与众不同 windows phone (21) - Device（设备）之摄像头（拍摄照片, 录制视频）

<phone:PhoneApplicationPage 
    x:Class="Demo.Device.Camera.ImageDemo"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:phone="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"
    xmlns:shell="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Shell;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    FontFamily="{StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal}"
    FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal}"
    Foreground="{StaticResource PhoneForegroundBrush}"
    SupportedOrientations="Landscape" Orientation="Landscape"
    mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignHeight="480" d:DesignWidth="800"
    shell:SystemTray.IsVisible="False">

    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
        <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical">

            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                <Canvas Width="320" Height="240">
                    <Canvas.Background>
                        <VideoBrush x:Name="videoBrush" />
                    </Canvas.Background>
                </Canvas>

                <!--显示拍摄到的图片-->
                <Image Name="imgCapture" Width="320" Height="240" Margin="20 0 0 0" />
                <!--显示拍摄到的图片的缩略图-->
                <Image Name="imgCaptureThumbnail" Width="32" Height="24" Margin="20 0 0 0" />
            </StackPanel>

            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                <Button x:Name="btnShutter" Content="快门" Click="btnShutter_Click" />
                <Button x:Name="btnFlash" Content="闪光灯" Click="btnFlash_Click" />
                <Button x:Name="btnResolution" Content="分辨率" Click="btnResolution_Click" />
            </StackPanel>

            <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" />

        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>

</phone:PhoneApplicationPage>

/*
 * 演示如何使用摄像头拍摄照片
 * 
 * PhotoCamera - 用于提供相机功能
 *     CameraType - 摄像头的类型（Microsoft.Devices.CameraType 枚举）
 *         Primary - 主摄像头
 *         FrontFacing - 前置摄像头
 *     AvailableResolutions - 获取摄像头的可用分辨率集合（返回一个 IEnumerable<Size> 类型的对象）
 *     FlashMode - 相机的闪光灯模式（Microsoft.Devices.FlashMode 枚举）
 *         On - 启用闪光灯
 *         Off - 禁用闪光灯
 *         Auto - 自动闪光灯
 *         RedEyeReduction - 消除红眼闪光灯
 *     Resolution - 相机的分辨率
 *     Orientation - 取景器与相机传感器对齐所需要顺时针旋转的度数（只读）
 *     
 *     CaptureImage() - 拍摄相机当前捕获到的照片
 *     IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode mode) - 相机是否支持指定的闪光灯模式
 *     
 *     Initialized - 相机初始化时触发的事件（事件参数为 CameraOperationCompletedEventArgs 类型）
 *     CaptureStarted - 相机开始捕获图片时触发的事件
 *     CaptureCompleted - 相机捕获图片完成时触发的事件（事件参数为 CameraOperationCompletedEventArgs 类型）
 *     CaptureImageAvailable - 获得了捕获到的图片时触发的事件（事件参数为 ContentReadyEventArgs 类型）
 *     CaptureThumbnailAvailable - 获得了捕获到的图片的缩略图时触发的事件（事件参数为 ContentReadyEventArgs 类型）
 *     
 * 
 * CameraOperationCompletedEventArgs
 *     Succeeded - 操作是否成功
 *     Exception - 异常信息
 *     
 * 
 * ContentReadyEventArgs
 *     ImageStream - 获取到的图像流 
 *     
 * 
 * 注：如果要求只使用前置摄像头的话，则在 manifest 中添加 <Capability Name="ID_HW_FRONTCAMERA"/>
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using Microsoft.Phone.Controls;

using Microsoft.Devices;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.IsolatedStorage;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;

namespace Demo.Device.Camera
{
    public partial class ImageDemo : PhoneApplicationPage
    {
        private PhotoCamera _camera;

        // 当前使用的摄像头分辨率在摄像头支持的分辨率集合中的索引
        private int _currentResolutionIndex = 0;

        public ImageDemo()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
        {
            // 设备是否支持主摄像头
            if (PhotoCamera.IsCameraTypeSupported(CameraType.Primary))
            {
                // 获取主摄像头，并注册相关事件
                _camera = new PhotoCamera(CameraType.Primary);
                _camera.Initialized += _camera_Initialized;
                _camera.CaptureStarted += _camera_CaptureStarted;
                _camera.CaptureCompleted += _camera_CaptureCompleted;
                _camera.CaptureImageAvailable += _camera_CaptureImageAvailable;
                _camera.CaptureThumbnailAvailable += _camera_CaptureThumbnailAvailable;

                // 在 VideoBrush 上显示摄像头捕获到的实时信息
                videoBrush.SetSource(_camera);

                lblMsg.Text = "设备的主摄像头正在工作";
            }
            else
            {
                lblMsg.Text = "此设备没有主摄像头";

                btnShutter.IsEnabled = false;
                btnFlash.IsEnabled = false;
                btnResolution.IsEnabled = false;
            }
        }

        protected override void OnNavigatingFrom(NavigatingCancelEventArgs e)
        {
            // 释放相关资源
            if (_camera != null)
            {
                _camera.Dispose();

                _camera.Initialized -= _camera_Initialized;
                _camera.CaptureStarted -= _camera_CaptureStarted;
                _camera.CaptureCompleted -= _camera_CaptureCompleted;
                _camera.CaptureImageAvailable -= _camera_CaptureImageAvailable;
                _camera.CaptureThumbnailAvailable -= _camera_CaptureThumbnailAvailable;
            }
        }

        void _camera_Initialized(object sender, CameraOperationCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Succeeded)
            {
                this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
                {
                    // 初始化闪光灯模式
                    _camera.FlashMode = FlashMode.Off;
                    btnFlash.Content = "闪光灯：Off";

                    // 初始化分辨率设置
                    _camera.Resolution = _camera.AvailableResolutions.ElementAt<Size>(_currentResolutionIndex);
                    btnResolution.Content = "分辨率：" + _camera.AvailableResolutions.ElementAt<Size>(_currentResolutionIndex);

                    lblMsg.Text = "主摄像头初始化成功";
                });
            }
        }

        void _camera_CaptureStarted(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // 开始捕获
            this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
            {
                lblMsg.Text = "图片开始捕获";
            });
        }

        void _camera_CaptureCompleted(object sender, CameraOperationCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 拍照完成
            this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
            {
                lblMsg.Text = "图片捕获完成";
            });
        }

        void _camera_CaptureImageAvailable(object sender, ContentReadyEventArgs e)
        {
            // 获得了所拍摄的图片
            this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
            {
                var bitmapImage = new BitmapImage();
                bitmapImage.SetSource(e.ImageStream);

                imgCapture.Source = bitmapImage;
            });
        }

        public void _camera_CaptureThumbnailAvailable(object sender, ContentReadyEventArgs e)
        {
            // 获得了所拍摄的图片的缩略图
            this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
            {
                var bitmapImage = new BitmapImage();
                bitmapImage.SetSource(e.ImageStream);

                imgCaptureThumbnail.Source = bitmapImage;
            });
        }

        private void btnShutter_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (_camera != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    // 拍摄摄像头当前捕获的图片
                    _camera.CaptureImage();
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    lblMsg.Text = "拍摄失败：" + ex.Message;
                }
            }
        }

        // 摄像头分辨率的轮换
        private void btnResolution_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (++_currentResolutionIndex >= _camera.AvailableResolutions.Count())
                _currentResolutionIndex = 0;

            _camera.Resolution = _camera.AvailableResolutions.ElementAt<Size>(_currentResolutionIndex);
            btnResolution.Content = "分辨率：" + _camera.AvailableResolutions.ElementAt<Size>(_currentResolutionIndex);
        }

        // 闪光灯模式的轮换
        private void btnFlash_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            switch (_camera.FlashMode)
            {
                case FlashMode.Off:
                    if (_camera.IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode.On))
                    {
                        _camera.FlashMode = FlashMode.On;
                        btnFlash.Content = "闪光灯：On";
                    }
                    break;
                case FlashMode.On:
                    if (_camera.IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode.RedEyeReduction))
                    {
                        _camera.FlashMode = FlashMode.RedEyeReduction;
                        btnFlash.Content = "闪光灯：RedEyeReduction";
                    }
                    else if (_camera.IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode.Auto))
                    {
                        _camera.FlashMode = FlashMode.Auto;
                        btnFlash.Content = "闪光灯：Auto";
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        _camera.FlashMode = FlashMode.Off;
                        btnFlash.Content = "闪光灯：Off";
                    }
                    break;
                case FlashMode.RedEyeReduction:
                    if (_camera.IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode.Auto))
                    {
                        _camera.FlashMode = FlashMode.Auto;
                        btnFlash.Content = "闪光灯：Auto";
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        _camera.FlashMode = FlashMode.Off;
                        btnFlash.Content = "闪光灯：Off";
                    }
                    break;
                case FlashMode.Auto:
                    if (_camera.IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode.Off))
                    {
                        _camera.FlashMode = FlashMode.Off;
                        btnFlash.Content = "闪光灯：Off";
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}

<phone:PhoneApplicationPage 
    x:Class="Demo.Device.Camera.VideoDemo"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:phone="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"
    xmlns:shell="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Shell;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    FontFamily="{StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal}"
    FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal}"
    Foreground="{StaticResource PhoneForegroundBrush}"
    SupportedOrientations="Landscape" Orientation="Landscape"
    mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignHeight="480" d:DesignWidth="800"
    shell:SystemTray.IsVisible="False">

    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
        <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical">

            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                <!--用于实时显示摄像头捕获到的信息-->
                <Canvas Width="320" Height="240">
                    <Canvas.Background>
                        <VideoBrush x:Name="videoBrush" />
                    </Canvas.Background>
                </Canvas>

                <!--用于播放视频-->
                <MediaElement x:Name="mediaElement" Width="320" Height="240" />
            </StackPanel>

            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                <Button x:Name="btnStartRecord" Content="开始录制" Click="btnStartRecord_Click" />
                <Button x:Name="btnStopRecord" Content="停止录制" Click="btnStopRecord_Click" />
                <Button x:Name="btnStartPlayback" Content="开始播放" Click="btnStartPlayback_Click" />
                <Button x:Name="btnPausePlayback" Content="暂停播放" Click="btnPausePlayback_Click" />
            </StackPanel>

            <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" />

        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>

</phone:PhoneApplicationPage>

/*
 * 演示如何通过摄像头录制视频并保存到独立存储，以及如何播放独立存储中的视频
 * 
 * CaptureSource - 操作相关捕获设备的类
 *     VideoCaptureDevice - 关联的视频捕获设备（System.Windows.Media.VideoCaptureDevice 类型）
 *     AudioCaptureDevice - 关联的音频捕获设备（System.Windows.Media.AudioCaptureDevice 类型）
 *     State - 捕获的相关状态（System.Windows.Media.CaptureState 枚举）
 *         Stopped, Started, Failed
 *     Start() - 启动关联的视频捕获设备和音频捕获设备
 *     Stop() - 关闭关联的视频捕获设备和音频捕获设备
 *     CaptureImageAsync() - 异步捕获图像
 *     CaptureImageCompleted - 异步捕获图像完成后所触发的事件
 *     CaptureFailed - 捕获失败时所触发的事件
 * 
 * 
 * FileSink - 用于将捕获到的视频保存到独立存储的类
 *     CaptureSource - 关联的 CaptureSource 对象
 *     IsolatedStorageFileName - 需要保存到的独立存储的地址
 * 
 * 
 * CaptureDeviceConfiguration.GetDefaultVideoCaptureDevice() - 获取默认的视频捕获设备，返回一个 VideoCaptureDevice 对象
 * CaptureDeviceConfiguration.GetAvailableVideoCaptureDevices() - 获取可用的视频捕获设备集合，返回一个 VideoCaptureDevice 对象集合
 * CaptureDeviceConfiguration.GetDefaultAudioCaptureDevice() - 获取默认的音频捕获设备，返回一个 AudioCaptureDevice 对象
 * CaptureDeviceConfiguration.GetAvailableAudioCaptureDevices() - 获取可用的音频捕获设备集合，返回一个 AudioCaptureDevice 对象集合
 * 
 * 
 * VideoCaptureDevice - 用于描述视频捕获设备的类
 *     DesiredFormat - 期望的视频格式
 *     SupportedFormats - 支持的视频格式
 *     FriendlyName - 设备的名称
 *     IsDefaultDevice - 是否是视频捕获的默认设备
 *     
 * 
 * AudioCaptureDevice - 用于描述音频捕获设备的类
 *     AudioFrameSize - 音频的帧大小（缓冲大小），10 毫秒 - 2000 毫秒之间，默认值是 1000 毫秒
 *     DesiredFormat - 期望的音频格式
 *     SupportedFormats - 支持的音频格式
 *     FriendlyName - 设备的名称
 *     IsDefaultDevice - 是否是音频捕获的默认设备
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using Microsoft.Phone.Controls;

using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.IO.IsolatedStorage;
using System.IO;

namespace Demo.Device.Camera
{
    public partial class VideoDemo : PhoneApplicationPage
    {
        private CaptureSource _captureSource;
        private FileSink _fileSink;

        // 保存到独立存储的视频的地址
        private string _isoVideoFileName = "myVideo.mp4";
        // 需要播放的独立存储中的视频文件的视频流
        private IsolatedStorageFileStream _isoVideoFile;
 
        public VideoDemo()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnNavigatedTo(e);
            
            if (_captureSource == null)
            {
                _captureSource = new CaptureSource();
                _captureSource.CaptureFailed += _captureSource_CaptureFailed;

                _fileSink = new FileSink();

                VideoCaptureDevice videoCaptureDevice = CaptureDeviceConfiguration.GetDefaultVideoCaptureDevice();
                if (videoCaptureDevice == null)
                {
                    lblMsg.Text = "该设备不支持视频捕获";
                }
                else
                {
                    // 让 VideoBrush 显示视频捕获的实时信息
                    videoBrush.SetSource(_captureSource);
                    // 调用了 CaptureSource.Start() 之后才会开始捕获视频
                    _captureSource.Start();

                    lblMsg.Text = "设备正在捕获视频中。。。";
                }
            }
        }

        protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e)
        {
            // 垃圾回收
            DisposeVideoPlayer();
            DisposeVideoRecorder();

            base.OnNavigatedFrom(e);
        }

        private void _captureSource_CaptureFailed(object sender, ExceptionRoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
            {
                lblMsg.Text = "视频捕获失败：" + e.ToString();
            });
        }

        public void mediaElement_MediaEnded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 视频播放完成后，重播
            mediaElement.Position = TimeSpan.Zero;
            mediaElement.Play();
        }

        // 清理视频播放的相关资源
        private void DisposeVideoPlayer()
        {
            // 注：对于那些没有实现 Dispose() 方法的对象，就把他们设置为 null，这样垃圾收集器会在需要的时候回收这些对象占用的内存
            
            mediaElement.Stop();
            mediaElement.MediaEnded -= mediaElement_MediaEnded;
            mediaElement.Source = null;

            _isoVideoFile = null;
        }

        // 清理视频录制的相关资源
        private void DisposeVideoRecorder()
        {
            // 注：对于那些没有实现 Dispose() 方法的对象，就把他们设置为 null，这样垃圾收集器会在需要的时候回收这些对象占用的内存

            if (_captureSource != null)
            {
                if (_captureSource.VideoCaptureDevice != null && _captureSource.State == CaptureState.Started)
                    _captureSource.Stop();

                _captureSource.CaptureFailed -= _captureSource_CaptureFailed;
                _captureSource = null;

                _fileSink = null;
            }
        }

        // 录制捕获到的视频
        private void btnStartRecord_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                // 清除视频播放的相关资源，因为系统无法同时录制视频和播放视频（也无法同时播放两个视频）
                DisposeVideoPlayer();

                if (_captureSource.VideoCaptureDevice != null && _captureSource.State == CaptureState.Started)
                {
                    _captureSource.Stop();

                    // 将 FileSink 与 CaptureSource 做关联
                    _fileSink.CaptureSource = _captureSource;
                    // 设置录制好的视频所需保存到的独立存储的地址
                    _fileSink.IsolatedStorageFileName = _isoVideoFileName;
                }

                if (_captureSource.VideoCaptureDevice != null && _captureSource.State == CaptureState.Stopped)
                {
                    // 开始捕获，如果关联了 FileSink，则会将捕获到的视频流以流的方式写入到指定的独立存储地址
                    _captureSource.Start();
                }

                lblMsg.Text = "开始录制视频";
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                lblMsg.Text = "开始录制视频失败：" + ex.ToString();
            }
        }

        // 停止录制
        private void btnStopRecord_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                if (_captureSource.VideoCaptureDevice != null && _captureSource.State == CaptureState.Started)
                {
                    _captureSource.Stop();

                    // 清空 FileSink 的相关联信息
                    _fileSink.CaptureSource = null;
                    _fileSink.IsolatedStorageFileName = null;
                }

                lblMsg.Text = "停止录制视频";
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                lblMsg.Text = "停止录制视频失败：" + ex.ToString();
            }
        }

        // 播放视频
        private void btnStartPlayback_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (_isoVideoFile != null)
            {
                mediaElement.Play();
            }
            else
            {
                // 停止视频捕获，因为系统无法同时录制视频和播放视频（也无法同时播放两个视频）
                _captureSource.Stop();

                _isoVideoFile = new IsolatedStorageFileStream(_isoVideoFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication());

                // 用 MediaElement 播放独立存储中的指定视频
                mediaElement.SetSource(_isoVideoFile);
                mediaElement.MediaEnded += mediaElement_MediaEnded;
                mediaElement.Play();
            }

            lblMsg.Text = "开始播放视频";
        }

        // 暂停播放视频
        private void btnPausePlayback_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            mediaElement.Pause();

            lblMsg.Text = "暂停播放视频";
        }
    }
}