SQL-记录表历史

很多时候，都需要对数据表进行历史记录。比如每修改一次表单，之前的表单数据都需要计入历史。当表单比较多的时候，记录历史是一件比较麻烦的事情。又要建日志表，又要写存储过程，又要写页面逻辑等等。有没有通用点的办法呢？最近做项目时碰到了，要求每次审核、退回等操作时就要记录表历史。于是，笔者就想到了以下方案。在此与大家分享了，如果有更合适的或合理的建议，请回复本帖。

1）创建日志表

一个一个建表是一件烦躁的事，而且还容易出错。那么，以下存储过程就能批量建表了，还添加了LogCreateDate、LogDefaultFlag、LogPTID这3个字段。值得注意的是，创建表结构可以用以下语句“SELECT * Into tableName_Log FROM tableName”。如果只需要复制表结构，那就插入一行，再删除就是。

SQL里面实现遍历数据集不方便，不想用游标，于是采用了以下方式。具体存储过程如下：

USE [NbShop]
GO
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[CreateLogTable]    Script Date: 07/02/2011 12:54:32 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO


-- =============================================
-- Author:		LWQ
-- Create date: 2011-6-29
-- Description:	创建日志表（命名规则：表名+_Log）
-- =============================================
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[CreateLogTable]
AS
BEGIN
	-- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
	-- interfering with SELECT statements.
	SET NOCOUNT ON;

    -- Insert statements for procedure here
	-------------------创建日志表------------------------------
declare @rows     int
declare @n        int
declare @tableName        varchar(100)
select @n=1
	SELECT     name
	INTO            [#tempTables]
	FROM         sys.sysobjects
	WHERE     (xtype = 'U ') AND (name NOT IN ('sysdiagrams', 'T_BasicTime', 'T_Attribute', 'T_AttributeType', 'T_BasicTime', 'T_City','T_CompeteForMeasu', 
						  'T_DocumentTypeRestrictions', 'T_FormRelevance', 'T_HistroyShopAction', 'T_Notice', 'T_NoticeReceive', 'T_Organize', 'T_OrgType', 
						  'T_Province', 'T_Role', 'T_RptShopStatus', 'T_UploadFile', 'T_UrlPrint'))
						  AND (name NOT LIKE '%flow%') AND (name NOT LIKE '%Control%') AND 
						  (name NOT LIKE '%Menu%') AND (name NOT LIKE '%Node%') AND (name NOT LIKE '%Log%') AND (name NOT LIKE '%Event%') AND (name NOT LIKE '%Object%') AND 
						  (name NOT LIKE '%Process%') AND (name NOT LIKE '%ShopStatus%') AND (name NOT LIKE '%Task%') 
						  AND (name NOT LIKE '%ThirdParty%') AND (name NOT LIKE '%User%')
						  AND (name NOT LIKE '%order%')
	
	Select * from   #tempTables
	Select name into #tempCurrent  from #tempTables
	Delete from	 #tempCurrent

	 select @rows = @@rowcount
	while @n <= @rows
	begin
	  set @tableName=(Select  top 1  name from #tempTables 
	  Where name not in 
	  (select name from #tempCurrent))
	  if(@tableName is not null)
	  begin
		insert into #tempCurrent values(@tableName)
		if object_id(@tableName+'_Log') is not null 
		begin
			print   '表'+  @tableName +'已存在，仅做数据更新处理'
			exec ('INSERT INTO'+ @tableName +'_Log SELECT * FROM '+@tableName)				
		end
		else
		begin
			exec ('SELECT * Into '+@tableName+'_Log FROM '+@tableName)
			print   '表'+  @tableName +'创建成功'
			exec ('alter   table   '+@tableName+'_Log   add   LogCreateDate   datetime')
			exec ('alter   table   '+@tableName+'_Log   add   LogDefaultFlag   int')
			exec ('alter   table   '+@tableName+'_Log   add   LogPTID   varchar(32)')
----			if   col_length( @tableName+' ',   'LogCreateDate ')   is not   null 
----			begin
----				exec ('ALTER   TABLE   '+@tableName+'   DROP   COLUMN   LogCreateDate')	
----				print '删除'+@tableName+'的列LogCreateDate成功'
----			end
----			if(@tableName not in ('T_Shop','T_MeasurementAddress','T_TurnAround','T_IrisInstrumentHistory','T_ChainTurnApplication','T_TrainingNotice'))
----			begin
----				if   col_length( @tableName+' ',   'CreateDate ')   is not   null 
----				begin
----					exec ('ALTER   TABLE   '+@tableName+'   DROP   COLUMN   CreateDate ')
----					print '删除'+@tableName+'的列CreateDate成功'
----				end	
----			end
		end
	  end
		select @n = @n + 1
	end
	drop table	#tempCurrent
	drop table	#tempTables
-------------------创建日志表------------------------------
END

2）删除日志表

在开发过程中，难免会对字段进行更改。于是删除的存储过程也得有。具体代码如下：

USE [NbShop]
GO
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[DropLogTable]    Script Date: 07/02/2011 12:54:29 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author:		LWQ
-- Create date: 2011-6-29
-- Description:	删除日志表（_log）
-- =============================================
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[DropLogTable]
AS
BEGIN
	-- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
	-- interfering with SELECT statements.
	SET NOCOUNT ON;

    -------------------删除日志表------------------------------
declare @rowsIndex     int
declare @nIndex        int
declare @LogTableName        varchar(100)
select @nIndex=1
	SELECT     name
	INTO            #LogtempTables
	FROM         sys.sysobjects
	WHERE     (xtype = 'U ') AND (name like '%\_log' escape '\')  
	Select * from #LogtempTables
	Select name into #LogtempCurrent  from #LogtempTables
	Delete from	 #LogtempCurrent
	select @rowsIndex = (Select count(*) from   #LogtempTables)
	print	@rowsIndex
	
while @nIndex <= @rowsIndex
begin
  set @LogTableName=(Select  top 1  name from #LogtempTables 
  Where name not in 
  (select name from #LogtempCurrent))
  if(@LogTableName IS NOT NULL)
  begin
	insert into #LogtempCurrent values(@LogTableName)
	print	  'Drop table '+@LogTableName
	exec ('Drop table '+@LogTableName)
	print	 '删除'+@LogTableName+'成功'
  end
 
  select @nIndex = @nIndex + 1
end
Drop table	 #LogtempTables
Drop table	 #LogtempCurrent
SELECT     name	FROM         sys.sysobjects 	WHERE     (xtype = 'U ') AND (name like '%\_log' escape '\') 
-------------------删除日志表------------------------------
END

以上语句值得注意的是在查找以“_Log”结尾的表名的搜索条件，需要加上“escape '\'”。

3）记录日志

日志表有了，还得记录日志呢。为每个表写个存储过程会过于繁琐，而且改动了就得跟着改动。就是码农也吃不消。于是有了以下存储过程，该存储过程定义了7个参数，允许传入存储过程、

表名、Where条件等。具体如下：

USE [NbShop]
GO
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[RecordLog]    Script Date: 07/02/2011 12:54:07 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO


-- =============================================
-- Author:		LWQ
-- Create date: 2011-6-29
-- Description:	记录日志
-- =============================================
ALTER PROCEDURE   [dbo].[RecordLog]
	@ObjectID varchar(32),						---门店ID
	@TableName varchar(100),					---表名
	@PTID varchar(32),							---PTID（阶段ID），可选
	@PhasesID varchar(32),						---阶段ID，可选
	@ProcedureName varchar(200),				---存储过程名称，可选
	@InsertSQLWhere nvarchar(1000),					---主表的筛选条件
	@UpdateSQLWhere nvarchar(1000)					---主表的筛选条件
AS
BEGIN
	-- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
	-- interfering with SELECT statements.
	SET NOCOUNT ON;
    
    IF (@ProcedureName is not NULL)
    BEGIN
		exec ('exec('+@ProcedureName+''''+@ObjectID+''','''+@PTID+''','''+@PhasesID+''')')
    END
    ELSE IF(@InsertSQLWhere IS NOT NULL)
    BEGIN
		IF(@UpdateSQLWhere IS NOT NULL)
		Begin
			exec('Update '+	@tableName +'_Log Set LogDefaultFlag=0 ' +@UpdateSQLWhere)
		End
		Else
		Begin
			declare @UpdateExecSQL nvarchar(2000)
			Select @UpdateExecSQL='Update '+	@tableName +'_Log Set LogDefaultFlag=0 Where '
			--------------判断是否存在ObjectID列（门店ID）-----------------------------
			if @ObjectID IS NOT NULL AND col_length( @tableName+' ',   'ObjectID ')   is not   null 
			BEGIN
				Select @UpdateExecSQL=@UpdateExecSQL+' ObjectID='''+@ObjectID+''' '
			END		
			Else
			Begin
				Select @UpdateExecSQL=@UpdateExecSQL+' ShopID='''+@ObjectID+''' '
			END
			exec(@UpdateExecSQL)
		END
		exec('INSERT INTO '+	@tableName +'_Log SELECT *,getdate(),1,'''+@PTID+''' FROM '  + @tableName+' '+@InsertSQLWhere)
    END
    ELSE
    BEGIN
		declare @InsertSQL nvarchar(2000)
		declare @UpdateSQL nvarchar(2000)
		Declare @WhereCount int
		Select @WhereCount=0 
		
		Select @UpdateSQL='Update '+@tableName+'_Log Set LogDefaultFlag=0 '
		select @InsertSQL='INSERT INTO '+	@tableName +'_Log SELECT *,getdate(),1,'''+@PTID+''' FROM '  + @tableName;
		--------------判断是否存在DefaultFlag列-------------------------
		if   col_length( @tableName+' ',   'DefaultFlag ')   is not   null 
		BEGIN
			select @InsertSQL=@InsertSQL+' Where DefaultFlag=1 '
			Select @WhereCount=@WhereCount+1		
		END
		--------------判断是否存在ObjectID列（门店ID）-----------------------------
		if @ObjectID IS NOT NULL AND col_length( @tableName+' ',   'ObjectID ')   is not   null 
		BEGIN
			IF(@WhereCount>0)
			BEGIN
				select @InsertSQL=@InsertSQL+' AND ObjectID='''+@ObjectID+''' '
				Select @UpdateSQL=@UpdateSQL+' AND ObjectID='''+@ObjectID+''' '
			END
			ELSE
			BEGIN
				select @InsertSQL=@InsertSQL+' WHERE ObjectID='''+@ObjectID+''' '
				Select @UpdateSQL=@UpdateSQL+' WHERE ObjectID='''+@ObjectID+''' '
			END
			Select @WhereCount=@WhereCount+1		
		END
		--------------判断是否存在ShopID列（门店ID）-----------------------------
		if @ObjectID IS NOT NULL AND col_length( @tableName+' ',   'ShopID ')   is not   null 
		BEGIN
			IF(@WhereCount>0)
			BEGIN
				select @InsertSQL=@InsertSQL+' AND ShopID='''+@ObjectID+''' '
				Select @UpdateSQL=@UpdateSQL+' AND ShopID='''+@ObjectID+''' '
			END
			ELSE
			BEGIN
				select @InsertSQL=@InsertSQL+' WHERE ShopID='''+@ObjectID+''' '
				Select @UpdateSQL=@UpdateSQL+' WHERE ShopID='''+@ObjectID+''' '
			END
			Select @WhereCount=@WhereCount+1		
		END
		--------------判断是否存在PTID列（模版ID）-----------------------------
		if @PTID IS NOT NULL AND col_length( @tableName+' ',   'PTID ')   is not   null 
		BEGIN
			IF(@WhereCount>0)
			BEGIN
				select @InsertSQL=@InsertSQL+' AND PTID='''+@PTID+''' '
			END
			ELSE
			BEGIN
				select @InsertSQL=@InsertSQL+' WHERE PTID='''+@PTID+''' '
			END
			Select @WhereCount=@WhereCount+1		
		END
		--------------判断是否存在PhasesID列（阶段ID）-----------------------------
		if @PhasesID IS NOT NULL AND  col_length( @tableName+' ',   'PhasesID ')   is not   null 
		BEGIN
			IF(@WhereCount>0)
			BEGIN
				select @InsertSQL=@InsertSQL+' AND PhasesID='''+@PhasesID+''' '
			END
			ELSE
			BEGIN
				select @InsertSQL=@InsertSQL+' WHERE PhasesID='''+@PhasesID+''' '
			END
			Select @WhereCount=@WhereCount+1		
		END
		print @UpdateSQL
		exec (@UpdateSQL)
		print @InsertSQL
		Exec  (@InsertSQL)
    END
   
END

存储过程有了，再配个XML，根据参数把TableName配进去，再加点可配的自定义属性什么的，例如：

  <Control Display="解约申请">
    <QueryStrings>
      <QueryString QueryName="PEId">D80E55971198454F97F7EBFE89D239DC</QueryString>
    </QueryStrings>
    <Url><![CDATA[/FormServerTemplates/ChainsReleaseForm.aspx]]></Url>
    <SQlTableName>T_ChainsReleaseForm</SQlTableName>
    <SQlTableName SQlWhere=" Where CRFID=(Select top 1 CRFID from T_ChainsReleaseForm Where ShopID={@ShopID@})">T_GeneralFromTable</SQlTableName>
  </Control>
  <Control Display="客户信息表">
    <QueryStrings>
      <QueryString QueryName="PEId">E515165457C5493DA605D4E66416A685</QueryString>
      <QueryString QueryName="PEId">F9D6E25D978D4E5DB061AE33D68EE279</QueryString>
      <QueryString QueryName="PEId">D9B9D05380EF4F11B2D2A74D0684DF4B</QueryString>
      <QueryString QueryName="PEId">45C2B486EB7A463E94B3D55D48DB4A74</QueryString>
      <QueryString QueryName="PEId">509B5BB3A3B14912ACD633F28A6C91A1</QueryString>
      <QueryString QueryName="PEId">0CFE53A2A3BB4D6A891B34AA43B0FAC7</QueryString>
      <QueryString QueryName="PEId">70247883D6414746848E0CE22F06A3F3</QueryString>
      <QueryString QueryName="PEId">C1E2AD7DFC674DC2AA8434763D4DA0A3</QueryString>
      <QueryString QueryName="PEId">EE895BBB5B2D43179B196F753ACADCC9</QueryString>
    </QueryStrings>
    <Url><![CDATA[/FormServerTemplates/AddShopInfo.aspx]]></Url>
    <SQlTableName>T_Shop</SQlTableName>
    <SQlTableName>T_Shopkeeper</SQlTableName>
    <SQlTableName>T_Acreage</SQlTableName>
    <SQlTableName>T_BusinessDistrict</SQlTableName>
    <SQlTableName>T_Compete</SQlTableName>
    <SQlTableName>T_SupportingFacility</SQlTableName>
  </Control>

这样，就一劳永逸了。