Python笔记相关（上）：https://developer.aliyun.com/article/1488574
获取时间及星期
from datetime import * print(datetime.today().strftime("%H:%M:%S %Y-%m-%d")) week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三", "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"] print(week[datetime.today().weekday()])
分类计数输入的字符串
str = input("随便输点吧：") ls = list(str) nums = 0 chars = 0 kong = 0 tems = 0 for s in ls: a = ord(s) if a >= 48 and a <= 57: nums += 1 elif a >= 65 and a <= 90 or a>=97 and a <=122: chars += 1 elif a == 32: kong += 1 else: tems += 1 print(ls) print("数字个数：%d，字母个数:%d，空格数：%d，其他字符：%d" % (nums, chars, kong, tems))
abs()函数
import turtle as t t.forward(1) t.lt(90) t.fd(1) print(t.pos()) print(abs(t.pos()))
输出:
(1.00,1.00) 1.4142135623730951
进步
from math import * def jbtb(j, t): min = 10 for i in range(1, 366): # 进步i天 A = fabs(pow((1 + j), i) * pow((1 - t), (365 - i)) - 1) if A < min: min = A x = i y = 365 - i print("当进步%d天,退步%d天时,最接近" % (x, y)) print("最接近的值为{}".format(pow((1 + 0.02), x) * pow((1 - 0.01), y))) print(min) a = eval(input("请输入进步加的:")) b = eval(input("请输入退步加的:")) jbtb(a, b)
输出:
请输入进步加的:0.02 请输入退步加的:0.01 当进步123天,退步242天时,最接近 最接近的值为1.003548160754847 0.003548160754847096
列表的升序与降序
s = [5, 3, 18, 9,11] s.sort() print(s) s.reverse() print(s)
输出:
[3, 5, 9, 11, 18] [18, 11, 9, 5, 3]
递归与阶乘
递归： 例： 5！ （5的递归）
5！=1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5
sums=1 def computation(degital): global sums sums =sums * degital if degital == 1: return sums else: return computation(degital - 1) c=eval(input("请输入一个数,计算阶乘:")) print(computation(c))
想明白!!!
当 为 1的时候,return 1。
当递归到1的时候，返回1于之一乘，得到结果。否则会无限循环下去。
def computation(degital): if degital == 1: return 1 else: return computation(degital - 1) * degital c = eval(input("请输入一个数,计算阶乘:")) print(computation(c))
递归与斐波那契数列
def rabbit(month): if month <= 1: #1或0时，返回1 return 1 else: return rabbit(month - 1) + rabbit(month - 2) lists = [] for i in range(10): lists.append(rabbit(i)) print(lists)
输出:
[1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]
验证码生成
增加要求:
1、首位不能为数字
2、必须同时含有小写字母、大写字母和数字
思路:循环生成每位验证码,第一次循环即是首位,让其从大写字母和小写字母中选一.
同时拥有:可以随机生成出验证码后,给予判断,是否满足条件,满足输出,不满足再重新调用.直到满足为止.
from random import * def drawCode(): count1 = 0 count2 = 0 count3 = 0 codeList = [] for i in range(3): if i == 0: state = randint(1, 2) if state == 1: count1 += 1 f = randint(65, 90) A = chr(f) codeList.append(A) elif state == 2: count2 += 1 s = randint(97, 122) a = chr(s) codeList.append(a) else: state = randint(1, 3) if state == 1: count1 += 1 f = randint(65, 90) A = chr(f) codeList.append(A) elif state == 2: count2 += 1 s = randint(97, 122) a = chr(s) codeList.append(a) elif state == 3: count3 += 1 t = randint(0, 9) num = str(t) codeList.append(num) if count1 == 0 or count2 == 0 or count3 == 0: list.clear(codeList) drawCode() else: CheckCode = "".join(codeList) print(CheckCode) for i in range(10): drawCode()
读取文件计词(jieba中文模块)
三国演义
import jieba txt = open(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\三国演义.txt", "rb").read() excludes = {"却说", "将军", "二人", "商议", "不可"} words = jieba.lcut(txt) counts = {} for word in words: if len(word) == 1: continue elif word == "诸葛亮": rword = "孔明" elif word == "曹贼": rword = "曹操" else: rword = word counts[rword] = counts.get(rword, 0) + 1 for word in excludes: del counts[word] items = list(counts.items()) items.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True) for i in range(20): word, count = items[i] print("{0:5}{1:5}次".format(word, count))
水浒传
import jieba txt = open(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\水浒传.txt", "rb").read() excludes = {"两个", "一个", "只见", "如何", "那里", "哥哥", "说道", "众人", "头领", "这里", "兄弟", "出来", "小人", "这个", "今日"} words = jieba.lcut(txt) counts = {} for word in words: if len(word) == 1: continue elif word == "黑鬼": rword = "李逵" else: rword = word counts[rword] = counts.get(rword, 0) + 1 for word in excludes: del counts[word] items = list(counts.items()) items.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True) for i in range(108): word, count = items[i] print("{0:5}{1:5}次".format(word, count))
字典操作
dict_demo = {"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2", "k3": "v3"} print(dict_demo.keys()) //获取所有键 print(dict_demo.values()) //获取所有值 print(dict_demo.items()) //获取所有键值 dict_demo["k4"] = "v4" //添加 k4 = v4 dict_demo["k5"] = "v6" print(dict_demo.items()) dict_demo["k5"] = "v5" //将键为k5的值更改为v5 print(dict_demo.items()) print(dict_demo.clear()) //清空字典
删除列表中重复的值
import random as r N_list = [] N = eval(input("请输入N(小于1000):")) for i in range(N): N_list.append(r.randint(1, 1000)) N_list.sort() print(N_list) L_list = [] for n in range(1000): if n in N_list: L_list.append(n) print(L_list)
数字转换为汉字字符
num = input("输入数字：") n_List = list(num) rn_List = [] for n in n_List: if n == "1": rn = "壹" elif n == "2": rn = "贰" elif n == "3": rn = "三" elif n == "4": rn = "肆" elif n == "5": rn = "伍" elif n == "6": rn = "六" elif n == "7": rn = "七" elif n == "8": rn = "八" elif n == "9": rn = "九" elif n == ".": rn = "点" rn_List.append(rn) print("".join(rn_List)) //输入数字：1.23 //壹点贰三
随机生成8个0~10之间不相同的数
import random as r N_List = [] def rom(): N = r.randint(0, 10) if N in N_List: rom() else: N_List.append(N) for i in range(8): rom() print(N_List) //[8, 10, 3, 2, 5, 7, 1, 0]
游戏模块
import pygame # 窗口宽高 WINWIDTH = 640 WINHEIGHT = 480 # 颜色设置 DARKTURQUOISE = (3, 54, 73) YELLOW = (255, 255, 193) GRAY = (128, 128, 128) # 颜色变量 BGCOLOR = DARKTURQUOISE MSGCOLOR = DARKTURQUOISE MSGBGCOLOR = YELLOW BTCOLOR = YELLOW BTTEXTCOLOR = GRAY # 初始化帧率 FPS = 60 # 定义矩形边长 BLOCKSIZE = 60 def main(): pygame.init() # 初始化模块 WINSET = pygame.display.set_mode((WINWIDTH, WINHEIGHT)) # 创建窗体 WINSET.fill(BGCOLOR) # 填充颜色 pygame.display.set_caption('数字推盘') # 设置标题 image = pygame.image.load('bg1.jpg') # 加载图片 WINSET.blit(image, (0, 0)) # 绘制图片 BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('STKAITI.TTF', 25) # 创建字体对象 msgSurf = BASICFONT.render('初始化。。。', True, MSGCOLOR, MSGBGCOLOR) # 渲染 WINSET.blit(msgSurf, (0, 0)) autoSurf = BASICFONT.render('自动', True, BTTEXTCOLOR, BTCOLOR) autoRect = autoSurf.get_rect() # 获取矩形属性 autoRect.x = WINWIDTH - autoRect.width - 10 # 横坐标 autoRect.y = WINHEIGHT - autoRect.height - 10 # 纵坐标 WINSET.blit(autoSurf, autoRect) # 绘制字体 # 绘制矩形 blockRect = pygame.Rect(0.5 * (WINWIDTH - BLOCKSIZE), 0.5 * (WINHEIGHT - BLOCKSIZE), BLOCKSIZE, BLOCKSIZE) pygame.draw.rect(WINSET, BTCOLOR, blockRect) # 绘制数字 numSurf = BASICFONT.render('5', True, BTTEXTCOLOR, BTCOLOR) numRect = numSurf.get_rect() numRect.x = blockRect.x + 0.5 * (BLOCKSIZE - numRect.width) numRect.y = blockRect.y + 0.5 * (BLOCKSIZE - numRect.height) baseSurf = WINSET.copy() # 背景 FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock() # 创建Clock对象 for i in range(0, BLOCKSIZE, 2): FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS) # 设置帧率 pygame.draw.rect(WINSET, BTCOLOR, blockRect) WINSET.blit(numSurf, numRect) pygame.display.update() # 窗口刷新 blockRect.x += 10 # 修改坐标,让其向右移动 numRect.x += 10 WINSET.blit(baseSurf, (0, 0)) # 备份baseSurf覆盖WINSET pygame.quit() # 模块卸载 if __name__ == '__main__': main()
测试版10/15/23/02
import pygame, random, sys from pygame.locals import * from define import * from pygame import K_ESCAPE, KEYUP, QUIT, MOUSEBUTTONUP # 初始化窗口宽高 WINWIDTH = 640 WINHEIGHT = 480 # 初始化推盘行列和空格 ROW = 3 COL = 3 BLANK = None # 颜色预设 DARKGRAY = (60, 60, 60) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) YELLOW = (255, 255, 193) GRAY = (128, 128, 128) BRIGHTBLUE = (138, 228, 221) # 颜色变量 BLANKCOLOR = DARKGRAY MSGCOLOR = WHITE BTCOLOR = YELLOW BTTEXTCOLOR = GRAY BDCOLOR = BRIGHTBLUE # 静态常量 BLOCKSIZE = 80 FPS = 60 UP = 'up' DOWN = 'down' LEFT = 'left' RIGHT = 'right' NEWGAME = 'newgame' AUTOMOVE = random.randint(50, 100) # 随机移动次数 # 文本对象创建 def makeText(text, tColor, btColor, top, left): textSurf = BASICFONT.render(text, True, tColor, btColor) textRect = textSurf.get_rect() textRect.topleft = (top, left) return textSurf, textRect # 绘制方块在窗口(tilex,tiley)处 def drawTile(tilex, tiley, number, adjx=0, adjy=0): left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(tilex, tiley) pygame.draw.rect(WINSET, BTCOLOR, (left + adjx, top + adjy, BLOCKSIZE, BLOCKSIZE)) textSurf = BASICFONT.render(str(number), True, BTTEXTCOLOR) textRect = textSurf.get_rect() textRect.center = left + int(BLOCKSIZE / 2) + adjx, top + int(BLOCKSIZE / 2) + adjy WINSET.blit(textSurf, textRect) # 计算方块距离窗口原点纵横坐标距离 def getLeftTopOfTile(tilex, tiley): xMargin = int((WINWIDTH - (BLOCKSIZE * COL + (COL - 1))) / 2) yMargin = int((WINWIDTH - (BLOCKSIZE * ROW + (ROW - 1))) / 2) left = xMargin + (tilex * BLOCKSIZE) + (tilex - 1) top = yMargin + (tiley * BLOCKSIZE) + (tiley - 1) return left, top # 静态界面绘制 def darwStaticWin(): winSet = pygame.display.set_mode((WINWIDTH, WINHEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption('数字华容道') image = pygame.image.load('bg.jpg') winSet.blit(image, (0, 0)) # 按钮创建 new_surf, new_rect = makeText('新游戏', BTTEXTCOLOR, BTCOLOR, WINWIDTH - 85, WINHEIGHT - 40) winSet.blit(new_surf, new_rect) return winSet, new_surf, new_rect # 动态界面绘制 def drawBoard(board, msg): WINSET.blit(STATICSURF, (0, 0)) if msg: msgSurf, msgRect = makeText(msg, MSGCOLOR, None, 5, 5) pygame.image.save(msgSurf, 'msg.png') imgSurf = pygame.image.load('msg.png') WINSET.blit(imgSurf, msgRect) for i in range(len(board)): for j in range(len(board[0])): if board[i][j]: drawTile(i, j, board[i][j]) left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(0, 0) width = COL * BLOCKSIZE height = ROW * BLOCKSIZE pygame.draw.rect(WINSET, BDCOLOR, (left - 5, top - 5, width + 11, height + 11), 4) # 生成推盘序列 def getStartingBoard(): initBoard = [] for i in range(COL): i = i + 1 colum = [] for j in range(ROW): colum.append(i) i += COL # 按列添加,非顺序添加 initBoard.append(colum) initBoard[ROW - 1][COL - 1] = BLANK return initBoard # 移动交换元素位置 def makeMove(board, move): blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board) if move == UP: board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx][blanky + 1] = board[blankx][blanky + 1], board[blankx][blanky] elif move == DOWN: board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx][blanky - 1] = board[blankx][blanky - 1], board[blankx][blanky] elif move == LEFT: board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx + 1][blanky] = board[blankx + 1][blanky], board[blankx][blanky] elif move == RIGHT: board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx - 1][blanky] = board[blankx - 1][blanky], board[blankx][blanky] # 移动的动画效果 def slideAnimation(board, direction, msg, animationSpeed): blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board) # 获取空格的行列坐标 # 获取被移动的方块所在的行列 if direction == UP: movex = blankx movey = blanky + 1 elif direction == DOWN: movex = blankx movey = blanky - 1 elif direction == LEFT: movex = blankx + 1 movey = blanky elif direction == RIGHT: movex = blankx - 1 movey = blanky drawBoard(board, msg) BASESURF = WINSET.copy() # 复制此刻背景作为Surface对象 # 绘制空白快 moveLeft, moveTop = getLeftTopOfTile(movex, movey) pygame.draw.rect(BASESURF, BLANKCOLOR, (moveLeft, moveTop, BLOCKSIZE, BLOCKSIZE)) # 连续绘制被移动的方块 for i in range(0, BLOCKSIZE, animationSpeed): checkForQuit() WINSET.blit(BASESURF, (0, 0)) if direction == UP: drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], 0, -i) if direction == DOWN: drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], 0, i) if direction == LEFT: drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], -i, 0) if direction == RIGHT: drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], i, 0) pygame.display.update() # 更新界面 FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS) # 控制帧率 # 判断无效移动 def isValidMove(board, direction): blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board) if blankx == 1 and direction == DOWN: return False elif blankx == 3 and direction == UP: return False elif blanky == 1 and direction == RIGHT: return False elif blanky == 3 and direction == LEFT: return False else: return True # 获取随机移动的方向 def getRandomMove(board, lastMove=None): validMoves = [UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT] if lastMove == UP or not isValidMove(board, DOWN): validMoves.remove(DOWN) if lastMove == DOWN or not isValidMove(board, UP): validMoves.remove(UP) if lastMove == LEFT or not isValidMove(board, RIGHT): validMoves.remove(RIGHT) if lastMove == RIGHT or not isValidMove(board, LEFT): validMoves.remove(LEFT) return random.choice(validMoves) # 初始化推盘 def generateNewPuzzle(numSlides): mianBoard = getStartingBoard() # 获取拼图 drawBoard(mianBoard, '') lastMove = None for i in range(numSlides): move = getRandomMove(mianBoard, lastMove) slideAnimation(mianBoard, move, '初始化...', animationSpeed=int(BLOCKSIZE / 3)) makeMove(mianBoard, move) lastMove = move return mianBoard def getBlankPosition(board): for x in range(COL): for y in range(ROW): if board[x][y] == BLANK: return (x, y) def getSpotClicked(board, x, y): for tilex in range(len(board)): for tiley in range(len(board[0])): left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(tilex, tiley) tileRect = pygame.Rect(left, top, BLOCKSIZE, BLOCKSIZE) if tileRect.collidepoint(x, y): # 如果产生碰撞 return tilex, tiley # 返回行列 return None, None # 获取用户输入 def getInput(mainBoard): events = pygame.event.get() userInput = None for event in events: if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP: # 获取位置关系 spotx, spoty = getSpotClicked(mainBoard, event.pos[0], event.pos[1]) # 坐标不在拼图区域,点击的新游戏 if (spotx, spoty) == (None, None) and NEW_RECT.collidepoint(event.pos): userInput = NEWGAME else: # 如果已完成,点击非选项时不移动 if mainBoard == getStartingBoard(): break # 点击位置是否在BLANK旁边 blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(mainBoard) if spotx == blankx + 1 and spoty == blanky: userInput == LEFT # 设置移动方向 elif spotx == blankx - 1 and spoty == blanky: userInput = RIGHT elif spotx == blankx and spoty == blanky + 1: userInput = UP elif spotx == blankx and spoty == blanky - 1: userInput = DOWN return userInput # 对用户输入进行处理 def processing(userInput, mainBoard, msg): if mainBoard == getStartingBoard(): msg = '完成' else: msg = '通过鼠标移动方块' if userInput: # 功能按钮 if userInput == NEWGAME: initBoard = getStartingBoard() mainBoard = generateNewPuzzle(numSlides) else: # 方块移动 slideAnimation(mainBoard, userInput, msg, 8) makeMove(mainBoard, userInput) return mainBoard, msg # 资源回收与程序退出 def terminate(): pygame.quit() sys.exit() # 退出判断 def checkForQuit(): for event in pygame.event.get(QUIT): # 获取所有可能会导致退出的事件 terminate() # 执行退出 for event in pygame.event.get(KEYUP): # 按下ESC键退出 if event.key == K_ESCAPE: terminate() pygame.event.post(event) # 发送事件至消息列队 def main(): # FPSCLOCK Clock对象 # WINSET 窗体Surface对象 # STATICSURF 静态窗体Surface对象 # BASICFONT 字体对象 # NEW_SURF "新游戏"Surface对象,一张内容为文字的图片 调用字体对象的render()方法,渲染为Surface对象显示 # NEW_RECT get_rect()方法获取的"新游戏"矩形属性 global FPSCLOCK, WINSET, STATICSURF, BASICFONT # 定义全局变量 global NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT pygame.init() FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock() # 创建一个Clock对象,并使用变量FPSCLOCK保存 BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('STKAITI.TTF', 25) # 定义返回一个字体对象,并使用变量BASICFONT保存 WINSET, NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT = darwStaticWin() # 创建静态窗口 STATICSURF = WINSET.copy() # 复制一个静态窗口作为底板 mainBoard = generateNewPuzzle(AUTOMOVE) # 初始化 msg = None while True: FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS) # 设置帧率 drawBoard(mainBoard, msg) # 动态界面绘制 pygame.display.update() checkForQuit() # 判断是否终止 userInput = getInput(mainBoard) # 获取输入 mainBoard, msg = processing(userInput, mainBoard, msg) # 输入处理 if __name__ == '__main__': main()
测试10/1
import pygame, random, sys from pygame.locals import * from define import * # 初始化窗口宽高 WINWIDTH = 640 WINHEIGHT = 480 # 初始化推盘行列和空格 ROW = 3 COL = 3 BLANK = None # 颜色预设 DARKGRAY = (60, 60, 60) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) YELLOW = (255, 255, 193) GRAY = (128, 128, 128) BRIGHTBLUE = (138, 228, 221) # 颜色变量 BLANKCOLOR = DARKGRAY MSGCOLOR = WHITE BTCOLOR = YELLOW BTTEXTCOLOR = GRAY BDCOLOR = BRIGHTBLUE # 静态常量 BLOCKSIZE = 80 # 方块大小 FPS = 60 # 帧率 # 按键事件 UP = 'up' DOWN = 'down' LEFT = 'left' RIGHT = 'right' NEWGAME = 'newgame' # 随机移动次数 AUTOMOVE = random.randint(50, 100) # AUTOMOVE = 80 # 文本对象创建 def makeText(text, tColor, btColor, top, left): textSurf = BASICFONT.render(text, True, tColor, btColor) textRect = textSurf.get_rect() textRect.topleft = (top, left) return textSurf, textRect # 将字体渲染的Surface对象,Surface对象的矩形属性 # 绘制方块在窗口(tilex,tiley)处,adjx与adjy为偏移量,可选参数默认值为0 def drawTile(tilex, tiley, number, adjx=0, adjy=0): left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(tilex, tiley) # 绘制方块 pygame.draw.rect(WINSET, BTCOLOR, (left + adjx, top + adjy, BLOCKSIZE, BLOCKSIZE)) # 将数字number渲染到方块上 textSurf = BASICFONT.render(str(number), True, BTTEXTCOLOR) # 获取矩形属性 textRect = textSurf.get_rect() # print(textRect) textRect.center = left + int(BLOCKSIZE / 2) + adjx, top + int(BLOCKSIZE / 2) + adjy # print(textRect.center) # print(textRect) # 绘制到静态窗口上 WINSET.blit(textSurf, textRect) # 计算方块左上角 距离窗口原点纵横坐标距离 def getLeftTopOfTile(tilex, tiley): # 先计算左上角方块的距离 xMargin = int((WINWIDTH - (BLOCKSIZE * COL + (COL - 1))) / 2) # 199 yMargin = int((WINHEIGHT - (BLOCKSIZE * ROW + (ROW - 1))) / 2) # 119 # print(xMargin,yMargin) # print(tilex, tiley) ? left = xMargin + (tilex * BLOCKSIZE) + (tilex - 1) top = yMargin + (tiley * BLOCKSIZE) + (tiley - 1) # print(left, top) return left, top # 静态界面绘制 def darwStaticWin(): winSet = pygame.display.set_mode((WINWIDTH, WINHEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption('数字华容道') image = pygame.image.load('bg.jpg') winSet.blit(image, (0, 0)) # 按钮创建 new_surf, new_rect = makeText('新游戏', BTTEXTCOLOR, BTCOLOR, WINWIDTH - 85, WINHEIGHT - 40) winSet.blit(new_surf, new_rect) return winSet, new_surf, new_rect # 动态界面绘制 def drawBoard(board, msg): # board 推盘列表 WINSET.blit(STATICSURF, (0, 0)) if msg: msgSurf, msgRect = makeText(msg, MSGCOLOR, None, 5, 5) pygame.image.save(msgSurf, 'msg.png') # 将msgSurf存为名为msg.png的图片 imgSurf = pygame.image.load('msg.png') # 加载图片 # print(msgRect) # <rect(5, 5, 87, 28)> 矩形属性 WINSET.blit(imgSurf, msgRect) for i in range(len(board)): # 3 for j in range(len(board[0])): # 3 if board[i][j]: # 遍历出不为None的 # print(board[i][j]) drawTile(i, j, board[i][j]) # 方块上的数字和所在的行列,绘制方块及数字 # 绘制外边框 left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(0, 0) # 198 118 width = COL * BLOCKSIZE # 240 height = ROW * BLOCKSIZE # 240 pygame.draw.rect(WINSET, BDCOLOR, (left - 5, top - 5, width + 11, height + 11), 4) # 外沿厚度4 # 生成推盘序列 def getStartingBoard(): initBoard = [] # 二维列表 for i in range(COL): # 列 i = i + 1 colum = [] for j in range(ROW): colum.append(i) i += COL # 按列添加,非顺序添加 initBoard.append(colum) initBoard[ROW - 1][COL - 1] = BLANK # 最后一位添加None空格 # print(initBoard) return initBoard # 初始化推盘,随机移动numSlides(50~100)次 def generateNewPuzzle(numSlides): mianBoard = getStartingBoard() # 获取拼图列表 drawBoard(mianBoard, '') lastMove = None for i in range(numSlides): move = getRandomMove(mianBoard, lastMove) # 获取随机移动的方向 slideAnimation(mianBoard, move, '初始化...', int(BLOCKSIZE / 3)) makeMove(mianBoard, move) lastMove = move return mianBoard # 移动交换元素位置 def makeMove(board, move): blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board) if move == UP: board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx][blanky + 1] = board[blankx][blanky + 1], board[blankx][blanky] elif move == DOWN: board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx][blanky - 1] = board[blankx][blanky - 1], board[blankx][blanky] elif move == LEFT: board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx + 1][blanky] = board[blankx + 1][blanky], board[blankx][blanky] elif move == RIGHT: board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx - 1][blanky] = board[blankx - 1][blanky], board[blankx][blanky] # 移动的动画效果 def slideAnimation(board, direction, msg, animationSpeed): blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board) # 获取空格的行列坐标 # 获取被移动的方块所在的行列 if direction == UP: movex = blankx movey = blanky + 1 elif direction == DOWN: movex = blankx movey = blanky - 1 elif direction == LEFT: movex = blankx + 1 movey = blanky elif direction == RIGHT: movex = blankx - 1 movey = blanky drawBoard(board, msg) BASESURF = WINSET.copy() # 复制此刻背景作为Surface对象 # 绘制空白块 moveLeft, moveTop = getLeftTopOfTile(movex, movey) pygame.draw.rect(BASESURF, BLANKCOLOR, (moveLeft, moveTop, BLOCKSIZE, BLOCKSIZE)) # 连续绘制被移动的方块 # print(animationSpeed) # 26 方块移动速度 for i in range(0, BLOCKSIZE, 1): checkForQuit() WINSET.blit(BASESURF, (0, 0)) if direction == UP: drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], 0, -i) if direction == DOWN: drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], 0, i) if direction == LEFT: drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], -i, 0) if direction == RIGHT: drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], i, 0) pygame.display.update() # 更新界面 FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS) # 控制帧率 # 判断无效移动 def isValidMove(board, direction): blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board) if blankx == 1 and direction == DOWN: return False elif blankx == 3 and direction == UP: return False elif blanky == 1 and direction == RIGHT: return False elif blanky == 3 and direction == LEFT: return False else: return True # 获取随机移动的方向 def getRandomMove(board, lastMove=None): validMoves = [UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT] if lastMove == UP or not isValidMove(board, DOWN): validMoves.remove(DOWN) if lastMove == DOWN or not isValidMove(board, UP): validMoves.remove(UP) if lastMove == LEFT or not isValidMove(board, RIGHT): validMoves.remove(RIGHT) if lastMove == RIGHT or not isValidMove(board, LEFT): validMoves.remove(LEFT) return random.choice(validMoves) def getBlankPosition(board): for x in range(COL): for y in range(ROW): if board[x][y] == BLANK: return (x, y) def getSpotClicked(board, x, y): for tilex in range(len(board)): for tiley in range(len(board[0])): left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(tilex, tiley) tileRect = pygame.Rect(left, top, BLOCKSIZE, BLOCKSIZE) if tileRect.collidepoint(x, y): # 如果产生碰撞 return tilex, tiley # 返回行列 return None, None # 获取用户输入 def getInput(mainBoard): events = pygame.event.get() userInput = None for event in events: if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP: # 获取位置关系 spotx, spoty = getSpotClicked(mainBoard, event.pos[0], event.pos[1]) # 坐标不在拼图区域,点击的新游戏 if (spotx, spoty) == (None, None) and NEW_RECT.collidepoint(event.pos): userInput = NEWGAME else: # 如果已完成,点击非选项时不移动 if mainBoard == getStartingBoard(): break # 点击位置是否在BLANK旁边 blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(mainBoard) if spotx == blankx + 1 and spoty == blanky: userInput = LEFT # 设置移动方向 elif spotx == blankx - 1 and spoty == blanky: userInput = RIGHT elif spotx == blankx and spoty == blanky + 1: userInput = UP elif spotx == blankx and spoty == blanky - 1: userInput = DOWN return userInput # 对用户输入进行处理 def processing(userInput, mainBoard, msg): if mainBoard == getStartingBoard(): msg = '完成' else: msg = '通过鼠标移动方块' if userInput: # 功能按钮 if userInput == NEWGAME: initBoard = getStartingBoard() mainBoard = generateNewPuzzle(AUTOMOVE) drawBoard(initBoard, msg) # 动态界面绘制 else: # 方块移动 slideAnimation(mainBoard, userInput, msg, 8) makeMove(mainBoard, userInput) return mainBoard, msg # 资源回收与程序退出 def terminate(): pygame.quit() # 模块卸载 sys.exit() # 退出判断 def checkForQuit(): for event in pygame.event.get(QUIT): # 获取所有可能会导致退出的事件,存在就执行退出 terminate() # 执行退出 for event in pygame.event.get(KEYUP): # 按下ESC键退出 if event.key == K_ESCAPE: terminate() pygame.event.post(event) # 发送事件至消息列队 def main(): # FPSCLOCK Clock对象 # WINSET 窗体Surface对象 # STATICSURF 静态窗体Surface对象 # BASICFONT 字体对象 # NEW_SURF "新游戏"Surface对象,一张内容为文字的图片 调用字体对象的render()方法,渲染为Surface对象显示 # NEW_RECT get_rect()方法获取的"新游戏"矩形属性 global FPSCLOCK, WINSET, STATICSURF, BASICFONT # 定义全局变量 global NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT pygame.init() FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock() # 创建一个Clock对象,并使用变量FPSCLOCK保存 BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('STKAITI.TTF', 25) # 定义返回一个字体对象,并使用变量BASICFONT保存 WINSET, NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT = darwStaticWin() # 创建静态窗口 STATICSURF = WINSET.copy() # 复制一个静态窗口作为底板 mainBoard = generateNewPuzzle(AUTOMOVE) # 初始化列表 msg = None while True: FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS) # 设置帧率 drawBoard(mainBoard, msg) # 动态界面绘制 pygame.display.update() # 刷新 checkForQuit() # 判断是否终止 userInput = getInput(mainBoard) # 获取输入 mainBoard, msg = processing(userInput, mainBoard, msg) # 输入处理 if __name__ == '__main__': main()
Python笔记相关（下）：https://developer.aliyun.com/article/1488579
