spring学习笔记(第二部分)

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简介: 自学笔记

2.2.9、实验九:p命名空间

引入p命名空间后,可以通过以下方式为bean的各个属性赋值

<bean id="studentSix" class="com.atguigu.spring.bean.Student"
p:id="1006" p:name="小明" p:clazz-ref="clazzOne" p:teacherMapref="teacherMap"></bean>

2.2.10、实验十:引入外部属性文件

①加入依赖

<!-- MySQL驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.31</version>
</dependency>

②创建spring配置文件

image-20220930175717786

③配置bean

<!--声明数据源DataSource,作用是连接数据库-->
    <bean id="myDataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
          init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
        <!--set注入给DruidDataSource提供连接数据库信息-->
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/自己的数据库名?serverTimezone=UTC&amp;
                  useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false" />
        <property name="username" value="用户名" />
        <property name="password" value="自己的密码"/>
        <property name="maxActive" value="20" />
    </bean>

④测试

@Test
    public void testDataSource() throws SQLException {
   
   
        ApplicationContext ioc = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-datasource.xml");
        DruidDataSource dataSource = ioc.getBean(DruidDataSource.class);
        System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection());
    }

2.2.11、实验十一:bean的作用域

①概念

在Spring中可以通过配置bean标签的scope属性来指定bean的作用域范围,各取值含义参加下表:

取值 含义 创建对象的时机
singleton(默认) 在IOC容器中,这个bean的对象始终为单实例 IOC容器初始化时
prototype 这个bean在IOC容器中有多个实例 获取bean时

如果是在WebApplicationContext环境下还会有另外两个作用域(但不常用):

取值 含义
request 在一个请求范围内有效
session 在一个会话范围内有效

②创建类User

public class User {
   
   
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer age;
public User() {
   
   
}
public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age) {
   
   
            this.id = id;
            this.username = username;
            this.password = password;
            this.age = age;
            }
            public Integer getId() {
   
   
            return id;
            }
            public void setId(Integer id) {
   
   
            this.id = id;
            }
            public String getUsername() {
   
   
            return username;
            }
            public void setUsername(String username) {
   
   
            this.username = username;
            }
            public String getPassword() {
   
   
            return password;
            }
            public void setPassword(String password) {
   
   
            this.password = password;
            }
            public Integer getAge() {
   
   
            return age;
            }
            public void setAge(Integer age) {
   
   
            this.age = age;
}
            @Override
            public String toString() {
   
   
            return "User{" +
            "id=" + id +
            ", username='" + username + '\'' +
            ", password='" + password + '\'' +
            ", age=" + age +
            '}';
            }
}

③配置bean

<!-- scope属性:取值singleton(默认值),bean在IOC容器中只有一个实例,IOC容器初始化时创建
对象 -->
<!-- scope属性:取值prototype,bean在IOC容器中可以有多个实例,getBean()时创建对象 -->
<bean class="com.atguigu.bean.User" scope="prototype"></bean>

④测试

@Test
public void testBeanScope(){
   
   
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("springscope.xml");
        User user1 = ac.getBean(User.class);
        User user2 = ac.getBean(User.class);
        System.out.println(user1==user2);
}

2.2.12、实验十二:bean的生命周期

①具体的生命周期过程

  • bean对象创建(调用无参构造器)
  • 给bean对象设置属性
  • bean对象初始化之前操作(由bean的后置处理器负责)
  • bean对象初始化(需在配置bean时指定初始化方法)
  • bean对象初始化之后操作(由bean的后置处理器负责)
  • bean对象就绪可以使用
  • bean对象销毁(需在配置bean时指定销毁方法)
  • IOC容器关闭

②修改类User

public class User {
   
   
    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer age;

    public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age) {
   
   
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public User() {
   
   
        System.out.println("生命周期1:实例化");
    }

    public Integer getId() {
   
   
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
   
   
        System.out.println("生命周期2:依赖注入");
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
   
   
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
   
   
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
   
   
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
   
   
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
   
   
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
   
   
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
   
   
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
    public void initMethod(){
   
   
        System.out.println("生命周期3:初始化");
    }
    public void destroyMethod(){
   
   
        System.out.println("生命周期4:销毁");
    }
}
  • 注意其中的initMethod()和destroyMethod(),可以通过配置bean指定为初始化和销毁的方法

③配置bean

<!-- 使用init-method属性指定初始化方法 -->
<!-- 使用destroy-method属性指定销毁方法 -->
<bean id="user" class="com.xujicheng.spring.pojo.User" init-method="initMethod" destroy-method="destroyMethod">
    <property name="id" value="1"></property>
    <property name="username" value="洛无极"></property>
    <property name="age" value="20"></property>
    <property name="password" value="123456"></property>
</bean>

④测试

public class LifeCycleTest {
   
   
    @Test
    public void testLifeCycle(){
   
   
        //ConfigurableApplicationContext是ApplicationContext的子接口,其中扩展了刷新和关闭容器的方法
        ConfigurableApplicationContext ioc = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-lifecycle.xml");
        User user = ioc.getBean(User.class);
        System.out.println(user);
        ioc.close();
    }
}

⑤bean的后置处理器

bean的后置处理器会在生命周期的初始化前后添加额外的操作,需要实现BeanPostProcessor接口, 且配置到IOC容器中,需要注意的是,bean后置处理器不是单独针对某一个bean生效,而是针对IOC容 器中所有bean都会执行

创建bean的后置处理器:

public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
   
   
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
   
   
        //此方法在bean的生命周期初始化之前来执行
        System.out.println("MyBeanPostProcessor-->后置处理器postProcessBeforeInitialization");
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
   
   
        //此方法在bean的生命周期初始化之后来执行
        System.out.println("MyBeanPostProcessor-->后置处理器postProcessAfterInitialization");
        return bean;
    }
}

在IOC容器中配置后置处理器:

<!-- bean的后置处理器要放入IOC容器才能生效 -->
<bean id="myBeanProcessor" class="com.atguigu.spring.process.MyBeanProcessor"/>
  • 总结
bean的生命周期:
1、实例化
2、依赖注入
3、后置处理器的postProcessBeforeInitialization
4、初始化,需要通过bean的init-method属性指定初始化的方法
5、后置处理器的postProcessAfterInitialization
6、IOC容器关闭时销毁,需要通过bean的destroy-method属性方法指定销毁的方法
注意:
若bean的作用域为单例时,生命周期的前三个步骤会在获取IOC容器时执行
若bean的作用域为多例时,生命周期的前三个步骤会在获取bean时执行

bean的后置处理器会在生命周期的初始化前后添加额外的操作,需要实现BeanPostProcessor接口, 且配置到IOC容器中,需要注意的是,bean后置处理器不是单独针对某一个bean生效,而是针对IOC容 器中所有bean都会执行

2.2.13、实验十三:FactoryBean

①简介

FactoryBean是Spring提供的一种整合第三方框架的常用机制。和普通的bean不同,配置一个 FactoryBean类型的bean,在获取bean的时候得到的并不是class属性中配置的这个类的对象,而是 getObject()方法的返回值。通过这种机制,Spring可以帮我们把复杂组件创建的详细过程和繁琐细节都 屏蔽起来,只把最简洁的使用界面展示给我们。

将来我们整合Mybatis时,Spring就是通过FactoryBean机制来帮我们创建SqlSessionFactory对象的。

/*
* Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.beans.factory;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
/**
* Interface to be implemented by objects used within a {@link BeanFactory}
which
* are themselves factories for individual objects. If a bean implements this
* interface, it is used as a factory for an object to expose, not directly as a
* bean instance that will be exposed itself.
*
* <p><b>NB: A bean that implements this interface cannot be used as a normal
bean.</b>
* A FactoryBean is defined in a bean style, but the object exposed for bean
* references ({@link #getObject()}) is always the object that it creates.
*
* <p>FactoryBeans can support singletons and prototypes, and can either create
* objects lazily on demand or eagerly on startup. The {@link SmartFactoryBean}
* interface allows for exposing more fine-grained behavioral metadata.
*
* <p>This interface is heavily used within the framework itself, for example
for
* the AOP {@link org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean} or the
* {@link org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean}. It can be used for
* custom components as well; however, this is only common for infrastructure
code.
*
* <p><b>{@code FactoryBean} is a programmatic contract. Implementations are not
* supposed to rely on annotation-driven injection or other reflective
facilities.</b>
* {@link #getObjectType()} {@link #getObject()} invocations may arrive early in
the
* bootstrap process, even ahead of any post-processor setup. If you need access
to
* other beans, implement {@link BeanFactoryAware} and obtain them
programmatically.
*
* <p><b>The container is only responsible for managing the lifecycle of the
FactoryBean
* instance, not the lifecycle of the objects created by the FactoryBean.</b>
Therefore,
* a destroy method on an exposed bean object (such as {@linkjava.io.Closeable#close()}
* will <i>not</i> be called automatically. Instead, a FactoryBean should
implement
* {@link DisposableBean} and delegate any such close call to the underlying
object.
*
* <p>Finally, FactoryBean objects participate in the containing BeanFactory's
* synchronization of bean creation. There is usually no need for internal
* synchronization other than for purposes of lazy initialization within the
* FactoryBean itself (or the like).
*
* @author Rod Johnson
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @since 08.03.2003
* @param <T> the bean type
* @see org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory
* @see org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean
* @see org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean
*/
public interface FactoryBean<T> {
   
   
/**
* The name of an attribute that can be
* {@link org.springframework.core.AttributeAccessor#setAttribute set} on a
* {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition} so that
* factory beans can signal their object type when it can't be deduced from
* the factory bean class.
* @since 5.2
*/
String OBJECT_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE = "factoryBeanObjectType";
/**
* Return an instance (possibly shared or independent) of the object
* managed by this factory.
* <p>As with a {@link BeanFactory}, this allows support for both the
* Singleton and Prototype design pattern.
* <p>If this FactoryBean is not fully initialized yet at the time of
* the call (for example because it is involved in a circular reference),
* throw a corresponding {@link FactoryBeanNotInitializedException}.
* <p>As of Spring 2.0, FactoryBeans are allowed to return {@code null}
* objects. The factory will consider this as normal value to be used; it
* will not throw a FactoryBeanNotInitializedException in this case anymore.
* FactoryBean implementations are encouraged to throw
* FactoryBeanNotInitializedException themselves now, as appropriate.
* @return an instance of the bean (can be {@code null})
* @throws Exception in case of creation errors
* @see FactoryBeanNotInitializedException
*/
@Nullable
T getObject() throws Exception;
/**
* Return the type of object that this FactoryBean creates,
* or {@code null} if not known in advance.
* <p>This allows one to check for specific types of beans without
* instantiating objects, for example on autowiring.
* <p>In the case of implementations that are creating a singleton object,
* this method should try to avoid singleton creation as far as possible;
* it should rather estimate the type in advance.
* For prototypes, returning a meaningful type here is advisable too.
* <p>This method can be called <i>before</i> this FactoryBean has
* been fully initialized. It must not rely on state created during
* initialization; of course, it can still use such state if available.
* <p><b>NOTE:</b> Autowiring will simply ignore FactoryBeans that return
* {@code null} here. Therefore it is highly recommended to implement
* this method properly, using the current state of the FactoryBean.
* @return the type of object that this FactoryBean creates,
* or {@code null} if not known at the time of the call
* @see ListableBeanFactory#getBeansOfType
*/
@Nullable
Class<?> getObjectType();
/**
* Is the object managed by this factory a singleton? That is,
* will {@link #getObject()} always return the same object
* (a reference that can be cached)?
* <p><b>NOTE:</b> If a FactoryBean indicates to hold a singleton object,
* the object returned from {@code getObject()} might get cached
* by the owning BeanFactory. Hence, do not return {@code true}
* unless the FactoryBean always exposes the same reference.
* <p>The singleton status of the FactoryBean itself will generally
* be provided by the owning BeanFactory; usually, it has to be
* defined as singleton there.
* <p><b>NOTE:</b> This method returning {@code false} does not
* necessarily indicate that returned objects are independent instances.
* An implementation of the extended {@link SmartFactoryBean} interface
* may explicitly indicate independent instances through its
* {@link SmartFactoryBean#isPrototype()} method. Plain {@link FactoryBean}
* implementations which do not implement this extended interface are
* simply assumed to always return independent instances if the
* {@code isSingleton()} implementation returns {@code false}.
* <p>The default implementation returns {@code true}, since a
* {@code FactoryBean} typically manages a singleton instance.
* @return whether the exposed object is a singleton
* @see #getObject()
* @see SmartFactoryBean#isPrototype()
*/
default boolean isSingleton() {
   
   
return true;
}
}

②创建类UserFactoryBean

/**
 * FactoryBean是一个接口,需要创建一个类实现该接口
 * 其中有三个方法:
 * getObject():提供一个对象交给IOC容器管理
 * isSingleton():所提供的对象是否单例
 * 当把FactoryBean的实现类配置为bean时,会将当前类getObject()所返回的对象交给IOC容器管理
 * @auhor xujicheng
 * @since 2022/10/1 16:33
 */
public class UserFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<User> {
   
   
    @Override
    public User getObject() throws Exception {
   
   
        return new User();
    }

    @Override
    public Class<?> getObjectType() {
   
   
        return User.class;
    }
}

③配置bean

<bean id="user" class="com.atguigu.bean.UserFactoryBean"></bean>

④测试

@Test
public void testUserFactoryBean(){
   
   
//获取IOC容器
    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("springfactorybean.xml");
    User user = (User) ac.getBean("user");
    System.out.println(user);
}

2.2.14、实验十四:基于xml的自动装配

自动装配:根据指定的策略,在IOC容器中匹配某一个bean,自动为指定的bean中所依赖的类类型或接口类 型属性赋值

①场景模拟

创建类UserController

public class UserController {
   
   
    private UserService userService;
    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
   
   
    this.userService = userService;
    }
    public void saveUser(){
   
   
    userService.saveUser();
    }
}

创建接口UserService

public interface UserService {
   
   
    void saveUser();
}

创建类UserServiceImpl实现接口UserService

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
   
   
private UserDao userDao;
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
   
   
    this.userDao = userDao;
}
        @Override
        public void saveUser() {
   
   
        userDao.saveUser();
        }
}

创建接口UserDao

public interface UserDao {
   
   
    void saveUser();
}

创建类UserDaoImpl实现接口UserDao

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
   
   
    @Override
    public void saveUser() {
   
   
    System.out.println("保存成功");
    }
}

②配置bean

使用bean标签的autowire属性设置自动装配效果

自动装配方式:byType

byType:根据类型匹配IOC容器中的某个兼容类型的bean,为属性自动赋值

若在IOC中,没有任何一个兼容类型的bean能够为属性赋值,则该属性不装配,即值为默认值 null

若在IOC中,有多个兼容类型的bean能够为属性赋值,则抛出异常 NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException

<bean id="userController"
class="com.atguigu.autowire.xml.controller.UserController" autowire="byType">
</bean>
<bean id="userService"
class="com.atguigu.autowire.xml.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byType">
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.atguigu.autowire.xml.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>

自动装配方式:byName

byName:将自动装配的属性的属性名,作为bean的id在IOC容器中匹配相对应的bean进行赋值

<bean id="userController"
class="com.atguigu.autowire.xml.controller.UserController" autowire="byName">
</bean>
<bean id="userService"
class="com.atguigu.autowire.xml.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName">
</bean>
<bean id="userServiceImpl"
class="com.atguigu.autowire.xml.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName">
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.atguigu.autowire.xml.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
<bean id="userDaoImpl" class="com.atguigu.autowire.xml.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
</bean>

③测试

@Test
public void testAutoWireByXML(){
   
   
    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("autowirexml.xml");
    UserController userController = ac.getBean(UserController.class);
    userController.saveUser();
}

自动装配方式的总结

自动装配:
根据指定的策略,在IOC容器中匹配某个bean,自动为bean中的类类型的属性或接口类型的属性赋值
可以通过bean标签中的autowire属性设置自动装配的策略
自动装配的策略:
no,default:表示不装配,即bean中的属性不会自动匹配某个bean为属性赋值,此时属性使用默认值
byType:根据要赋值的属性的类型,在IOC容器中匹配某个bean,为属性赋值

注意:以下两种为特殊情况
1、若通过类型没有找到任何一个类型匹配的bean,测i在不装配,属性使用默认值
2、若通过类型找到了多个类型匹配的bean,此时会抛出异常NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException
总结:当使用byType实现自动装配式,IOC容器中有且只有一个类型匹配的bean能够为属性赋值

byName:将要赋值的属性的属性名作为bean的id在IOC容器中匹配某个bean,为属性赋值
总结:当类型匹配的bean有多个时,此时可以使用byName实现自动装配

2.3、基于注解管理bean

2.3.1、实验一:标记与扫描

①注解

和 XML 配置文件一样,注解本身并不能执行,注解本身仅仅只是做一个标记,具体的功能是框架检测 到注解标记的位置,然后针对这个位置按照注解标记的功能来执行具体操作。

本质上:所有一切的操作都是Java代码来完成的,XML和注解只是告诉框架中的Java代码如何执行。

举例:元旦联欢会要布置教室,蓝色的地方贴上元旦快乐四个字,红色的地方贴上拉花,黄色的地方贴 上气球。

image-20220929124640114

班长做了所有标记,同学们来完成具体工作。墙上的标记相当于我们在代码中使用的注解,后面同学们 做的工作,相当于框架的具体操作。

②扫描

Spring 为了知道程序员在哪些地方标记了什么注解,就需要通过扫描的方式,来进行检测。然后根据注 解进行后续操作。

③新建Maven Module

<dependencies>
<!-- 基于Maven依赖传递性,导入spring-context依赖即可导入当前所需所有jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- junit测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

④创建Spring配置文件

image-20220929124723100

⑤标识组件的常用注解

@Component:将类标识为普通组件

@Controller:将类标识为控制层组件

@Service:将类标 识为业务层组件

@Repository:将类标识为持久层组件

问:以上四个注解有什么关系和区别?

image-20220929124806272

通过查看源码我们得知,@Controller、@Service、@Repository这三个注解只是在@Component注解 的基础上起了三个新的名字。

对于Spring使用IOC容器管理这些组件来说没有区别。所以@Controller、@Service、@Repository这 三个注解只是给开发人员看的,让我们能够便于分辨组件的作用

注意:虽然它们本质上一样,但是为了代码的可读性,为了程序结构严谨我们肯定不能随便胡乱标记。

⑥创建组件

创建控制层组件

@Controller
public class UserController {
   
   
}

创建接口UserService

public interface UserService {
   
   
}

创建业务层组件UserServiceImpl

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
   
   
}

创建接口UserDao

public interface UserDao {
   
   
}

创建持久层组件UserDaoImpl

@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
   
   
}

⑦扫描组件

情况一:最基本的扫描方式

<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu">
</context:component-scan>

情况二:指定要排除的组件

<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu">
<!-- context:exclude-filter标签:指定排除规则 -->
<!--
type:设置排除或包含的依据
type="annotation",根据注解排除,expression中设置要排除的注解的全类名
type="assignable",根据类型排除,expression中设置要排除的类型的全类名
-->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
<!--<context:exclude-filter type="assignable"
expression="com.atguigu.controller.UserController"/>-->
</context:component-scan>

情况三:仅扫描指定组件

<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu" use-default-filters="false">
<!-- context:include-filter标签:指定在原有扫描规则的基础上追加的规则 -->
<!-- use-default-filters属性:取值false表示关闭默认扫描规则 -->
<!-- 此时必须设置use-default-filters="false",因为默认规则即扫描指定包下所有类 -->
<!--
type:设置排除或包含的方式 
type="annotation",根据注解排除,expression中设置要排除的注解的全类名
type="assignable",根据类型排除,expression中设置要排除的类型的全类名
-->
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
<!--<context:include-filter type="assignable"
expression="com.atguigu.controller.UserController"/>-->
</context:component-scan>

⑧测试

@Test
public void testAutowireByAnnotation(){
   
   
    ApplicationContext ac = new
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    UserController userController = ac.getBean(UserController.class);
    System.out.println(userController);
    UserService userService = ac.getBean(UserService.class);
    System.out.println(userService);
    UserDao userDao = ac.getBean(UserDao.class);
    System.out.println(userDao);
    }

⑨组件所对应的bean的id

在我们使用XML方式管理bean的时候,每个bean都有一个唯一标识,便于在其他地方引用。现在使用 注解后,每个组件仍然应该有一个唯一标识。

  • 默认情况

    • 类名首字母小写就是bean的id。例如:UserController类对应的bean的id就是userController。 自定义bean的id
    • 可通过标识组件的注解的value属性设置自定义的bean的id
    • @Service("userService")//默认为userServiceImpl public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {}
  • 扫描的总结

context:exclude-filter:排除扫描
type:设置排除扫描的方式
type:"annotation | assignable"
annotation:根据注解的类型进行排除,expression需要设置排除的注解的全类名
assignable:根据类的类型进行排除,expression需要设置排除的类的全类名

context:include-filter:包含扫描
注意:需要在context:component-scan标签中设置use-default-filters="false"
use-default-filters="true"(默认),所设置的包下所有的类都需要扫描,此时可以使用排除扫描
use-default-filters="false",所设置的报下所有的类都不需要扫描,此时可以使用包含扫描

2.3.2、实验二:基于注解的自动装配

①场景模拟

参考基于xml的自动装配

在UserController中声明UserService对象

在UserServiceImpl中声明UserDao对象

②@Autowired注解

在成员变量上直接标记@Autowired注解即可完成自动装配,不需要提供setXxx()方法。以后我们在项 目中的正式用法就是这样。

@Controller
public class UserController {
   
   
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    public void saveUser(){
   
   
    userService.saveUser();
    }
}
public interface UserService {
   
   
    void saveUser();
}
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
   
   
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;
    @Override
    public void saveUser() {
   
   
    userDao.saveUser();
    }
}
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
   
   
    @Override
    public void saveUser() {
   
   
    System.out.println("保存成功");
    }
}

③@Autowired注解其他细节

  • @Autowired注解可以标记在构造器和set方法上
@Controller
public class UserController {
   
   
    private UserService userService;
    @Autowired
    public UserController(UserService userService){
   
   
    this.userService = userService;
    }
    public void saveUser(){
   
   
    userService.saveUser();
    }
}
@Controller
public class UserController {
   
   
    private UserService userService;
    @Autowired
    public void setUserService(UserService userService){
   
   
    this.userService = userService;
    }
    public void saveUser(){
   
   
    userService.saveUser();
    }
}

④@Autowired工作流程

image-20220929125338716

  • 首先根据所需要的组件类型到IOC容器中查找
    • 能够找到唯一的bean:直接执行装配
    • 如果完全找不到匹配这个类型的bean:装配失败
    • 和所需类型匹配的bean不止一个
      • 没有@Qualifier注解:根据@Autowired标记位置成员变量的变量名作为bean的id进行 匹配
        • 能够找到:执行装配
        • 找不到:装配失败
      • 使用@Qualifier注解:根据@Qualifier注解中指定的名称作为bean的id进行匹配
        • 能够找到:执行装配
        • 找不到:装配失败
@Controller
public class UserController {
   
   
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("userServiceImpl")
    private UserService userService;
    public void saveUser(){
   
   
    userService.saveUser();
    }
}
  • @Autowired中有属性required,默认值为true,因此在自动装配无法找到相应的bean时,会装 配失败
  • 可以将属性required的值设置为true,则表示能装就装,装不上就不装,此时自动装配的属性为 默认值
  • 但是实际开发时,基本上所有需要装配组件的地方都是必须装配的,用不上这个属性。

3、AOP

3.1、场景模拟

3.1.1、声明接口

声明计算器接口Calculator,包含加减乘除的抽象方法

public interface Calculator {
   
   
    int add(int i, int j);
    int sub(int i, int j);
    int mul(int i, int j);
    int div(int i, int j);
}

3.1.2、创建实现类

image-20220929125619708

public class CalculatorPureImpl implements Calculator {
   
   
    @Override
    public int add(int i, int j) {
   
   
    int result = i + j;
    System.out.println("方法内部 result = " + result);
    return result;
}
    @Override
    public int sub(int i, int j) {
   
   
    int result = i - j;
    System.out.println("方法内部 result = " + result);
    return result;
    }
    @Override
    public int mul(int i, int j) {
   
   
    int result = i * j;
    System.out.println("方法内部 result = " + result);
    return result;
    }
    @Override
    public int div(int i, int j) {
   
   
    int result = i / j;
    System.out.println("方法内部 result = " + result);
    return result;
    }
}

3.1.3、创建带日志功能的实现类

image-20220929125736765

public class CalculatorLogImpl implements Calculator {
   
   
    @Override
    public int add(int i, int j) {
   
   
    System.out.println("[日志] add 方法开始了,参数是:" + i + "," + j);
    int result = i + j;
    System.out.println("方法内部 result = " + result);
    System.out.println("[日志] add 方法结束了,结果是:" + result);
    return result;
    }
    @Override
    public int sub(int i, int j) {
   
   
    System.out.println("[日志] sub 方法开始了,参数是:" + i + "," + j);
    int result = i - j;
    System.out.println("方法内部 result = " + result);
    System.out.println("[日志] sub 方法结束了,结果是:" + result);
    return result;
    }
    @Override
    public int mul(int i, int j) {
   
   
    System.out.println("[日志] mul 方法开始了,参数是:" + i + "," + j);
    int result = i * j;
    System.out.println("方法内部 result = " + result);
    System.out.println("[日志] mul 方法结束了,结果是:" + result);
    return result;
    }
    @Override
    public int div(int i, int j) {
   
   
    System.out.println("[日志] div 方法开始了,参数是:" + i + "," + j);
    int result = i / j;
    System.out.println("方法内部 result = " + result);
    System.out.println("[日志] div 方法结束了,结果是:" + result);
    return result;
    }
}
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