Pip类似RedHat里面的yum,安装Python包非常方便。本节详细介绍pip的安装、以及使用方法。
Pip下载地址:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip/8.1.2
下载最新版的pip上传到服务器的/usr/local/src目录下
cd /usr/local/src/ tar zxvf pip-8.1.2.tar.gz cd pip-8.1.2 python setup.py install
报错:缺少模块setuptools
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "setup.py", line 6, in <module>
from setuptools import setup, find_packages
ImportError: No module named setuptools
解决:安装setuptools模块
地址:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools
使用命令直接安装setuptools模块:
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -O - | python
上图可以安装setuptools已经正确安装,然后重新安装pip
安装完成如下图:
检测pip是否安装成功,查看pip版本:
[root@zabbix pip-8.1.2]# pip -V
pip 8.1.2 from /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.6.egg (python 2.6)
# pip install SomePackage [...] Successfully installed SomePackage
# pip show --files SomePackage Name: SomePackage Version: 1.0 Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages Files: ../somepackage/__init__.py [...]
pip list --outdated
#可以看到图中有一个警告信息,告诉我们系统自带的python将在新版的pip失去支持,建议升级python版本。
# pip install --upgrade SomePackage [...] Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0 Uninstalling SomePackage: Successfully uninstalled SomePackage Running setup.py install for SomePackage Successfully installed SomePackage
$ pip uninstall SomePackage Uninstalling SomePackage: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage Proceed (y/n)? y Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
pip install redis
pip uninstall redis
# pip --help Usage: pip <command> [options] Commands: install 安装包. uninstall 卸载包. freeze 按着一定格式输出已安装包列表 list 列出已安装包. show 显示包详细信息. search 搜索包,类似yum里的search. wheel Build wheels from your requirements. zip 不推荐. Zip individual packages. unzip 不推荐. Unzip individual packages. bundle 不推荐. Create pybundles. help 当前帮助. General Options: -h, --help 显示帮助. -v, --verbose 更多的输出,最多可以使用3次 -V, --version 现实版本信息然后退出. -q, --quiet 最少的输出. --log-file <path> 覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志,默认文件:/root/.pip/pip.log --log <path> 不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志. --proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port. --timeout <sec> 连接超时时间 (默认15秒). --exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup. --cert <path> 证书.
ngxtop实时解析nginx访问日志,并且将处理结果输出到终端,功能类似于系统命令top,所以这个软件起名ngxtop。有了ngxtop,你可以实时了解到当前nginx的访问状况,再也不需要tail日志看屏幕刷新。
ngxtop项目地址:https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop
4.2.1、pip安装
pip install ngxtop
#看到上图表示已经安装成功
4.2.2、源码安装ngxtop
pip uninstall ngxtop
#如果已经pip安装
cd /usr/loca/src wget https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop/archive/master.zip -O ngxtop-master.zip unzip ngxtop-master.zip && cd ngxtop-master python setup.py install
#看到上图提示表示ngxtop已经安装成功
# ngxtop --help ngxtop - ad-hoc query for nginx access log. Usage: ngxtop [options] ngxtop [options] (print|top|avg|sum) <var> ... ngxtop info ngxtop [options] query <query> ... Options: -l <file>, --access-log <file> 需要分析的访问日志 -f <format>, --log-format <format> log_format指令指定的日志格式 [默认: combined] --no-follow ngxtop default behavior is to ignore current lines in log and only watch for new lines as they are written to the access log. Use this flag to tell ngxtop to process the current content of the access log instead. -t <seconds>, --interval <seconds> report interval when running in follow mode [default: 2.0] -g <var>, --group-by <var> 根据变量分组 [默认: request_path] -w <var>, --having <expr> having clause [default: 1] -o <var>, --order-by <var> 排序 [默认: count] -n <number>, --limit <number> 显示的条数 [default: 10] -a <exp> ..., --a <exp> ... add exp (must be aggregation exp: sum, avg, min, max, etc.) into output -v, --verbose 更多的输出 -d, --debug print every line and parsed record -h, --help 当前帮助信息. --version 输出版本信息. 高级选项: -c <file>, --config <file> 运行ngxtop解析nginx配置文件 -i <filter-expression>, --filter <filter-expression> filter in, records satisfied given expression are processed. -p <filter-expression>, --pre-filter <filter-expression> in-filter expression to check in pre-parsing phase. 范例: All examples read nginx config file for access log location and format. If you want to specify the access log file and / or log format, use the -f and -a options. "top" like view of nginx requests $ ngxtop 404前十的请求 $ ngxtop top request_path --filter 'status == 404' 总流量前十的请求 $ ngxtop --order-by 'avg(bytes_sent) * count' 访问量前十的ip地址 $ ngxtop --group-by remote_addr 输出400以上状态吗的请求以及请求来源 $ ngxtop -i 'status >= 400' print request status http_referer Average body bytes sent of 200 responses of requested path begin with 'foo': $ ngxtop avg bytes_sent --filter 'status == 200 and request_path.startswith("foo")' 使用common日志格式分析远程服务器Apache访问日志
$ ssh remote tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log | ngxtop -f common
ngxtop -c /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ngxtop -c /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf top remote_addr
ngxtop -i 'status == 404' print request status
ngxtop -n 20
ssh user@remote_server tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log | ngxtop -f common
报错意思是说ngxin执行文件要加到PATH路径中,加软链接
ln -s /opt/ngixn/sbin/nginx /sbin
#修改环境变量
source /etc/profile
本文转自Linux就该这么学博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/linuxprobe/p/5848194.html,如需转载请自行联系原作者