Kickstart无人值守安装操作系统
1. 什么是PXE?
他是一种引导方式．全称pre-bootexecution environment.通过网络接口启动计算机，不依赖本地存储设备（如硬盘）或本地已安装的操作系统；
一篇博客：http://www.zyops.com/autoinstall-kickstart
无人值守安装
总共分几个部分：
· 安装桌面：yum install –y “Desktop” “XWindow System”
· 安装httpd: yum install –y httpd
· 挂载ISO镜像文件，拷贝镜像文件到/var/www/html
· Tftp-server配置:yum install –y tftp-server
Vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp-server文件，修改disable值为no; server_args = -s/tftpboot ；重启xinetd:service xinetd restart
建立/tftpboot目录，复制pxelinux.0文件到他下面．
Cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/ 注意：如果这里找不到pxelinux.0文件需要我们安装syslinux包
下面我们还需要复制另外3个文件到/tftpboot下面：
Cp /var/www/html/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /tfptboot
Cp /var/www/html/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /tfptboot
Cp /var/www/html/isolinx/* /tfptboot
在/tfptboot下面建立一个目录：
Mkdir -p/tfptboot/pxelinux.cfg
复制文件isolinux.cfg到pxelinux.cfg:
Cp /var/www/html/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
这里我们需要修改/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default文件黄色标注的值为被改过的值：
#default text ks = http://192.168.42.130/abc/ks.cfg
#default vesamenu.c32
defaultks
#prompt 1
#timeout 600
timeout1
display boot.msg
menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.8!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000
labelks
menu label ^Installor upgrade an existing system
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
appendinitrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.42.130/abc/ks.cfg
label vesa
menu label Installsystem with ^basic video driver
kernel vmlinuz
appendinitrd=initrd.img nomodeset
label rescue
menu label ^Rescueinstalled system
kernel vmlinuz
appendinitrd=initrd.img rescue
label local
menu label Boot from^local drive
localboot 0xffff
label memtest86
menu label ^Memorytest
kernel memtest
append -
Dhcp配置：yum install dhcp –y 注意：新建的VM需要使用NAT模式
编辑配置文件：vi/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
# see/usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
# see 'man 5dhcpd.conf'
ddns-update-style interim;
log-facility local7;
ignore client-updates;
next-server192.168.42.130; tftp-server服务器地址
filename"/pxelinux.0"; PXE启动文件
subnet 192.168.42.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range dynamic-bootp192.168.42.100 192.168.42.200;
optiondomain-name-servers 192.168.42.2;
option routers192.168.42.2;
option subnet-mask255.255.255.0;
default-lease-time21600;
max-lease-time72000;
}
kickstart配置:记录人工干预填写的各个参数，生成ks.cfg文件．首先需要我们安装包：yuminstall –y system-config-kickstart之后执行这个命令即可．
Pxe配置：
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
url--url="http://192.168.42.130/OS"
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$LdXzG2rY$1ojDCc5//hi5EhFpp.E/z0
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# SELinux configuration
selinux --enforcing
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# System timezone
timezone America/Los_Angeles
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=50000
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=256
part /home --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1
%post--interpreter=/bin/bash
echo "kickstart">/root/testok.txt
%end
报错：
Could not find kernel image text
这个的根本原因是/tfptboot/pxelinux.cfg/default配置错误，正确的配置如下：
#default text ks = http://192.168.42.130/abc/ks.cfg
#default vesamenu.c32
default ks
#prompt 1
#timeout 600
timeout 1
display boot.msg
menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.8!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000
label ks
menu label ^Installor upgrade an existing system
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
appendinitrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.42.130/abc/ks.cfg
label vesa
menu label Installsystem with ^basic video driver
kernel vmlinuz
appendinitrd=initrd.img nomodeset
label rescue
menu label ^Rescueinstalled system
kernel vmlinuz
appendinitrd=initrd.img rescue
label local
menu label Boot from^local drive
localboot 0xffff
label memtest86
menu label ^Memorytest
kernel memtest
append -
本文转自chenzudao51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/victor2016/1949502 ，如需转载请自行联系原作者
