在.NET技术大系当中,有很多服务编程的技术,比如socket、windows service、.net remoting、message queue、web service、wcf等等,这些技术都往往与网络知识紧密相关,有时还会结合多线程等技术,实现特定的需求。这里只以Socket为例,看如何运用C#进行网络编程。
熟悉Socket编程的应该都不陌生,要实现Socket,需要一个服务端程序以及一个客户端程序,服务端程序绑定IP、Port,建立侦听;客户端程序建立连接,向服务端抛出请求,通过TCP或UDP协议,获得服务端的反馈,这是一个双工通信的过程。而且最重要的是,Socket通信与具体编程语言无关,C、C++、JAVA、C#、PHP、Flex等高级编程语言都提供了相应的实现。
下面这个是个客户端Socket的简单例子,也是实际工作中曾经用过的。当时的情况是Socket服务端是用Java开发的一个程序,通过使用Socket,让两台不同网络的的机器通过前置机获取对方的信息。通过客户端发起请求,服务端监听收到请求后,进行响应处理,并把封装好的XML文档返回客户端。客户端收到XML数据后进行解析处理即可。
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/// <summary>
/// 获取通讯中间件通过socket发送的数据,DataTable
/// </summary>
/// <param name="requestCode">请求code</param>
/// <param name="array">查询的条件,封装在数组里</param>
/// <param name="errMsg">错误提示</param>
/// <returns>经过一系列处理过后的DataTable</returns>
public
DataTable GetDataTable(
string
requestCode, IList<
string
> list,
out
string
errMsg)
{
try
{
string
ip = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[
"ip"
].ToString().Trim();
//中间件的ip地址
int
port = Convert.ToInt32(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[
"port"
].ToString().Trim());
//中间件的端口号
IPEndPoint serverip =
new
IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip), port);
using
(Socket clientSocket =
new
Socket(serverip.AddressFamily, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp))
{
clientSocket.Connect(serverip);
//socket连接指定中间件前置机
string
outBufferString =
string
.Empty;
//准备发送的报文
switch
(requestCode)
{
case
"111001"
:
outBufferString = PrepareSendPackets(
"111001"
, list);
break
;
case
"111002"
:
outBufferString = PrepareSendPackets(
"111002"
, list);
break
;
case
"111003"
:
outBufferString = PrepareSendPackets(
"111003"
, list);
break
;
default
:
break
;
}
byte
[] outBuffer =
new
byte
[2048];
outBuffer = Encoding.GetEncoding(
"gbk"
).GetBytes(outBufferString);
clientSocket.Send(outBuffer, outBuffer.Length, 0);
//发送报文
byte
[] inBuffer =
new
byte
[51200];
clientSocket.Receive(inBuffer, inBuffer.Length, 0);
//接收报文
string
inBufferString =
"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='gb2312' ?> "
;
inBufferString += Encoding.GetEncoding(
"gbk"
).GetString(inBuffer);
DataTable dt = ParsingPackets(requestCode, inBufferString,
out
errMsg);
return
dt;
}
}
catch
(Exception ex)
{
throw
ex;
}
}
|
再附一个完整一点的小例子。
这个程序简单实现了客户端发送消息,服务端接收消息并反馈给客户端消息的过程。用了同步模式,是最简单的socket通信模型。
服务端控制台:
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static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
//定义一个字典用于存放用户列表
Dictionary<
string
,
string
> users =
new
Dictionary<
string
,
string
>();
using
(Socket socket =
new
Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp))
{
IPEndPoint ipe =
new
IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(
"192.168.1.7"
), 1234);
socket.Bind(ipe);
socket.Listen(10);
Console.WriteLine(
"socket start!"
);
while
(
true
)
//服务端死循环,不断提供socket服务
{
Socket clientSocket = socket.Accept();
//等待客户端请求
IPEndPoint ip = (IPEndPoint)clientSocket.RemoteEndPoint;
string
remoteAddress = ip.Address.ToString();
//远程IP地址
byte
[] revBytes =
new
byte
[512];
clientSocket.Receive(revBytes);
//接收客户端发送的消息
string
user = Encoding.Default.GetString(revBytes);
if
(!users.ContainsKey(remoteAddress))
{
users.Add(remoteAddress, user);
}
Console.WriteLine(
"来自于"
+ remoteAddress +
"的用户:"
+ user);
string
content =
"欢迎来到socket的世界!"
;
byte
[] bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(content);
clientSocket.Send(bytes);
//发送服务端消息到客户端
clientSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
clientSocket.Close();
}
}
}
|
客户端WPF:
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public
MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private
string
ip;
//传入的ip
private
string
username;
//传入的用户名
public
MainWindow(
string
ip,
string
username)
{
InitializeComponent();
this
.ip = ip;
this
.username = username;
}
private
void
button1_Click(
object
sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
SendSocketPackge();
}
private
static
Socket client;
//socket对象
/// <summary>
/// 发送数据包
/// </summary>
private
void
SendSocketPackge()
{
//建立1个Socket对象发起TCP连接
client =
new
Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
client.Connect(IPAddress.Parse(
"192.168.1.7"
), 1234);
//连接到服务器指定IP及Port
string
userSays = username +
"说:"
+
this
.textBox1.Text;
//username自己用一个字符串代替
client.Send(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(userSays));
//将当前的用户名发送给服务器端
byte
[] bytes =
new
byte
[512];
client.Receive(bytes);
//接收服务端发送的消息
client.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
client.Close();
string
content =
string
.Join(
" "
, DateTime.Now.ToString(), Encoding.Default.GetString(bytes));
listBox1.Items.Add(content);
//将消息加载到listbox列表
}
private
void
Window_Loaded(
object
sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
ip = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName())[0].ToString();
this
.Title =
"来自:"
+ ip +
"的用户:"
+ username;
}
private
void
Window_Closing(
object
sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)
{
if
(client !=
null
&& client.Connected)
{
client.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
client.Close();
}
}
|
效果图:
服务启动时:
客户端界面:
点击发送后,服务端显示的消息:
由于代码比较简单,就不上传项目文件了,这里简单演示了一下C#Socket通信的核心代码。读者可以在此基础上不断扩展。
本文转自 guwei4037 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/csharper/1345244