puppet的默认资源
默认资源可以为资源初始化属性和值,通常默认资源声明在site.pp文件首部,代码如下:
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[root@sh-web1 ~]
# cat site.pp
Exec { path =>
'/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin'
}
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声明默认资源注意事项如下:
1、声明默认资源时首字母需要大写,如exec声明默认资源Exec、package声明默认资源Package等.
2、如果声明资源有一个名称空间资源"::",它的每个环节都需要首字母大写,如Concat::Fragment.
Exec默认资源的声明方法如下:
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Exec { path =>
'/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin'
}
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通过Exec默认资源声明path属性的环境变量值,在后续声明exec资源时可以直接调用系统命令而不用担心环境变量的问题.
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Package {provider =>
'rpm'
}
#Package首字母大写
package {
"nginx"
:}
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在默认资源中声明provider属性,指定包的安装方式为rpm,后续package资源中provider属性均为rpm.
puppet虚拟化资源
虚拟化资源与普通资源的区别,虚拟化资源定以后要先实例化再使用,而普通资源定义后直接可以使用,定义虚拟化资源的方法是在资源前追加@,如@user,这时的user资源就是一个虚拟化资源.在代码文件中将资源转换为虚拟资源后,puppet在执行的时候并不会调用它,如果想执行,需要通过realize函数或者"<||>"来实例化一个虚拟资源.
示例一:
希望在本机只创建test用户.
创建用户的puppet代码如下:
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class user {
@user {
"ops"
:
ensure => present,
home =>
'/data/home/ops'
,
shell =>
'/bin/bash'
,
}
@user {
"test"
:
ensure => present,
home =>
'/data/home/test'
,
shell =>
'/bin/bash'
,
}
}
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node节点调用:
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node base {
include admin
}
node
/sh-
(proxy|web)\d+/ inherits base {
case
$::
hostname
{
/sh-proxy
\d+/: {
include nginx
}
"sh-web1"
: {
include user
realize (User[
'test'
])
}
}
}
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注意:如果是普通资源的话include user时应该是上面定义的2个用户都被创建,但是定义为虚拟资源时realize实例化只创建了1个用户.
puppet运行的结果:
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[root@sh-web1 ~]
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Loading facts
Info: Caching catalog
for
sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version
'1509554205'
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/User/User
[
test
]
/ensure
: created
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Admin/Exec
[selinux]
/returns
: executed successfully
Notice: Finished catalog run
in
0.22 seconds
[root@sh-web1 ~]
# cat /etc/passwd | grep test
test
:x:502:502::
/data/home/test
:
/bin/bash
[root@sh-web1 ~]
# cat /etc/passwd | grep ops
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示例二:
安装nginx,普通资源定义:
init.pp文件.
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class nginx {
include app::nginx
include web::nginx
}
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app.pp文件.
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class app::nginx {
package {
"nginx"
:
ensure =>
'present'
,
}
}
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web.pp文件.
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class web::nginx {
package {
"nginx"
:
ensure =>
'present'
,
}
}
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node节点引用:
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node base {
include admin
}
node
/sh-
(proxy|web)\d+/ inherits base {
case
$::
hostname
{
/sh-proxy
\d+/: {
# include nginx
}
"sh-web1"
: {
include nginx
}
}
}
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puppet 更新:
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[root@sh-web1 ~]
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Loading facts
Error: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: Error 400 on SERVER: Duplicate declaration: Package[nginx] is already declared
in
file
/etc/puppet/modules/nginx/manifests/app
.pp:4; cannot redeclare at
/etc/puppet/modules/nginx/manifests/web
.pp:4 on node sh-web1.localdomain
Warning: Not using cache on failed catalog
Error: Could not retrieve catalog; skipping run
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注释:报错资源重复定义.
解决方案:使用虚拟资源定义解决:
nginx模块下init.pp文件、app.pp文件、web.pp文件内容:
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class nginx {
include app::nginx
include web::nginx
@package {
"nginx"
: ensure => installed}
}
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class app::nginx {
realize (Package[
'nginx'
])
}
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class web::nginx {
realize (Package[
'nginx'
])
}
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node节点引用:
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node base {
include admin
}
node
/sh-
(proxy|web)\d+/ inherits base {
case
$::
hostname
{
/sh-proxy
\d+/: {
# include nginx
}
"sh-web1"
: {
include nginx
}
}
}
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puppet agent端更新:
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[root@sh-web1 ~]
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Loading facts
Info: Caching catalog
for
sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version
'1509555656'
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Admin/Exec
[selinux]
/returns
: executed successfully
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/Package
[nginx]
/ensure
: created
Notice: Finished catalog run
in
4.02 seconds
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注释:适用于多版本的nginx定义.
示例三:
实例化一个虚拟资源除了系统提供的realize函数外,还可以用"<||>".
安装nginx为例:
nginx模块下的init.pp文件.
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class nginx {
include app::nginx
include web::nginx
@package {
"nginx"
: ensure => installed}
}
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nginx模块下的app.pp文件.
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class app::nginx {
Package<| title ==
'nginx'
|>
}
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nginx模板下的web.pp文件.
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class web::nginx {
Package<| title ==
'nginx'
|>
}
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node节点文件node.pp文件.
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node base {
include admin
}
node
/sh-
(proxy|web)\d+/ inherits base {
case
$::
hostname
{
/sh-proxy
\d+/: {
# include nginx
}
"sh-web1"
: {
include nginx
}
}
}
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puppet agent端更新:
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[root@sh-web1 ~]
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Loading facts
Info: Caching catalog
for
sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version
'1509704319'
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Admin/Exec
[selinux]
/returns
: executed successfully
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/Package
[nginx]
/ensure
: created
Notice: Finished catalog run
in
9.20 seconds
[root@sh-web1 ~]
# rpm -qa nginx
nginx-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64
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