我们都知道，Ubuntu的官方源对于国内用户来说是比较慢的，可以将它的源换成国内的源（比如阿里源），这样用起来就很快了。下面记录下更换操作：
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首先了解下
/etc/apt/sources
.list.d文件
文件
/etc/apt/sources
.list是一个普通可编辑的文本文件，保存了ubuntu软件更新的源服务器的地址。
和sources.list功能一样的是
/etc/apt/sources
.list.d/*.list(*代表一个文件名，只能由字母、数字、下划线、英文句号组成)，
该文件夹下的文件是第三方软件的源，可以分别存放不同的第三源地址，只需“扩展名”为list即可。
sources.list.d目录下的*.list文件为在单独文件中写入源的地址提供了一种方式，通常用来安装第三方的软件。
如下是ubuntu官方sources.list文件内容：
deb http:
//archive
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http:
//archive
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http:
//archive
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http:
//archive
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http:
//archive
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http:
//archive
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http:
//archive
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http:
//archive
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http:
//archive
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http:
//archive
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
以上内容的具体含义如下：
1）每一行的开头是deb或者deb-src，分别表示直接通过.deb文件进行安装和通过源文件的方式进行安装。
2）deb或者deb-src字段之后，是一段URL，之后是五个用空格隔开的字符串，分别对应相应的目录结构。
在浏览器中输入http:
//archive
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
，并进入dists目录，可以发现有5个目录和前述sources.list文件中的第三列字段相对应。
任选其中一个目录进入，可以看到和sources.list后四列相对应的目录结构
以上官方的ubuntu源在国内使用，通常都会很慢，以至于在使用过程中报错。
----------------下面是我在线上使用过的一个ubuntu的源---------------------
root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~
# cat /etc/apt/sources.list|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"
deb http:
//cn
.archive.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
xenial main restricted
deb http:
//cn
.archive.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-updates main restricted
deb http:
//cn
.archive.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
xenial universe
deb http:
//cn
.archive.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-updates universe
deb http:
//cn
.archive.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
xenial multiverse
deb http:
//cn
.archive.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-updates multiverse
deb http:
//cn
.archive.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http:
//security
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu
xenial-security main restricted
deb http:
//security
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu
xenial-security universe
deb http:
//security
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu
xenial-security multiverse
--------------下面是替换成阿里源的内容-------------
root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~
# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http:
//mirrors
.aliyun.com
/ubuntu/
xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http:
//mirrors
.aliyun.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http:
//mirrors
.aliyun.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http:
//mirrors
.aliyun.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##测试版源
deb http:
//mirrors
.aliyun.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 源码
deb-src http:
//mirrors
.aliyun.com
/ubuntu/
xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http:
//mirrors
.aliyun.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http:
//mirrors
.aliyun.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http:
//mirrors
.aliyun.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##测试版源
deb-src http:
//mirrors
.aliyun.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# Canonical 合作伙伴和附加
deb http:
//archive
.canonical.com
/ubuntu/
xenial partner
deb http:
//extras
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu/
xenial main
root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~
# apt-get update 更新源
root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~
# apt-get upgrade 更新软件
-------------更换成其他开放的ubuntu源，做法和上面同理----------------
再比如下面更换成网易源（打开文件中的url。进入dists目录下就能看到xenial等对应的目录结构了）
root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~
# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http:
//mirrors
.163.com
/ubuntu/
xenial main restricted
deb http:
//mirrors
.163.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-updates main restricted
deb http:
//mirrors
.163.com
/ubuntu/
xenial universe
deb http:
//mirrors
.163.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-updates universe
deb http:
//mirrors
.163.com
/ubuntu/
xenial multiverse
deb http:
//mirrors
.163.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-updates multiverse
deb http:
//mirrors
.163.com
/ubuntu/
xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http:
//security
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu
xenial-security main restricted
deb http:
//security
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu
xenial-security universe
deb http:
//security
.ubuntu.com
/ubuntu
xenial-security multiverse
root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~
# apt-get update 更新源
root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~
# apt-get upgrade 更新软件
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本文转自散尽浮华博客园博客，原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/6699387.html，如需转载请自行联系原作者
