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4.5.4 Writing Recipes with Directory Search
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When a prerequisite is found in another directory through directory
search, this cannot change the recipe of the rule; they will execute as
written. Therefore, you must write the recipe with care so that it
will look for the prerequisite in the directory where `make' finds it.
This is done with the "automatic variables" such as `$^' (*note
Automatic Variables::). For instance, the value of `$^' is a list of
all the prerequisites of the rule, including the names of the
directories in which they were found, and the value of `$@' is the
target. Thus:
foo.o : foo.c
cc -c $(CFLAGS) $^ -o $@
(The variable `CFLAGS' exists so you can specify flags for C
compilation by implicit rules; we use it here for consistency so it will
affect all C compilations uniformly; *note Variables Used by Implicit
Rules: Implicit Variables.)
Often the prerequisites include header files as well, which you do
not want to mention in the recipe. The automatic variable `$<' is just
the first prerequisite:
VPATH = src:../headers
foo.o : foo.c defs.h hack.h
cc -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
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4.5.4 写目录搜索相关的片段
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当一个前提条件通过目录搜索在另一个目录中被发现，这并不会改变规则的片段;片段将按照所写的被执行。因此，你必须仔细地书写片段这样它可以在make找到的目录中搜索前提条件。
这是用 类似$^ 之类的自动变量来实现的(*note Automatic Variables::)。例如，$^的值是规则中所有前提条件的列表，其中也包括它们所在目录的名字，而$@是目的的名字。因此：
foo.o : foo.c
cc -c $(CFLAGS) $^ -o $@
(变量 CFLAGS 已存在，所以你可以用隐式规则来为C编译指定此标志；我们为一贯性考虑而是用它，所以它将影响到所有的C 编译； *note Variables Used by Implicit Rules: Implicit Variables)
通常，前提条件中也包括头文件，你可能不想在片段中提及此事。自动变量 $< 指代第一个前提条件:
VPATH = src:../headers
foo.o : foo.c defs.h hack.h
cc -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
后文待续
标签: GNU, make, manual
本文转自健哥的数据花园博客园博客，原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/gaojian/archive/2012/09/20/2694089.html，如需转载请自行联系原作者
