实战：lamp+nginx代理+discuz+wordpress+phpmyadmin搭建-阿里云开发者社区

我们以模拟实际需求的形式来复习。

需求如下：

1. 准备两台centos 6，其中一台机器跑mysql，另外一台机器跑apache和nginx + php
2. 同时安装apache和nginx，其中nginx启动80端口，用来跑静态对象（图片、js、css），apache监听88端口，负责跑动态页（php相关的），并且需要由nginx代理对外访问
3. mysql服务器需要开启慢查询日志
4. 搭建discuz、wordpress以及phpmyadmin，域名分别为bbs.abc.com, blog.abc.com, pma.abc.com
5. 配置discuz的伪静态(nginx)
6. apache不需要记录日志，nginx记录日志，但不记录图片等静态页的日志，并且配置日志切割
7. 配置图片防盗链(nginx)
8. 配置图片缓存7天，js，css缓存1天(nginx)
9. discuz和wordpress访问后台限制一下ip白名单，比如只允许192.168.1.100访问(nginx)
10. phpmyadmin整个站点需要配置用户认证(nginx)
11. 写一个mysql备份的脚本，每天5点执行，需要远程拷贝到web机器上
12. 把除了百度、google外的其他常见搜索引擎蜘蛛封掉，比如（bingbot/2.0、Sogou web spider/4.0、360Spider、YisouSpider、YandexBot/3.0）(nginx)大家好，里面的图片仅供参考，只是一种思路，不要照搬！！对代理名词的理解：举个例子吧！你是供应商，你手下有一个业务代理，它帮你销售东西出去，如果你想不卖这个东西给某个公司或者地方，是不是给代理说说就好了。那我这里apache是供应商，nginx是代理商，所以nginx响应客户端，他知道客户的请求
实验环境：
1、VMware Workstation 10
2、设备A：MySQL，IP地址：192.168.137.102，HostName：mysql
3、设备B：LAMP环境+nginx代理，IP地址：192.168.137.107，HostName：lanp
4、Linux发行版：Centos 6.7 x86_64；
5、Nginx：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
6、Apache：httpd-2.2.16.tar.gz
7、PHP：php-5.3.28.tar.gz
8、MySQL:mysql-5.5.42-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
9、discuz：Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
10、wordpress：wordpress-4.2.2-zh_CN.tar.gz
11、phpmyadmin：phpMyAdmin-4.0.8-all-languages.zip
实验步骤：
设备A：mysql
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.42-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.5.42-linux2.6-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -p /data/mysql
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
vi /etc/init.d/mysql，basedir=/usr/local/mysql，datadir=/data/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh加入export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
service mysqld start
登录mysql授权：grant all on *.* to 'aming'@'192.168.137.107' identified by 'aminglinux.com';
设备B：LAMP
1. 安装apache
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf httpd-2.2.16.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.16
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2  --enable-mods-shared=most  --enable-so
make&make install
apache加入chkconfig
cp /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
vim /etc/init.d/httpd
在第一行#!/bin/sh下增加两行文字
# chkconfig: 35 70 30
# description: Apache
chkconfig --level 35 httpd on
2.  安装php
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zxvf php-5.3.28.tar.gz
cd php-5.3.28
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc  --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-bz2 --with-openssl --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd  --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd
make&make install
cp /usr/local/src/php-5.3.28/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
3、配置apache结合php
vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到:
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在该行下面添加:
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到:
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
将该行改为:
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
</IfModule>
找到:
#ServerName www.example.com:80
修改为:
ServerName localhost:80
vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf找到：
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
</Directory>
改为：
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Directory>
测试LAMP环境：在浏览器访问192.168.137.107，如果显示IT Works！表示LAMP环境搭建成功
mkdir data
cd data
在data目录分别创建bbs、blog、pma目录
4.解压discuz并把upload下的内容移到bbs下
cd /usr/local/src
unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
mv upload/* /data/bbs
5.解压wordpress并把wordpress下的内容移到blog下
[root@lanp src]# tar zxvf wordpress-4.2.2-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@lanp src]# mv wordpress/* /data/blog
6.解压phpmyadmin并把phpMyAdmin-4.0.8-all-languages下的内容移到pma下
[root@lanp src]# unzip phpMyAdmin-4.0.8-all-languages.zip
[root@lanp src]# mv phpMyAdmin-4.0.8-all-languages/* /data/pma
7.把apache端口改成88：进入apache主配置文件，把lisen 80改成88
8.[root@lanp ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf（添加三个虚拟主机，并把80端口改成88）
<VirtualHost *:88>
#ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot "/data/bbs"
ServerName bbs.abc.com
#ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/bbs.abc.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/bbs.abc.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:88>
#ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
DocumentRoot "/data/blog"
ServerName blog.abc.com
ErrorLog "logs/blog.abc.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/blog.abc.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:88>
#ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
DocumentRoot "/data/pma"
ServerName pma.abc.com
ErrorLog "logs/pma.abc.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/pma.abc.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
检查配置文件是否有语法错误：
[root@lanp ~]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
检查88端口是否监听
[root@lanp ~]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
[root@lanp ~]# netstat -lnp
9.在真机win上的host文件里绑定ip和虚拟主机域名（host文件路径：C/windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts
192.168.137.107  bbs.abc.com blog.abc.com pma.abc.com
10.安装discuz
在浏览器访问bbs.abc.com/install/，会出现discuz图形安装界面，点我同意，出现很多目录不可写，为啥不可写呢？因为ps aux |grep httpd，httpd是以daemon用户运行。所以需要把discuz中不可写的目录的属主和属组改成daemon，chown -R daemon:daemon config/ data uc_client/data uc_server/data
回到浏览器刷新，下一步，再全新安装discuz
在mysql中创建discuz库并授权一个用户
mysql> create database discuz;
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'aming'@'192.168.137.107' identified by 'aminglinux.com';
mysql> flush privileges;
回到discuz浏览器，数据库名为discuz，数据库用户名为aming，数据库密码aminglinux.com
到此discuz论坛安装完毕

11.安装wordpress
在mysql中创建blog库
mysql> create database blog;
在浏览器中访问blog.abc.com：88进行安装

根据错误提示，在blog目录下创建wp-config.php然后把浏览器中方框内信息拷贝至wp-config.php目录

12.安装phpmyadmin
cp libraries/config.default.php config.inc.php
更改
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = 'yourrootpassword';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = 'yourdbip';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'config';##认证模式
在浏览器中访问pma.abc.com：88进行安装

13.安装nginx
[root@lanp src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
[root@lanp src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
[root@lanp nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre
make &make install
nginx启动脚本和配置文件
vim /etc/init.d/nginx  //加入如下内容
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings

NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"

start() {
      echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
      mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
      daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
      RETVAL=$?
      echo
      return $RETVAL
}

stop() {
      echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
      killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
      rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
      RETVAL=$?
      echo
      return $RETVAL
}

reload(){
      echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
      killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
      RETVAL=$?
      echo
      return $RETVAL
}

restart(){
      stop
      start
}

configtest(){
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}

case "$1" in
  start)
      start
      ;;
  stop)
      stop
      ;;
  reload)
      reload
      ;;
  restart)
      restart
      ;;
  configtest)
      configtest
      ;;
  *)
      echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
      RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on
service nginx start
service nginx configtest（检测配置文件，configtest相当于-t）
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 清空原来的配置，加入如下内容
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http

{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
'$host "$request_uri" $status'
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}

cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
mkdir vhosts
touch discuz.conf
touch pma.conf
touch blog.conf

14.discuz.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name bbs.abc.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/bbs;

#根据user_agent控制
if ($http_user_agent ~ 'bingbot/2.0|MJ12bot/v1.4.2|Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato|Gecko/20100315'){
         return 403;
}
location ~ admin.php {
      allow 192.168.31.141;
      deny all;
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP    $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
      expires    24h;
      access_log off;
}

location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$ {
      expires 7d;
      valid_referers none blocked server_names *.abc.com *.a.com *.b.com *.baidu.com\
      *.google.com *.google.cn *.soso.com ;
      if ($invalid_referer) {
            return 403;
            #rewrite ^/

;
      }
      access_log off;
}

rewrite ^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last;
      rewrite ^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
      rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;
      rewrite ^([^\.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
      rewrite ^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last;
      rewrite ^([^\.]*)/(fid|tid)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/index.php?action=$2&value=$3 last;

access_log /home/logs/discuz.log combined_realip;
检测nginx配置文件：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
重启nginx：service nginx restart
在浏览器访问bbs.abc.com，是可以正常进入discuz页面的。

15.blog.conf配置(参考  http://www.upupw.net/nginxhelp/n33.html)
server
{
listen 80;
server_name blog.abc.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/blog;
location /wp-admin/ {
      allow 127.0.0.1;
      deny all;
      location ~ \.php$ {
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      }
}

location  / {
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88/;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP    $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}

}

检测nginx配置文件是否有语法错误：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
重启nginx：service nginx restart
在浏览器访问：blog.abc.com，是可以访问的

16.配置pma.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name pma.abc.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/pma;

location / {
      auth_basic             "Auth";
      auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;

location ~ \.php$ {
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP    $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}

}
}
检测nginx配置文件是否有语法错误：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
重启nginx：service nginx restart
浏览器访问：pma.abc.com是可以访问到的

17、配置nginx的日志切割
[root@lanp vhosts]# vim /usr/local/sbin/logrotate.sh
#!/bin/bash
d=`date -d "-1 day" +%Y%m$d`
/bin/mv /home/logs/discuz.log /home/logs/discuz_$d.log
/etc/init.d/nginx reload >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
cd /home/logs
gzip discuz_$d.log

18、mysql备份脚本无需密码通过ssh执行rsync来同步文件的方法可以参考http://www.jb51.net/article/60192.htm
vim mysqlbak.sh
#!/bin/bash
source /etc/profile
d=`date +%F`
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p838024 wordpress >/data/mysqlbak/$d.wordpresssql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p838024 discuz >/data/mysqlbak/$d.discuzsql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p838024 phpmyadmin >/data/mysqlbak/$d.phpmyadminsql
rsync -avLupz -e "ssh -p 22" /data/mysqlbak/ 192.168.137.107:/tmp/
再把脚本放进crontab计划任务
chmod a+x mysqlbak.sh
crontab -e
*/3 * * * * /root/shell/mysqlbak.sh
关于rsync命令：
本地和远程需要安装rsync和openssh-clients
yum install rsync和yum install openssh-clients
-e参数作用：