_for.fastq.bz2
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
#解压
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ bunzip2 sample.reads_for.fastq.bz2
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 1824
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_for.fastq
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
#压缩： （添加 管道 命令）
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ bzip2 sample.reads_for.fastq | ll
total 1824
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_for.fastq
-rw-------. 1 arthur arthur 0 Sep 3 09:38 sample.reads_for.fastq.bz2
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 320
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 322712 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_for.fastq.bz2
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
#解压：（添加 管道 命令）
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ bzip2 -d sample.reads_for.fastq.bz2 | ll
total 320
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rw-------. 1 arthur arthur 0 Sep 3 09:39 sample.reads_for.fastq
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 322712 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_for.fastq.bz2
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 1824
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_for.fastq
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
3. xz文件类型：
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ xz --help
Usage: xz [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Compress or decompress FILEs in the .xz format.
-z, --compress force compression
-d, --decompress force decompression
-t, --test test compressed file integrity
-l, --list list information about .xz files
4. tar.gz， tar.bz2文件类型：
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ tar --help
Usage: tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...
GNU 'tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can
restore individual files from the archive.
Examples:
tar -cf archive.tar foo bar # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
tar -tvf archive.tar # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
tar -xf archive.tar # Extract all files from archive.tar.
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文件打包与解包
#查看当前目录与文件
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 5472
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:53 sample.reads_for.fastq
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_rev.fastq
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
#将文件 for 和 rev 打包为 seq.tar
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ tar -cf seq.tar sample.reads_for.fastq sample.reads_rev.fastq && ll
total 9112
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:53 sample.reads_for.fastq
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_rev.fastq
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 3727360 Sep 3 09:54 seq.tar
#查看包内文件：
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ tar -tvf seq.tar
-rwxrwxr-x arthur/arthur 1861842 2021-09-03 09:53 sample.reads_for.fastq
-rwxrwxr-x arthur/arthur 1861842 2021-09-03 09:30 sample.reads_rev.fastq
#解开包并将包内文件输出到新的路径下
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ tar -xf seq.tar -C ../Desktop/
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll ../Desktop/
total 5420
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 162525 Apr 14 11:37 20210414log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 1441063 Apr 15 02:44 20210415.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 46384 Apr 18 10:25 20210418log
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:53 sample.reads_for.fastq
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_rev.fastq
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 7284
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:53 sample.reads_for.fastq
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_rev.fastq
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 3727360 Sep 3 09:54 seq.tar
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文件打包压缩与文件解包解压缩
tar 可以使用 -z 参数来调用gzip进行压缩；使用 -j 参数来调用 bzip2 进行压缩；
tar 调用 compress , compress 也是一个压缩程序， `.Z`结尾的文件就是 bzip2 压缩的结果。相对应解压程序为 uncompress. tar 中使用 -Z 参数调用 compress
#文件打包压缩为 seq.tar.gz, 参数 `-Z`
#此处输出文件命名不规范，应为 seq.tar.Z
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ tar -Zcf seq.tar.gz sample.reads_for.fastq sample.reads_rev.fastq
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 8108
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:53 sample.reads_for.fastq
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_rev.fastq
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 3727360 Sep 3 09:54 seq.tar
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 841611 Sep 3 10:16 seq.tar.gz
#文件打包压缩为 seq2.tar.gz, 参数 `z`
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ tar -zcf seq2.tar.gz sample.reads_for.fastq sample.reads_rev.fastq
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 9060
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:53 sample.reads_for.fastq
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_rev.fastq
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 974587 Sep 3 10:19 seq2.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 3727360 Sep 3 09:54 seq.tar
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 841611 Sep 3 10:16 seq.tar.gz
#创建目录存放解包解压缩文件
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ mkdir seq2 seq1
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ ll
total 9060
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 4096 Sep 3 08:50 blog
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 42 Apr 7 04:11 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 arthur arthur 20 Apr 18 23:12 notes
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:53 sample.reads_for.fastq
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 arthur arthur 1861842 Sep 3 09:30 sample.reads_rev.fastq
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 41 Apr 15 09:41 script
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 6 Sep 3 10:21 seq1
drwxrwxr-x. 2 arthur arthur 6 Sep 3 10:21 seq2
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 974587 Sep 3 10:19 seq2.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 3727360 Sep 3 09:54 seq.tar
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arthur arthur 841611 Sep 3 10:16 seq.tar.gz
#
[arthur@localhost seq2]$ tar -zxvf ../seq2.tar.gz
sample.reads_for.fastq
sample.reads_rev.fastq
[arthur@localhost seq2]$ cd ../
[arthur@localhost Documents]$ cd seq1
#
[arthur@localhost seq1]$ tar -Zxvf ../seq.tar.gz
sample.reads_for.fastq
sample.reads_rev.fastq
5. 解压缩文件总结：
对于.tar结尾的文件：
- 对于
.gz结尾的文件：
-gzip -d file.gz
-gunzip file.gz - 对于
.tgz，.tar.gz结尾的文件
-tar -zxvf file.tar.gz
-tar -zxvf file.tgz - 对于
.bz2结尾的文件：
-bzip2 -d file.bz2
-bunzip2 file.bz2 - 对于
tar.bz2结尾的文件：
-tar -jxvf file.tar.bz2 - 对于
.Z结尾的文件：
-uncompress file.Z - 对于
.tar.Z结尾的文件：
-tar -xZf file.tar.Z
reference :
[1] 鸟哥私房菜
[2] 解压缩、压缩命令.runoob.
