sorted sets类型及操作
sorted set是set的一个升级版本，它在set的基础上增加了一个顺序属性，这一属性在添加修改元素的时候可以指定，每次指定后，zset（有序集合）会自动重新按新的值调整顺序。可以理解为有两列的mysql表，一列存value，一列存顺序。操作中key理解为zset的名字。
zset的方法：
zadd：向名称为key的zset中添加元素member，score用于排序。如果该元素存在，则更新其顺序
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127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 1 one
(integer) 1
(0.76s)
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 2 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 3 two
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
3)
"two"
4)
"3"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1
1)
"one"
2)
"two"
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zrange：对有序集合中的元素按照score值进行升序排序
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127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
3)
"two"
4)
"3"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1
1)
"one"
2)
"two"
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zrem：删除名为key的zset中元素member
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127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
3)
"two"
4)
"3"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrem myzset two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
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zincrby：如果在名称为key的zset中已经存在元素member，则该元素的score增加increment，否则向该集合中添加该元素，其score的值为increment
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127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby myzset 2 one
"3"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"3"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby myzset 2 two
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"two"
2)
"2"
3)
"one"
4)
"3"
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如果增加的幅度值为负数，则表示自减
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127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"two"
2)
"2"
3)
"one"
4)
"3"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby myzset -2 one
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
3)
"two"
4)
"2"
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zrank：返回名称为key的zset中member元素的排名（按score从小到大排序），即下标（或者说是索引）
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127.0.0.1:6379>zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
3)
"two"
4)
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrank myzset one
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> zrank myzset two
(integer) 1
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在myzset中one的score为1，two的score为2，而索引是从0开始的，所以one的索引值为0，two的索引值为1.
注意：索引值和score值不相等，索引值比score值小1
zrevrank：返回名称为key的zset中member元素的排名（按score从大到小排序）即小标
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127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
3)
"two"
4)
"2"
5)
"three"
6)
"3"
7)
"four"
8)
"4"
9)
"five"
10)
"5"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank myzset five
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank myzset four
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank myzset three
(integer) 2
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zrevrank和zrank相反，zrevrank先将有序集合中的元素按照score进行降序排序，然后再获取元素的小标索引值
zrevrange：与zrange相反，对有序集合中的元素按照score值进行降序排序
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
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1)
"five"
2)
"5"
3)
"four"
4)
"4"
5)
"three"
6)
"3"
7)
"two"
8)
"2"
9)
"one"
10)
"1"
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zrangebyscore：返回集合中score在给定区间的元素
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127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"five"
2)
"5"
3)
"four"
4)
"4"
5)
"three"
6)
"3"
7)
"two"
8)
"2"
9)
"one"
10)
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore myzset 2 4 withscores
1)
"two"
2)
"2"
3)
"three"
4)
"3"
5)
"four"
6)
"4"
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zcount：返回集合中score在给定区间的元素的数量
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2
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127.0.0.1:6379> zcount myzset 2 4
(integer) 3
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zcard：返回集合中所有元素的个数
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127.0.0.1:6379> zcard myzset
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
3)
"two"
4)
"2"
5)
"three"
6)
"3"
7)
"four"
8)
"4"
9)
"five"
10)
"5"
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zremrangebyrank：删除集合在给定下标区间的所有元素
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127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
3)
"two"
4)
"2"
5)
"three"
6)
"3"
7)
"four"
8)
"4"
9)
"five"
10)
"5"
127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyrank myzset 1 3
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
3)
"five"
4)
"5"
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注意：这个是byrank，即按照所以来删除，不是按照score来删除
zremrangebyscore：删除集合在给定score区间的元素
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127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"one"
2)
"1"
3)
"five"
4)
"5"
127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyscore myzset 0 1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1)
"five"
2)
"5"
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