概述
Spring 表达式语言(简称SpEL):是一个支持运行时查询和操作对象图的强大的表达式语言。
语法类似于 EL:SpEL 使用 #{…} 作为定界符,所有在大框号中的字符都将被认为是 SpEL
SpEL 为 bean 的属性进行动态赋值提供了便利.
通过 SpEL 可以实现:
- 通过 bean 的 id 对 bean 进行引用
- 调用方法以及引用对象中的属性
- 计算表达式的值
- 正则表达式的匹配
SpEL:字面量
字面量的表示:
整数: <property name="count" value="#{5}"/> 小数: <property name="frequency" value="#{89.7}"/> 科学计数法: <property name="capacity" value="#{1e4}"/> String可以使用单引号或者双引号作为字符串的定界符号: <property name=“name” value="#{'Chuck'}"/> 或 <property name='name' value='#{"Chuck"}'/> Boolean: <property name="enabled" value="#{false}"/>
如果仅仅是表示字面量,其实是没有必要使用Spring EL表达式的,这里仅仅演示一下而已,日常的开发中很少使用。
SpEL:引用 Bean、属性和方法
引用其他对象
但是我们更常用ref 来实现其他对象的引用
引用其他对象的属性
调用其他方法,还可以链式操作
调用静态方法或静态属性
通过 T() 调用一个类的静态方法,它将返回一个 Class Object,然后再调用相应的方法或属性:
SpEL支持的运算符号
算数运算符:+, -, *, /, %, ^
加号还可以用作字符串连接
比较运算符: <, >, ==, <=, >=, lt, gt, eq, le, ge
逻辑运算符号: and, or, not, |
if-else 运算符:?: (ternary), ?: (Elvis)
if-else 的变体
正则表达式:matches
示例-基于xml的方式
package com.xgj.spel; /** * * * @ClassName: Address * * @Description: 地址信息 * * @author: Mr.Yang * * @date: 2018年4月7日 下午8:29:12 */ public class Address { private String city; private String street; public String getCity() { return city; } public void setCity(String city) { this.city = city; } public String getStreet() { return street; } public void setStreet(String street) { this.street = street; } @Override public String toString() { return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + ", getClass()=" + getClass() + ", hashCode()=" + hashCode() + ", toString()=" + super.toString() + "]"; } }
package com.xgj.spel; /** * * * @ClassName: Car * * @Description: 车辆 * * @author: Mr.Yang * * @date: 2018年4月7日 下午8:30:01 */ public class Car { private String brand; private double price; // 调用静态方法或静态属性:通过 T() 调用一个类的静态方法,它将返回一个 Class Object,然后再调用相应的方法或属性 private long weight; public long getWeight() { return weight; } public void setWeight(long weight) { this.weight = weight; } public String getBrand() { return brand; } public void setBrand(String brand) { this.brand = brand; } public double getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(double price) { this.price = price; } @Override public String toString() { return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + ", weight=" + weight + "]"; } }
package com.xgj.spel; public class Boss { private String name; private Car car; // 通过 Spring El 引用 Address的city private String city; // 通过 Car的price属性,确定info ,如果car.price>=500000 ,info 为CEO,否则为 Staff private String info; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Car getCar() { return car; } public void setCar(Car car) { this.car = car; } public String getCity() { return city; } public void setCity(String city) { this.city = city; } public String getInfo() { return info; } public void setInfo(String info) { this.info = info; } @Override public String toString() { return "Boss [name=" + name + ", car=" + car + ", city=" + city + ", info=" + info + "]"; } }
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="car" class="com.xgj.spel.Car" p:brand="Bench" p:price="700000" p:weight="#{T(java.lang.Math).PI * 4567}" /> <!-- 通过Spring El表达式为属性赋值一个字面值 , 当然了,如果是字面值就没有必要使用Spring El表达式了,这里仅仅是演示该用法 --> <bean id="address" class="com.xgj.spel.Address" p:city="#{'NanJing'}" p:street="RuanJianDaDao" /> <bean id="boss" class="com.xgj.spel.Boss" p:name="Artisan" p:city="#{address.city}" p:car-ref="car" p:info="#{car.price > 500000 ? 'CEO' : 'staff'}" /> </beans>
测试类:
package com.xgj.spel; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class SpelTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String configLocation = "com/xgj/spel/beans_spel.xml"; ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocation); Car car = (Car) ctx.getBean("car"); System.out.println(car); Boss boss = (Boss) ctx.getBean("boss"); System.out.println(boss); } }
结果:
2018-04-07 21:21:30,804 INFO [main] (AbstractApplicationContext.java:583) - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@4af6178d: startup date [Sat Apr 07 21:21:30 BOT 2018]; root of context hierarchy 2018-04-07 21:21:30,907 INFO [main] (XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:317) - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [com/xgj/spel/beans_spel.xml] Car [brand=Bench, price=700000.0, weight=14347] Boss [name=Artisan, car=Car [brand=Bench, price=700000.0, weight=14347], city=NanJing, info=CEO]
示例-基于注解的方式
我们通过一个数据库的例子来演示。虽然可以通过Spring El 表达式从配置文件中加载一个参数值,比如
@Value("#{properties['jdbc.driverClassName']}")
是不是容易出错…. Spring提供了更好的方式 context:property-placeholder。
package com.xgj.spel.annotation; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * * * @ClassName: MyDataSource * * @Description: 数据源 @Component标注 * * @author: Mr.Yang * * @date: 2018年4月7日 下午9:26:32 */ @Component public class MyDataSource { private String driverClass; private String url; private String username; private String password; public String getDriverClass() { return driverClass; } /** * * * @Title: setDriverClass * * @Description: @Value注解自动注入属性配置文件中对应属性的值 * * @param driverClass * * @return: void */ @Value("${jdbc.driverClassName}") public void setDriverClass(String driverClass) { this.driverClass = driverClass; } public String getUrl() { return url; } @Value("${jdbc.url}") public void setUrl(String url) { this.url = url; } public String getUsername() { return username; } // @Value("$(jdbc.username)") @Value("${jdbc.username}") public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } @Value("${jdbc.password}") public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public String toString() { return "MyDataSource [driverClass=" + driverClass + ", url=" + url + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + "]"; } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd"> <!-- 扫描的基包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.xgj.spel.annotation"/> <!-- 加载外部properties文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:mysql/db_mysql.properties"/> </beans>
db_mysql.properties
jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/artisan jdbc.username=artisan jdbc.password=artisan
package com.xgj.spel.annotation; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TestCase { @Test public void test() { String configurationLocation = "com/xgj/spel/annotation/beans_anno.xml"; ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configurationLocation); MyDataSource myDataSource = (MyDataSource) ctx.getBean("myDataSource"); System.out.println(myDataSource); System.out.println("driverClassName:" + myDataSource.getDriverClass()); System.out.println("url:" + myDataSource.getUrl()); System.out.println("username:" + myDataSource.getUsername()); System.out.println("password:" + myDataSource.getPassword()); } }
运行结果
2018-04-07 23:37:11,409 INFO [main] (AbstractApplicationContext.java:583) - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@761df304: startup date [Sat Apr 07 23:37:11 BOT 2018]; root of context hierarchy 2018-04-07 23:37:11,552 INFO [main] (XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:317) - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [com/xgj/spel/annotation/beans_anno.xml] MyDataSource [driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver, url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/artisan, username=artisan, password=artisan] driverClassName:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/artisan username:artisan password:artisan