1,防御性编程。必要时应当考虑采取保护性拷贝的手段来保护内部的私有数据,先来看下面这个例子:
复制代码
pubic final class Period
{
private final Date start;
private final Date end;
public Period(Date start, Date end)
{
if (start.compareTo(end) > 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(start + "after " + end);
this.start = start;
this.end = end;
}
public Date getStart()
{
return start;
}
public Date getEnd()
{
return end;
}
}
复制代码
这个类存在两个不安全的地方,首先来看第一个攻击代码
Date start = new Date();
Date end = new Date();
Period p = new Period(start, end);
end.setYear(78);//改变p的内部数据!
这是因为外部和内部引用了同样的数据,为了解决这个问题,应当修改Period的构造函数:
复制代码
public Period(Date start, Date end)
{
this.start = new Date(start.getTime());
this.end = new Date(end.getTime());
if (start.compareTo(end) > 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(start + "after " + end);
}
复制代码
这样内部的私有数据就与外部对象指向不同,则不会被外部改变
再来看第二个攻击代码:
Date start = new Date();
Date end = new Date();
Period p = new Period(start, end);
p.getEnd().setYear(78);//改变p的内部数据!
这很显然是由于公有方法暴露了内部私有数据,我们可以只返回内部私有数据的只读版本(即其一份拷贝)
复制代码
public Date getStart()
{
return (Date)start.clone();
}
public Date getEnd()
{
return (Date)end.clone();
}
复制代码
2,读到上面这个例子,我想起来了下面这样的代码片段
复制代码
public class Suit
{
private final String name;
private static int nextOrdinal = 0;
private final int ordinal = nextOrdinal++;
private Suit(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public String toString()
{
return name;
}
public int compareTo(Object o)
{
return o
}
public static final Suit CLUBS = new Suit("Clubs");
public static final Suit DIAMONDS = new Suit("diamonds");
public static final Suit HEARTS = new Suit("hearts");
public static final Suit SPADES = new Suit("spades");
private static final Suit[] PRIVATE_VALUES = {CLUBS,DIAMONDS,HEARTS,SPADES};
public static final List VALUES = Collections.unmodifiedList(Arrays.asList(PRIVATE_VALUES));
}
复制代码
本文转自Phinecos(洞庭散人)博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/phinecos/archive/2009/09/28/1575645.html,如需转载请自行联系原作者