在调用avformat_open_input打开文件后，下一步调用av_find_stream_info函数从文件中读取音视频流的信息，而后AVFormatContext的结构体将会将这些信息保存在其中。在找到AVFormatContext的视频stream后，获取其codec保存到指向AVCodecContext的指针：
// Find the first video stream
for(i=0; i<pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)
{
if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO && videoStream<0)
{
videoStream=i;
}
}
if(videoStream==-1)
return -1; // Didn't find a video stream
// Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream
pCodecCtx=pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;
编解码器上下文AVCodecContext的定义如下：
typedef struct AVCodecContext {
const AVClass *av_class;//当前结构体的“基类”
int log_level_offset;
enum AVMediaType codec_type; //媒体类型，主要有AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO视频、AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO音频、AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE字幕等
const struct AVCodec *codec;//编解码器结构体
char codec_name[32];
enum AVCodecID codec_id; //枚举变量，标识编解码器的id，例如AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO、AV_CODEC_ID_H264、AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC等
unsigned int codec_tag;
unsigned int stream_codec_tag;
void *priv_data;
struct AVCodecInternal *internal;
void *opaque;
int bit_rate;//平均码率，解码时由libavcodec设定
int bit_rate_tolerance;
int global_quality;
int compression_level;
#define FF_COMPRESSION_DEFAULT -1
int flags;
int flags2;
uint8_t *extradata;//保存编解码器的附加信息，如参数集合等
int extradata_size;
AVRational time_base;//用于时间转换的参数
int ticks_per_frame;
int delay;
int width, height;//视频的分辨率
int coded_width, coded_height;
#define FF_ASPECT_EXTENDED 15
int gop_size;//编码时图像组的长度；
enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt;//图像像素的格式，例如AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P、AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422、AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24等
int me_method;//编码所采用的运动搜索算法
void (*draw_horiz_band)(struct AVCodecContext *s, const AVFrame *src, int offset[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS],int y, int type, int height);
enum AVPixelFormat (*get_format)(struct AVCodecContext *s, const enum AVPixelFormat * fmt);
int max_b_frames;//最大b帧数
float b_quant_factor;
/** obsolete FIXME remove */
int rc_strategy;
#define FF_RC_STRATEGY_XVID 1
int b_frame_strategy;
float b_quant_offset;
int has_b_frames;
int mpeg_quant;
float i_quant_factor;
float i_quant_offset;
float lumi_masking;
float temporal_cplx_masking;
float spatial_cplx_masking;
float p_masking;
float dark_masking;
int slice_count;//条带数目
int prediction_method;
#define FF_PRED_LEFT 0
#define FF_PRED_PLANE 1
#define FF_PRED_MEDIAN 2
int *slice_offset;
AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;
int me_cmp;
int me_sub_cmp;
int mb_cmp;
int ildct_cmp;
#define FF_CMP_SAD 0
#define FF_CMP_SSE 1
#define FF_CMP_SATD 2
#define FF_CMP_DCT 3
#define FF_CMP_PSNR 4
#define FF_CMP_BIT 5
#define FF_CMP_RD 6
#define FF_CMP_ZERO 7
#define FF_CMP_VSAD 8
#define FF_CMP_VSSE 9
#define FF_CMP_NSSE 10
#define FF_CMP_W53 11
#define FF_CMP_W97 12
#define FF_CMP_DCTMAX 13
#define FF_CMP_DCT264 14
#define FF_CMP_CHROMA 256
int dia_size;
int last_predictor_count;
int pre_me;
int me_pre_cmp;
int pre_dia_size;
int me_subpel_quality;
int dtg_active_format;
#define FF_DTG_AFD_SAME 8
#define FF_DTG_AFD_4_3 9
#define FF_DTG_AFD_16_9 10
#define FF_DTG_AFD_14_9 11
#define FF_DTG_AFD_4_3_SP_14_9 13
#define FF_DTG_AFD_16_9_SP_14_9 14
#define FF_DTG_AFD_SP_4_3 15
int me_range;
int intra_quant_bias;
#define FF_DEFAULT_QUANT_BIAS 999999
int inter_quant_bias;
int slice_flags;
#define SLICE_FLAG_CODED_ORDER 0x0001 ///< draw_horiz_band() is called in coded order instead of display
#define SLICE_FLAG_ALLOW_FIELD 0x0002 ///< allow draw_horiz_band() with field slices (MPEG2 field pics)
#define SLICE_FLAG_ALLOW_PLANE 0x0004 ///< allow draw_horiz_band() with 1 component at a time (SVQ1)
int xvmc_acceleration;
int mb_decision;
#define FF_MB_DECISION_SIMPLE 0 ///< uses mb_cmp
#define FF_MB_DECISION_BITS 1 ///< chooses the one which needs the fewest bits
#define FF_MB_DECISION_RD 2 ///< rate distortion
/**
* custom intra quantization matrix
* - encoding: Set by user, can be NULL.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
*/
uint16_t *intra_matrix;
/**
* custom inter quantization matrix
* - encoding: Set by user, can be NULL.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
*/
uint16_t *inter_matrix;
/**
* scene change detection threshold
* 0 is default, larger means fewer detected scene changes.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int scenechange_threshold;
/**
* noise reduction strength
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int noise_reduction;
/**
* Motion estimation threshold below which no motion estimation is
* performed, but instead the user specified motion vectors are used.
*
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int me_threshold;
/**
* Macroblock threshold below which the user specified macroblock types will be used.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int mb_threshold;
/**
* precision of the intra DC coefficient - 8
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int intra_dc_precision;
/**
* Number of macroblock rows at the top which are skipped.
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
int skip_top;
/**
* Number of macroblock rows at the bottom which are skipped.
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
int skip_bottom;
/**
* Border processing masking, raises the quantizer for mbs on the borders
* of the picture.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
float border_masking;
/**
* minimum MB lagrange multipler
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int mb_lmin;
/**
* maximum MB lagrange multipler
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int mb_lmax;
/**
*
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int me_penalty_compensation;
/**
*
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int bidir_refine;
/**
*
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int brd_scale;
/**
* minimum GOP size
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int keyint_min;
/**
* number of reference frames
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by lavc.
*/
int refs;
/**
* chroma qp offset from luma
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int chromaoffset;
/**
* Multiplied by qscale for each frame and added to scene_change_score.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int scenechange_factor;
/**
*
* Note: Value depends upon the compare function used for fullpel ME.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int mv0_threshold;
/**
* Adjust sensitivity of b_frame_strategy 1.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int b_sensitivity;
/**
* Chromaticity coordinates of the source primaries.
* - encoding: Set by user
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec
*/
enum AVColorPrimaries color_primaries;
/**
* Color Transfer Characteristic.
* - encoding: Set by user
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec
*/
enum AVColorTransferCharacteristic color_trc;
/**
* YUV colorspace type.
* - encoding: Set by user
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec
*/
enum AVColorSpace colorspace;
/**
* MPEG vs JPEG YUV range.
* - encoding: Set by user
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec
*/
enum AVColorRange color_range;
/**
* This defines the location of chroma samples.
* - encoding: Set by user
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec
*/
enum AVChromaLocation chroma_sample_location;
/**
* Number of slices.
* Indicates number of picture subdivisions. Used for parallelized
* decoding.
* - encoding: Set by user
* - decoding: unused
*/
int slices;
/** Field order
* - encoding: set by libavcodec
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
enum AVFieldOrder field_order;
/* audio only */
int sample_rate; ///< samples per second
int channels; ///< number of audio channels
/**
* audio sample format
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
*/
enum AVSampleFormat sample_fmt; ///< sample format
/* The following data should not be initialized. */
/**
* Number of samples per channel in an audio frame.
*
* - encoding: set by libavcodec in avcodec_open2(). Each submitted frame
* except the last must contain exactly frame_size samples per channel.
* May be 0 when the codec has CODEC_CAP_VARIABLE_FRAME_SIZE set, then the
* frame size is not restricted.
* - decoding: may be set by some decoders to indicate constant frame size
*/
int frame_size;
/**
* Frame counter, set by libavcodec.
*
* - decoding: total number of frames returned from the decoder so far.
* - encoding: total number of frames passed to the encoder so far.
*
* @note the counter is not incremented if encoding/decoding resulted in
* an error.
*/
int frame_number;
/**
* number of bytes per packet if constant and known or 0
* Used by some WAV based audio codecs.
*/
int block_align;
/**
* Audio cutoff bandwidth (0 means "automatic")
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int cutoff;
#if FF_API_REQUEST_CHANNELS
/**
* Decoder should decode to this many channels if it can (0 for default)
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
* @deprecated Deprecated in favor of request_channel_layout.
*/
attribute_deprecated int request_channels;
#endif
/**
* Audio channel layout.
* - encoding: set by user.
* - decoding: set by user, may be overwritten by libavcodec.
*/
uint64_t channel_layout;
/**
* Request decoder to use this channel layout if it can (0 for default)
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
uint64_t request_channel_layout;
/**
* Type of service that the audio stream conveys.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
*/
enum AVAudioServiceType audio_service_type;
/**
* desired sample format
* - encoding: Not used.
* - decoding: Set by user.
* Decoder will decode to this format if it can.
*/
enum AVSampleFormat request_sample_fmt;
#if FF_API_GET_BUFFER
/**
* Called at the beginning of each frame to get a buffer for it.
*
* The function will set AVFrame.data[], AVFrame.linesize[].
* AVFrame.extended_data[] must also be set, but it should be the same as
* AVFrame.data[] except for planar audio with more channels than can fit
* in AVFrame.data[]. In that case, AVFrame.data[] shall still contain as
* many data pointers as it can hold.
*
* if CODEC_CAP_DR1 is not set then get_buffer() must call
* avcodec_default_get_buffer() instead of providing buffers allocated by
* some other means.
*
* AVFrame.data[] should be 32- or 16-byte-aligned unless the CPU doesn't
* need it. avcodec_default_get_buffer() aligns the output buffer properly,
* but if get_buffer() is overridden then alignment considerations should
* be taken into account.
*
* @see avcodec_default_get_buffer()
*
* Video:
*
* If pic.reference is set then the frame will be read later by libavcodec.
* avcodec_align_dimensions2() should be used to find the required width and
* height, as they normally need to be rounded up to the next multiple of 16.
*
* If frame multithreading is used and thread_safe_callbacks is set,
* it may be called from a different thread, but not from more than one at
* once. Does not need to be reentrant.
*
* @see release_buffer(), reget_buffer()
* @see avcodec_align_dimensions2()
*
* Audio:
*
* Decoders request a buffer of a particular size by setting
* AVFrame.nb_samples prior to calling get_buffer(). The decoder may,
* however, utilize only part of the buffer by setting AVFrame.nb_samples
* to a smaller value in the output frame.
*
* Decoders cannot use the buffer after returning from
* avcodec_decode_audio4(), so they will not call release_buffer(), as it
* is assumed to be released immediately upon return. In some rare cases,
* a decoder may need to call get_buffer() more than once in a single
* call to avcodec_decode_audio4(). In that case, when get_buffer() is
* called again after it has already been called once, the previously
* acquired buffer is assumed to be released at that time and may not be
* reused by the decoder.
*
* As a convenience, av_samples_get_buffer_size() and
* av_samples_fill_arrays() in libavutil may be used by custom get_buffer()
* functions to find the required data size and to fill data pointers and
* linesize. In AVFrame.linesize, only linesize[0] may be set for audio
* since all planes must be the same size.
*
* @see av_samples_get_buffer_size(), av_samples_fill_arrays()
*
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
*
* @deprecated use get_buffer2()
*/
attribute_deprecated
int (*get_buffer)(struct AVCodecContext *c, AVFrame *pic);
/**
* Called to release buffers which were allocated with get_buffer.
* A released buffer can be reused in get_buffer().
* pic.data[*] must be set to NULL.
* May be called from a different thread if frame multithreading is used,
* but not by more than one thread at once, so does not need to be reentrant.
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
*
* @deprecated custom freeing callbacks should be set from get_buffer2()
*/
attribute_deprecated
void (*release_buffer)(struct AVCodecContext *c, AVFrame *pic);
/**
* Called at the beginning of a frame to get cr buffer for it.
* Buffer type (size, hints) must be the same. libavcodec won't check it.
* libavcodec will pass previous buffer in pic, function should return
* same buffer or new buffer with old frame "painted" into it.
* If pic.data[0] == NULL must behave like get_buffer().
* if CODEC_CAP_DR1 is not set then reget_buffer() must call
* avcodec_default_reget_buffer() instead of providing buffers allocated by
* some other means.
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
*/
attribute_deprecated
int (*reget_buffer)(struct AVCodecContext *c, AVFrame *pic);
#endif
/**
* This callback is called at the beginning of each frame to get data
* buffer(s) for it. There may be one contiguous buffer for all the data or
* there may be a buffer per each data plane or anything in between. What
* this means is, you may set however many entries in buf[] you feel necessary.
* Each buffer must be reference-counted using the AVBuffer API (see description
* of buf[] below).
*
* The following fields will be set in the frame before this callback is
* called:
* - format
* - width, height (video only)
* - sample_rate, channel_layout, nb_samples (audio only)
* Their values may differ from the corresponding values in
* AVCodecContext. This callback must use the frame values, not the codec
* context values, to calculate the required buffer size.
*
* This callback must fill the following fields in the frame:
* - data[]
* - linesize[]
* - extended_data:
* * if the data is planar audio with more than 8 channels, then this
* callback must allocate and fill extended_data to contain all pointers
* to all data planes. data[] must hold as many pointers as it can.
* extended_data must be allocated with av_malloc() and will be freed in
* av_frame_unref().
* * otherwise exended_data must point to data
* - buf[] must contain one or more pointers to AVBufferRef structures. Each of
* the frame's data and extended_data pointers must be contained in these. That
* is, one AVBufferRef for each allocated chunk of memory, not necessarily one
* AVBufferRef per data[] entry. See: av_buffer_create(), av_buffer_alloc(),
* and av_buffer_ref().
* - extended_buf and nb_extended_buf must be allocated with av_malloc() by
* this callback and filled with the extra buffers if there are more
* buffers than buf[] can hold. extended_buf will be freed in
* av_frame_unref().
*
* If CODEC_CAP_DR1 is not set then get_buffer2() must call
* avcodec_default_get_buffer2() instead of providing buffers allocated by
* some other means.
*
* Each data plane must be aligned to the maximum required by the target
* CPU.
*
* @see avcodec_default_get_buffer2()
*
* Video:
*
* If AV_GET_BUFFER_FLAG_REF is set in flags then the frame may be reused
* (read and/or written to if it is writable) later by libavcodec.
*
* If CODEC_FLAG_EMU_EDGE is not set in s->flags, the buffer must contain an
* edge of the size returned by avcodec_get_edge_width() on all sides.
*
* avcodec_align_dimensions2() should be used to find the required width and
* height, as they normally need to be rounded up to the next multiple of 16.
*
* If frame multithreading is used and thread_safe_callbacks is set,
* this callback may be called from a different thread, but not from more
* than one at once. Does not need to be reentrant.
*
* @see avcodec_align_dimensions2()
*
* Audio:
*
* Decoders request a buffer of a particular size by setting
* AVFrame.nb_samples prior to calling get_buffer2(). The decoder may,
* however, utilize only part of the buffer by setting AVFrame.nb_samples
* to a smaller value in the output frame.
*
* As a convenience, av_samples_get_buffer_size() and
* av_samples_fill_arrays() in libavutil may be used by custom get_buffer2()
* functions to find the required data size and to fill data pointers and
* linesize. In AVFrame.linesize, only linesize[0] may be set for audio
* since all planes must be the same size.
*
* @see av_samples_get_buffer_size(), av_samples_fill_arrays()
*
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
*/
int (*get_buffer2)(struct AVCodecContext *s, AVFrame *frame, int flags);
/**
* If non-zero, the decoded audio and video frames returned from
* avcodec_decode_video2() and avcodec_decode_audio4() are reference-counted
* and are valid indefinitely. The caller must free them with
* av_frame_unref() when they are not needed anymore.
* Otherwise, the decoded frames must not be freed by the caller and are
* only valid until the next decode call.
*
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: set by the caller before avcodec_open2().
*/
int refcounted_frames;
/* - encoding parameters */
float qcompress; ///< amount of qscale change between easy & hard scenes (0.0-1.0)
float qblur; ///< amount of qscale smoothing over time (0.0-1.0)
/**
* minimum quantizer
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int qmin;
/**
* maximum quantizer
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int qmax;
/**
* maximum quantizer difference between frames
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int max_qdiff;
/**
* ratecontrol qmin qmax limiting method
* 0-> clipping, 1-> use a nice continuous function to limit qscale wthin qmin/qmax.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
float rc_qsquish;
float rc_qmod_amp;
int rc_qmod_freq;
/**
* decoder bitstream buffer size
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int rc_buffer_size;
/**
* ratecontrol override, see RcOverride
* - encoding: Allocated/set/freed by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int rc_override_count;
RcOverride *rc_override;
/**
* rate control equation
* - encoding: Set by user
* - decoding: unused
*/
const char *rc_eq;
/**
* maximum bitrate
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int rc_max_rate;
/**
* minimum bitrate
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int rc_min_rate;
float rc_buffer_aggressivity;
/**
* initial complexity for pass1 ratecontrol
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
float rc_initial_cplx;
/**
* Ratecontrol attempt to use, at maximum, <value> of what can be used without an underflow.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused.
*/
float rc_max_available_vbv_use;
/**
* Ratecontrol attempt to use, at least, <value> times the amount needed to prevent a vbv overflow.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused.
*/
float rc_min_vbv_overflow_use;
/**
* Number of bits which should be loaded into the rc buffer before decoding starts.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int rc_initial_buffer_occupancy;
#define FF_CODER_TYPE_VLC 0
#define FF_CODER_TYPE_AC 1
#define FF_CODER_TYPE_RAW 2
#define FF_CODER_TYPE_RLE 3
#define FF_CODER_TYPE_DEFLATE 4
/**
* coder type
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int coder_type;
/**
* context model
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int context_model;
/**
* minimum Lagrange multipler
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int lmin;
/**
* maximum Lagrange multipler
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int lmax;
/**
* frame skip threshold
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int frame_skip_threshold;
/**
* frame skip factor
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int frame_skip_factor;
/**
* frame skip exponent
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int frame_skip_exp;
/**
* frame skip comparison function
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int frame_skip_cmp;
/**
* trellis RD quantization
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int trellis;
/**
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int min_prediction_order;
/**
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int max_prediction_order;
/**
* GOP timecode frame start number
* - encoding: Set by user, in non drop frame format
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec (timecode in the 25 bits format, -1 if unset)
*/
int64_t timecode_frame_start;
/* The RTP callback: This function is called */
/* every time the encoder has a packet to send. */
/* It depends on the encoder if the data starts */
/* with a Start Code (it should). H.263 does. */
/* mb_nb contains the number of macroblocks */
/* encoded in the RTP payload. */
void (*rtp_callback)(struct AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int size, int mb_nb);
int rtp_payload_size; /* The size of the RTP payload: the coder will */
/* do its best to deliver a chunk with size */
/* below rtp_payload_size, the chunk will start */
/* with a start code on some codecs like H.263. */
/* This doesn't take account of any particular */
/* headers inside the transmitted RTP payload. */
/* statistics, used for 2-pass encoding */
int mv_bits;
int header_bits;
int i_tex_bits;
int p_tex_bits;
int i_count;
int p_count;
int skip_count;
int misc_bits;
/**
* number of bits used for the previously encoded frame
* - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int frame_bits;
/**
* pass1 encoding statistics output buffer
* - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
* - decoding: unused
*/
char *stats_out;
/**
* pass2 encoding statistics input buffer
* Concatenated stuff from stats_out of pass1 should be placed here.
* - encoding: Allocated/set/freed by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
char *stats_in;
/**
* Work around bugs in encoders which sometimes cannot be detected automatically.
* - encoding: Set by user
* - decoding: Set by user
*/
int workaround_bugs;
#define FF_BUG_AUTODETECT 1 ///< autodetection
#define FF_BUG_OLD_MSMPEG4 2
#define FF_BUG_XVID_ILACE 4
#define FF_BUG_UMP4 8
#define FF_BUG_NO_PADDING 16
#define FF_BUG_AMV 32
#define FF_BUG_AC_VLC 0 ///< Will be removed, libavcodec can now handle these non-compliant files by default.
#define FF_BUG_QPEL_CHROMA 64
#define FF_BUG_STD_QPEL 128
#define FF_BUG_QPEL_CHROMA2 256
#define FF_BUG_DIRECT_BLOCKSIZE 512
#define FF_BUG_EDGE 1024
#define FF_BUG_HPEL_CHROMA 2048
#define FF_BUG_DC_CLIP 4096
#define FF_BUG_MS 8192 ///< Work around various bugs in Microsoft's broken decoders.
#define FF_BUG_TRUNCATED 16384
/**
* strictly follow the standard (MPEG4, ...).
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by user.
* Setting this to STRICT or higher means the encoder and decoder will
* generally do stupid things, whereas setting it to unofficial or lower
* will mean the encoder might produce output that is not supported by all
* spec-compliant decoders. Decoders don't differentiate between normal,
* unofficial and experimental (that is, they always try to decode things
* when they can) unless they are explicitly asked to behave stupidly
* (=strictly conform to the specs)
*/
int strict_std_compliance;
#define FF_COMPLIANCE_VERY_STRICT 2 ///< Strictly conform to an older more strict version of the spec or reference software.
#define FF_COMPLIANCE_STRICT 1 ///< Strictly conform to all the things in the spec no matter what consequences.
#define FF_COMPLIANCE_NORMAL 0
#define FF_COMPLIANCE_UNOFFICIAL -1 ///< Allow unofficial extensions
#define FF_COMPLIANCE_EXPERIMENTAL -2 ///< Allow nonstandardized experimental things.
/**
* error concealment flags
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
int error_concealment;
#define FF_EC_GUESS_MVS 1
#define FF_EC_DEBLOCK 2
/**
* debug
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
int debug;
#define FF_DEBUG_PICT_INFO 1
#define FF_DEBUG_RC 2
#define FF_DEBUG_BITSTREAM 4
#define FF_DEBUG_MB_TYPE 8
#define FF_DEBUG_QP 16
#define FF_DEBUG_MV 32
#define FF_DEBUG_DCT_COEFF 0x00000040
#define FF_DEBUG_SKIP 0x00000080
#define FF_DEBUG_STARTCODE 0x00000100
#define FF_DEBUG_PTS 0x00000200
#define FF_DEBUG_ER 0x00000400
#define FF_DEBUG_MMCO 0x00000800
#define FF_DEBUG_BUGS 0x00001000
#define FF_DEBUG_VIS_QP 0x00002000
#define FF_DEBUG_VIS_MB_TYPE 0x00004000
#define FF_DEBUG_BUFFERS 0x00008000
#define FF_DEBUG_THREADS 0x00010000
/**
* debug
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
int debug_mv;
#define FF_DEBUG_VIS_MV_P_FOR 0x00000001 //visualize forward predicted MVs of P frames
#define FF_DEBUG_VIS_MV_B_FOR 0x00000002 //visualize forward predicted MVs of B frames
#define FF_DEBUG_VIS_MV_B_BACK 0x00000004 //visualize backward predicted MVs of B frames
/**
* Error recognition; may misdetect some more or less valid parts as errors.
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
int err_recognition;
#define AV_EF_CRCCHECK (1<<0) ///< verify embedded CRCs
#define AV_EF_BITSTREAM (1<<1) ///< detect bitstream specification deviations
#define AV_EF_BUFFER (1<<2) ///< detect improper bitstream length
#define AV_EF_EXPLODE (1<<3) ///< abort decoding on minor error detection
#define AV_EF_CAREFUL (1<<16) ///< consider things that violate the spec, are fast to calculate and have not been seen in the wild as errors
#define AV_EF_COMPLIANT (1<<17) ///< consider all spec non compliancies as errors
#define AV_EF_AGGRESSIVE (1<<18) ///< consider things that a sane encoder should not do as an error
/**
* opaque 64bit number (generally a PTS) that will be reordered and
* output in AVFrame.reordered_opaque
* @deprecated in favor of pkt_pts
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
int64_t reordered_opaque;
/**
* Hardware accelerator in use
* - encoding: unused.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec
*/
struct AVHWAccel *hwaccel;
/**
* Hardware accelerator context.
* For some hardware accelerators, a global context needs to be
* provided by the user. In that case, this holds display-dependent
* data FFmpeg cannot instantiate itself. Please refer to the
* FFmpeg HW accelerator documentation to know how to fill this
* is. e.g. for VA API, this is a struct vaapi_context.
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user
*/
void *hwaccel_context;
/**
* error
* - encoding: Set by libavcodec if flags&CODEC_FLAG_PSNR.
* - decoding: unused
*/
uint64_t error[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];
/**
* DCT algorithm, see FF_DCT_* below
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int dct_algo;
#define FF_DCT_AUTO 0
#define FF_DCT_FASTINT 1
#define FF_DCT_INT 2
#define FF_DCT_MMX 3
#define FF_DCT_ALTIVEC 5
#define FF_DCT_FAAN 6
/**
* IDCT algorithm, see FF_IDCT_* below.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
int idct_algo;
#define FF_IDCT_AUTO 0
#define FF_IDCT_INT 1
#define FF_IDCT_SIMPLE 2
#define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEMMX 3
#define FF_IDCT_ARM 7
#define FF_IDCT_ALTIVEC 8
#define FF_IDCT_SH4 9
#define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEARM 10
#define FF_IDCT_IPP 13
#define FF_IDCT_XVIDMMX 14
#define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEARMV5TE 16
#define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEARMV6 17
#define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEVIS 18
#define FF_IDCT_FAAN 20
#define FF_IDCT_SIMPLENEON 22
#define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEALPHA 23
/**
* bits per sample/pixel from the demuxer (needed for huffyuv).
* - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
int bits_per_coded_sample;
/**
* Bits per sample/pixel of internal libavcodec pixel/sample format.
* - encoding: set by user.
* - decoding: set by libavcodec.
*/
int bits_per_raw_sample;
#if FF_API_LOWRES
/**
* low resolution decoding, 1-> 1/2 size, 2->1/4 size
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
* Code outside libavcodec should access this field using:
* av_codec_{get,set}_lowres(avctx)
*/
int lowres;
#endif
/**
* the picture in the bitstream
* - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
*/
AVFrame *coded_frame;
/**
* thread count
* is used to decide how many independent tasks should be passed to execute()
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
int thread_count;
/**
* Which multithreading methods to use.
* Use of FF_THREAD_FRAME will increase decoding delay by one frame per thread,
* so clients which cannot provide future frames should not use it.
*
* - encoding: Set by user, otherwise the default is used.
* - decoding: Set by user, otherwise the default is used.
*/
int thread_type;
#define FF_THREAD_FRAME 1 ///< Decode more than one frame at once
#define FF_THREAD_SLICE 2 ///< Decode more than one part of a single frame at once
/**
* Which multithreading methods are in use by the codec.
* - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
*/
int active_thread_type;
/**
* Set by the client if its custom get_buffer() callback can be called
* synchronously from another thread, which allows faster multithreaded decoding.
* draw_horiz_band() will be called from other threads regardless of this setting.
* Ignored if the default get_buffer() is used.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
int thread_safe_callbacks;
/**
* The codec may call this to execute several independent things.
* It will return only after finishing all tasks.
* The user may replace this with some multithreaded implementation,
* the default implementation will execute the parts serially.
* @param count the number of things to execute
* - encoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
*/
int (*execute)(struct AVCodecContext *c, int (*func)(struct AVCodecContext *c2, void *arg), void *arg2, int *ret, int count, int size);
/**
* The codec may call this to execute several independent things.
* It will return only after finishing all tasks.
* The user may replace this with some multithreaded implementation,
* the default implementation will execute the parts serially.
* Also see avcodec_thread_init and e.g. the --enable-pthread configure option.
* @param c context passed also to func
* @param count the number of things to execute
* @param arg2 argument passed unchanged to func
* @param ret return values of executed functions, must have space for "count" values. May be NULL.
* @param func function that will be called count times, with jobnr from 0 to count-1.
* threadnr will be in the range 0 to c->thread_count-1 < MAX_THREADS and so that no
* two instances of func executing at the same time will have the same threadnr.
* @return always 0 currently, but code should handle a future improvement where when any call to func
* returns < 0 no further calls to func may be done and < 0 is returned.
* - encoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
*/
int (*execute2)(struct AVCodecContext *c, int (*func)(struct AVCodecContext *c2, void *arg, int jobnr, int threadnr), void *arg2, int *ret, int count);
/**
* thread opaque
* Can be used by execute() to store some per AVCodecContext stuff.
* - encoding: set by execute()
* - decoding: set by execute()
*/
void *thread_opaque;
/**
* noise vs. sse weight for the nsse comparsion function
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int nsse_weight;
/**
* profile
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
*/
int profile;
#define FF_PROFILE_UNKNOWN -99
#define FF_PROFILE_RESERVED -100
#define FF_PROFILE_AAC_MAIN 0
#define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LOW 1
#define FF_PROFILE_AAC_SSR 2
#define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LTP 3
#define FF_PROFILE_AAC_HE 4
#define FF_PROFILE_AAC_HE_V2 28
#define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LD 22
#define FF_PROFILE_AAC_ELD 38
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_AAC_LOW 128
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_AAC_HE 131
#define FF_PROFILE_DTS 20
#define FF_PROFILE_DTS_ES 30
#define FF_PROFILE_DTS_96_24 40
#define FF_PROFILE_DTS_HD_HRA 50
#define FF_PROFILE_DTS_HD_MA 60
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_422 0
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_HIGH 1
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_SS 2
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_SNR_SCALABLE 3
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_MAIN 4
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_SIMPLE 5
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_CONSTRAINED (1<<9) // 8+1; constraint_set1_flag
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA (1<<11) // 8+3; constraint_set3_flag
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_BASELINE 66
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_CONSTRAINED_BASELINE (66|FF_PROFILE_H264_CONSTRAINED)
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_MAIN 77
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_EXTENDED 88
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH 100
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_10 110
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_10_INTRA (110|FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA)
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_422 122
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_422_INTRA (122|FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA)
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_444 144
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_444_PREDICTIVE 244
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_444_INTRA (244|FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA)
#define FF_PROFILE_H264_CAVLC_444 44
#define FF_PROFILE_VC1_SIMPLE 0
#define FF_PROFILE_VC1_MAIN 1
#define FF_PROFILE_VC1_COMPLEX 2
#define FF_PROFILE_VC1_ADVANCED 3
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE 0
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE_SCALABLE 1
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_CORE 2
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_MAIN 3
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_N_BIT 4
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SCALABLE_TEXTURE 5
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE_FACE_ANIMATION 6
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_BASIC_ANIMATED_TEXTURE 7
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_HYBRID 8
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_REAL_TIME 9
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_CORE_SCALABLE 10
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_CODING 11
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_CORE 12
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_SCALABLE_TEXTURE 13
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE_STUDIO 14
#define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_SIMPLE 15
#define FF_PROFILE_JPEG2000_CSTREAM_RESTRICTION_0 0
#define FF_PROFILE_JPEG2000_CSTREAM_RESTRICTION_1 1
#define FF_PROFILE_JPEG2000_CSTREAM_NO_RESTRICTION 2
#define FF_PROFILE_JPEG2000_DCINEMA_2K 3
#define FF_PROFILE_JPEG2000_DCINEMA_4K 4
/**
* level
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
*/
int level;
#define FF_LEVEL_UNKNOWN -99
/**
* Skip loop filtering for selected frames.
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
enum AVDiscard skip_loop_filter;
/**
* Skip IDCT/dequantization for selected frames.
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
enum AVDiscard skip_idct;
/**
* Skip decoding for selected frames.
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
enum AVDiscard skip_frame;
/**
* Header containing style information for text subtitles.
* For SUBTITLE_ASS subtitle type, it should contain the whole ASS
* [Script Info] and [V4+ Styles] section, plus the [Events] line and
* the Format line following. It shouldn't include any Dialogue line.
* - encoding: Set/allocated/freed by user (before avcodec_open2())
* - decoding: Set/allocated/freed by libavcodec (by avcodec_open2())
*/
uint8_t *subtitle_header;
int subtitle_header_size;
/**
* Simulates errors in the bitstream to test error concealment.
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: unused
*/
int error_rate;
/**
* Current packet as passed into the decoder, to avoid having
* to pass the packet into every function. Currently only valid
* inside lavc and get/release_buffer callbacks.
* - decoding: set by avcodec_decode_*, read by get_buffer() for setting pkt_pts
* - encoding: unused
*/
AVPacket *pkt;
/**
* VBV delay coded in the last frame (in periods of a 27 MHz clock).
* Used for compliant TS muxing.
* - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
* - decoding: unused.
*/
uint64_t vbv_delay;
/**
* Timebase in which pkt_dts/pts and AVPacket.dts/pts are.
* Code outside libavcodec should access this field using:
* av_codec_{get,set}_pkt_timebase(avctx)
* - encoding unused.
* - decoding set by user.
*/
AVRational pkt_timebase;
/**
* AVCodecDescriptor
* Code outside libavcodec should access this field using:
* av_codec_{get,set}_codec_descriptor(avctx)
* - encoding: unused.
* - decoding: set by libavcodec.
*/
const AVCodecDescriptor *codec_descriptor;
#if !FF_API_LOWRES
/**
* low resolution decoding, 1-> 1/2 size, 2->1/4 size
* - encoding: unused
* - decoding: Set by user.
* Code outside libavcodec should access this field using:
* av_codec_{get,set}_lowres(avctx)
*/
int lowres;
#endif
/**
* Current statistics for PTS correction.
* - decoding: maintained and used by libavcodec, not intended to be used by user apps
* - encoding: unused
*/
int64_t pts_correction_num_faulty_pts; /// Number of incorrect PTS values so far
int64_t pts_correction_num_faulty_dts; /// Number of incorrect DTS values so far
int64_t pts_correction_last_pts; /// PTS of the last frame
int64_t pts_correction_last_dts; /// DTS of the last frame
/**
* Character encoding of the input subtitles file.
* - decoding: set by user
* - encoding: unused
*/
char *sub_charenc;
/**
* Subtitles character encoding mode. Formats or codecs might be adjusting
* this setting (if they are doing the conversion themselves for instance).
* - decoding: set by libavcodec
* - encoding: unused
*/
int sub_charenc_mode;
#define FF_SUB_CHARENC_MODE_DO_NOTHING -1 ///< do nothing (demuxer outputs a stream supposed to be already in UTF-8, or the codec is bitmap for instance)
#define FF_SUB_CHARENC_MODE_AUTOMATIC 0 ///< libavcodec will select the mode itself
#define FF_SUB_CHARENC_MODE_PRE_DECODER 1 ///< the AVPacket data needs to be recoded to UTF-8 before being fed to the decoder, requires iconv
/**
* Skip processing alpha if supported by codec.
* Note that if the format uses pre-multiplied alpha (common with VP6,
* and recommended due to better video quality/compression)
* the image will look as if alpha-blended onto a black background.
* However for formats that do not use pre-multiplied alpha
* there might be serious artefacts (though e.g. libswscale currently
* assumes pre-multiplied alpha anyway).
* Code outside libavcodec should access this field using AVOptions
*
* - decoding: set by user
* - encoding: unused
*/
int skip_alpha;
/**
* Number of samples to skip after a discontinuity
* - decoding: unused
* - encoding: set by libavcodec
*/
int seek_preroll;
} AVCodecContext;这个结构体的内容极其庞大繁杂，但是看过其成员后便明白，它保存了编码视频时所用到的各种参数，包括编码格式即所用的编码器、编码过程中的参数等。其中很多都是编码标准算法中的相应的设置，比如GOP的大小，参考帧的数目，运动搜索范围的选择等等。具体技术细节比较复杂，需要学习的还要参考相应的编解码标准。
