前言
简单了解和记录一下Vue3常用的语法使用方式,颇有收益~
传送门:Vue.js - 渐进式 JavaScript 框架 | Vue.js
一、示例代码
(1)/src/views/Example/ScriptSetup/index.vue
<template>
<div id="v-root" class="v-root" ref="vRootRef">
<div class="v-root-main">
<h1 :class="$vRootStyle.title">ROOT父组件</h1>
<v-child id="v-child" class="v-child" ref="vChildRef" :username="username" @handleFromVChildClick="handleFromVChildClick">
<div style="background-color: #ffa; text-align: center; font-size: 14px">匿名插槽</div>
<template v-slot:sign>
<div style="background-color: #faf; text-align: center; font-size: 14px">具名插槽(sign)</div>
</template>
</v-child>
<div class="operation">
<el-button size="small" type="primary" @click="handleGetSkillsClick($event)">
<el-icon :size="18"><Check /></el-icon>
<span>点击获取子组件暴露的指定属性</span>
</el-button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import {
onMounted, ref, getCurrentInstance, toRaw, useCssModule, provide } from 'vue'
import vChild from './vChild'
let username = ref('帅龍之龍') // 响应式数据声明,建议基本数据类型
const handleFromVChildClick = (e) => {
console.log('handleFromVChildClick =>', e)
}
const vChildRef = ref(null)
const handleGetSkillsClick = (e) => {
console.log('vChildRef.value =>', vChildRef.value)
console.log('vChildRef.value.age =>', vChildRef.value.age)
console.log('vChildRef.value.skills =>', vChildRef.value.skills)
vChildRef.value.fn('OK')
}
const currentInstance = getCurrentInstance() // 在Vue2中,可通过this来获取当前组件实例,在Vue3中,可通过getCurrentInstance()来获取当前组件实例
const {
ctx } = getCurrentInstance() // ctx 相当于Vue2的this,仅作用于开发阶段
const {
proxy } = getCurrentInstance() // proxy 相当于Vue2的this,仅作用于生产阶段
console.log('currentInstance =>', currentInstance)
console.log('ctx =>', ctx)
console.log('proxy =>', proxy)
onMounted(() => {
document.title = 'Vue3之script-setup 语法糖'
const refs = currentInstance.refs
console.log('refs =>', refs)
console.log('vRootRef =>', refs.vRootRef)
console.log('vChildRef =>', refs.vChildRef)
console.log('vChildDom =>', document.getElementById('v-child'))
})
// 通过 useCssModule 和 <style moudle> 标签对生成的CSS类名做 hash 计算以避免冲突,实现与 scoped CSS一样作用域的效果
const $vRootStyle = useCssModule('root-moudle')
console.log('$vRootStyle.title =>', $vRootStyle.title)
// 通过 provide 传给某个遥远的子孙后代一个对象信息
provide('uniqueKey', {
author: '帅龍之龍', date: '2023-02-06'})
</script>
<style lang="less" scoped>
.v-root {
padding: 50px 100px;
.v-root-main {
border: 1px solid #eee;
h1 {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
text-align: center;
font-weight: lighter;
}
.v-child {
width: auto;
margin: 50px 100px;
border: 1px solid #eee;
border-radius: 4px;
}
.operation {
padding: 10px;
border-top: 1px solid #eee;
text-align: center;
}
}
}
</style>
<style module="root-moudle" lang="less">
.title {
color: rgb(0, 167, 97);
}
</style>
(2)/src/views/Example/ScriptSetup/vChild.vue
<template>
<div class="v-child">
<h3 :class="$vChildStyle.title">vChild子组件</h3>
<div class="infomation">
<p>用户:{
{
username }}</p>
<p>技能:{
{
newSkills }}</p>
<p>码龄:{
{
age }}</p>
</div>
<div class="operation">
<el-button size="small" type="primary" @click="handleClick($event)">
<el-icon :size="18"><Check /></el-icon>
<span>点击传递 emits 参数给父组件</span>
</el-button>
<br /><br />
<el-button size="small" type="warning" @click="handleHttpRequestEvent($event)">
<el-icon :size="18"><Check /></el-icon>
<span>点击发起一个HTTP的GET请求</span>
</el-button>
<br /><br />
<el-button size="small" type="danger" @click="handleAddAISkillClick($event)">
<el-icon :size="18"><Check /></el-icon>
<span>学习AI技能</span>
</el-button>
</div>
<!-- 匿名插槽 -->
<slot></slot>
<!-- 具名插槽 -->
<slot name="sign"></slot>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import {
defineProps, defineEmits, ref, getCurrentInstance, reactive, useAttrs, useSlots, useCssModule, inject, computed, watch, nextTick } from 'vue'
const {
proxy } = getCurrentInstance()
const background = '#f8f8f8' // 常量声明,设置子组件标题的CSS背景颜色
// 子组件通过 defineProps 接收父组件的 props 参数
defineProps({
username: {
type: String,
default: ''
}
})
// 子组件通过 defineEmits 传递 emits 参数给父组件
const emit = defineEmits(['handleFromVChildClick'])
const handleClick = () => {
const json = {
msg: '这是一条来自子组件的消息 ~' }
emit('handleFromVChildClick', json)
}
/**
* 点击发起一个HTTP请求
*/
async function handleHttpRequestClick() {
const res = await proxy.$http.getXXX()
console.log('handleHttpRequestClick =>', res)
}
/**
* 发起一个HTTP请求事件
*/
const handleHttpRequestEvent = () => {
(async () => {
const res = await proxy.$http.getXXX()
console.log('匿名请求 =>', res)
})()
}
/**
* 学习AI技能点击事件
*/
const handleAddAISkillClick = () => {
const skill = 'AI'
if (!skills.includes(skill)) {
skills.push(skill)
skills.sort()
proxy.$message({
message: 'AI技能学习成功!',
type: 'success',
duration: 1000
})
// nextTick 是在下次 DOM 更新循环结束之后执行延迟回调,在修改数据之后使用$nextTick(),则可以在回调中获取更新后的 DOM
nextTick(() => {
age.value = age.value + 2
})
} else {
proxy.$message({
message: 'AI技能已拥有啦!',
type: 'warning',
duration: 1000
})
}
}
let age = ref(25) // 响应式数据声明,建议基本数据类型
const skills = reactive([ // 响应式数据声明,建议复杂数据类型,若使用 reactive 定义响应式数据,其必须为对象或数组,不能是基本类型,如数字、字符串、布尔值等
'Java',
'SpringBoot',
'SpringCloud',
'Vue',
'React',
'Html5+Css3+Js+Jquery',
'MySQL'
])
// 二者区别:ref 需要通过.value获取值
const fn = (e) => {
// 定义一个方法名为 fn 的箭头函数
console.info('Hello,World!', e)
}
// 当动态修改被computed的原数据时,computed的新数据也会动态改变,其使用场景如后端只返回一个数组,由前端完成静态分页
const newSkills = computed(() => {
const str = skills.join(' | ')
return str
})
// watch监听,watch(WatcherSource, Callback, [WatchOptions]),当监听值引用数据(基本数据类型)时,第一个参数为变量,当监听地址引用数据(对象、数组等)时,第一个参数为对象方法
watch(
() => {
return {
...skills };
},
(newValue, oldValue) => {
console.log('watch =>', newValue, oldValue);
},
{
deep: true }
)
// 子组件通过 defineExpose 暴露指定的属性给父组件
defineExpose({
age,
skills,
fn
})
// 通过 useAttrs 获取该实例组件的所有属性信息
const attrs = useAttrs()
console.log('attrs =>', attrs)
// 通过 useSlots 获取该实例组件的所有插槽信息
const slots = useSlots()
console.log('所有插槽 =>', slots)
console.log('匿名插槽 =>', slots.default())
console.log('具名插槽(sign) =>', slots.sign())
// 通过 useCssModule 和 <style moudle> 标签对生成的CSS类名做 hash 计算以避免冲突,实现与 scoped CSS一样作用域的效果
const $vChildStyle = useCssModule()
console.log('$vChildStyle.title =>', $vChildStyle.title)
// 通过 inject 接收来自某个遥远的祖先一个对象信息
const uniqueKey = inject("uniqueKey")
console.info('uniqueKey =>', uniqueKey)
</script>
<style lang="less" scoped>
.v-child {
h3 {
background-color: v-bind(background);
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
text-align: center;
font-weight: lighter;
}
.infomation {
padding: 10px;
font-size: 14px;
}
.operation {
padding: 10px;
border-top: 1px solid #eee;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
text-align: center;
}
}
</style>
<style module lang="less">
.title {
color: rgb(255, 65, 97);
}
</style>