KVM虚拟机的管理主要是通过virsh命令对虚拟机进行管理。
1. 查看KVM虚拟机配置文件及运行状态
(1) KVM虚拟机默认配置文件位置: /etc/libvirt/qemu/
autostart目录是配置kvm虚拟机开机自启动目录。
(2) virsh命令帮助
# virsh -help
或直接virsh命令和，再执行子命令。如下所示。
[root@node1 ~]# virsh
欢迎使用 virsh，虚拟化的交互式终端。
输入：'help' 来获得命令的帮助信息
'quit' 退出
virsh # help
……
(3) 查看kvm虚拟机状态
# virsh list --all
2. KVM虚拟机开机
# virsh start CentOS6.5-01
3. KVM虚拟机关机或断电
(1) 关机
默认情况下virsh工具不能对linux虚拟机进行关机操作，linux操作系统需要开启与启动acpid服务。在安装KVM linux虚拟机必须配置此服务。
# chkconfig acpid on
# service acpid restart
virsh关机
# virsh shutdown CentOS6.5-01
(2) 强制关闭电源
# virsh destroy Ser08R2-01
4. 通过配置文件启动虚拟机
# virsh create /etc/libvirt/qemu/Ser08R2-01.xml
# virsh create /etc/libvirt/qemu/CentOS6.5-01.xml
5. 配置开机自启动虚拟机
# virsh autostart CentOS6.5-01
autostart目录是kvm虚拟机开机自启动目录，可以看到该目录中有KVM配置文件链接。
6. 导出KVM虚拟机配置文件
# virsh dumpxml Ser08R2-01 > /etc/libvirt/qemu/Ser08R2-02.xml
KVM虚拟机配置文件可以通过这种方式进行备份。
7. 添加与删除KVM虚拟机
(1) 删除kvm虚拟机
# virsh undefine Ser08R2-01
说明：该命令只是删除wintest01的配置文件，并不删除虚拟磁盘文件。如下图所示。
(2) 重新定义虚拟机配置文件
通过导出备份的配置文件恢复原KVM虚拟机的定义，并重新定义虚拟机。
# mv /etc/libvirt/qemu/Ser08R2-02.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/Ser08R2-01.xml
# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/Ser08R2-01.xml
8. 编辑KVM虚拟机配置文件
# virsh edit Ser08R2-01
virsh edit将调用vi命令编辑/etc/libvirt/qemu/Ser08R2-01.xml配置文件。也可以直接通过vi命令进行编辑，修改，保存。
可以但不建议直接通过vi编辑。
[root@node1 qemu]# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/Ser08R2-01.xml
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<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh edit Ser08R2-01
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<domain
type
=
'kvm'
>
<name>Ser08R2-01<
/name
>
<uuid>9814b16e-d573-ace0-7bb3-b206fc66b8e1<
/uuid
>
<memory unit=
'KiB'
>2097152<
/memory
>
<currentMemory unit=
'KiB'
>2097152<
/currentMemory
>
<vcpu placement=
'static'
>2<
/vcpu
>
<os>
<
type
arch=
'x86_64'
machine=
'rhel6.6.0'
>hvm<
/type
>
<boot dev=
'hd'
/>
<
/os
>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<pae/>
<
/features
>
<clock offset=
'utc'
/>
<on_poweroff>destroy<
/on_poweroff
>
<on_reboot>restart<
/on_reboot
>
<on_crash>restart<
/on_crash
>
<devices>
<emulator>
/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
<
/emulator
>
<disk
type
=
'file'
device=
'disk'
>
<driver name=
'qemu'
type
=
'raw'
cache=
'none'
/>
<
source
file
=
'/data/kvm/Ser08R2-01.img'
/>
<target dev=
'hda'
bus=
'ide'
/>
<address
type
=
'drive'
controller=
'0'
bus=
'0'
target=
'0'
unit=
'0'
/>
<
/disk
>
<disk
type
=
'block'
device=
'cdrom'
>
<driver name=
'qemu'
type
=
'raw'
/>
<target dev=
'hdc'
bus=
'ide'
/>
<
readonly
/>
<address
type
=
'drive'
controller=
'0'
bus=
'1'
target=
'0'
unit=
'0'
/>
<
/disk
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-ehci1'
>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x04'
function
=
'0x7'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci1'
>
<master startport=
'0'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x04'
function
=
'0x0'
multifunction=
'on'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci2'
>
<master startport=
'2'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x04'
function
=
'0x1'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci3'
>
<master startport=
'4'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x04'
function
=
'0x2'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'ide'
index=
'0'
>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x01'
function
=
'0x1'
/>
<
/controller
>
<interface
type
=
'bridge'
>
<mac address=
'52:54:00:cd:11:41'
/>
<
source
bridge=
'br0'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x03'
function
=
'0x0'
/>
<
/interface
>
<serial
type
=
'pty'
>
<target port=
'0'
/>
<
/serial
>
<console
type
=
'pty'
>
<target
type
=
'serial'
port=
'0'
/>
<
/console
>
<input
type
=
'mouse'
bus=
'ps2'
/>
<graphics
type
=
'vnc'
port=
'5911'
autoport=
'no'
listen=
'0.0.0.0'
>
<listen
type
=
'address'
address=
'0.0.0.0'
/>
<
/graphics
>
<video>
<model
type
=
'cirrus'
vram=
'9216'
heads=
'1'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x02'
function
=
'0x0'
/>
<
/video
>
<memballoon model=
'virtio'
>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x05'
function
=
'0x0'
/>
<
/memballoon
>
<
/devices
>
<
/domain
>
|
9. virsh console 控制台管理linux虚拟机
# virsh console oeltest01
10. 其它virsh命令
(1) 挂起服务器
# virsh suspend CentOS6.5-01
(2) 恢复服务器
# virsh resume CentOS6.5-01
virsh命令丰富。可以执行各种维护任务，本文只是从维护与管理的角度例举了常用的命令，为该命令的使用提供一个思路。
本文转自 dengaosky 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/dengaosky/1984011，如需转载请自行联系原作者
