Vector 末尾元素的删除及容器清空释放空间
#include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <ctime> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; void vtest(vector<int> &v) { cout<<"empty():"<<v.empty()<<endl; cout<<"size():"<<v.size()<<endl; cout<<"capacity():"<<v.capacity()<<endl<<endl; } int main(void) { vector<int> v1; srand(time(0)+rand()); //初始化随机数发生器 for(int i=0;i<10;i++) v1.push_back(rand()%10); //随机赋10个数 for(auto v:v1) cout<<v<<" "; cout<<endl; cout<<"首个元素front():"<<v1.front()<<endl; cout<<"末尾元素back():"<<v1.back()<<endl; vtest(v1); v1.pop_back(); //删除尾部一个元素 for(auto v:v1) cout<<v<<" "; cout<<endl; cout<<"末尾元素back():"<<v1.back()<<endl; vtest(v1); cout<<"capacity()没有变小,可以用shrink_to_fit()"<<endl; v1.shrink_to_fit(); vtest(v1); v1.clear(); //清空,删除所有元素 for(auto v:v1) cout<<v<<"不执行"; cout<<"已删空"<<endl; cout<<"此时back()无意义:"<<v1.back()<<endl; vtest(v1); vector<int> v2(5); //clear()等价于size()次pop_back() for(auto v:v2) cout<<v<<" "; cout<<endl; vtest(v2); for(auto v:v2) v2.pop_back(); for(auto v:v2) cout<<v<<"不执行"; cout<<"已删空"<<endl; vtest(v2); for(int i=0;i<10;i++) v2.push_back(rand()%10); for(auto v:v2) cout<<v<<" "; cout<<endl; vtest(v2); vector<int>().swap(v2); //第三种清空办法,与一个空容器交换 for(auto v:v2) cout<<v<<"不执行"; cout<<"已删空"<<endl; vtest(v2); //第三种比较彻底,内存空间也已清空 相当于.clear()+.shrink_to_fit() return 0; }
运行结果:
1 5 6 0 9 8 2 8 5 3 首个元素front():1 末尾元素back():3 empty():0 size():10 capacity():16 1 5 6 0 9 8 2 8 5 末尾元素back():5 empty():0 size():9 capacity():16 capacity()没有变小,可以用shrink_to_fit() empty():0 size():9 capacity():9 已删空 此时back()无意义:201389041 empty():1 size():0 capacity():9 0 0 0 0 0 empty():0 size():5 capacity():5 已删空 empty():1 size():0 capacity():5 4 5 5 5 8 2 6 0 8 7 empty():0 size():10 capacity():10 已删空 empty():1 size():0 capacity():0 -------------------------------- Process exited after 0.4712 seconds with return value 0 请按任意键继续. . .
Vector 指定位置的元素删除
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; template<typename Type> void v_erase(vector<Type> &v, size_t pos) { //删除指定第几个,非位置号,相差1 if (pos>v.size()) return; vector<Type> tmp(v.begin()+pos,v.end()); while (v.size()>pos-1) v.pop_back(); for (auto t:tmp) v.push_back(t); vector<Type>().swap(tmp); } int main(void) { vector <int> v(10); srand(time(0)+rand()); cout<<"随机产生10个小于100的整数:"<<endl; for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), [](int &i)->void{i=rand()%100;}); for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), [](int i)->void{cout<<i<<" ";}); cout<<endl<<endl; cout<<"删除第4个元素,即v[3]:"<<endl; vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin()+3; v.erase(it); for (auto i:v) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl<<endl; cout<<"删除第2个元素,即v[1]:"<<endl; v.erase(v.begin()+1); for (auto i:v) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl<<endl; cout<<"删除最末尾元素,即v[v.size()-1]:"<<endl; v.erase(v.end()-1); //最未尾的指针v.end()-1,不减一会出错 for (auto i:v) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl<<endl; cout<<"删除倒数第3个元素,即v[v.size()-3]:"<<endl; v.erase(v.end()-3); for (auto i:v) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl<<endl; v.shrink_to_fit(); //释放被删元素的空间 cout<<"用自定义函数删除第2个元素,即v[1]:"<<endl; v_erase(v,2); for (auto i:v) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl<<endl; cout<<"用自定义函数删除第1个元素,即v[0]:"<<endl; v_erase(v,1); for (auto i:v) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl<<endl; cout<<"用自定义函数删除最后1个元素,即v[v.size()-1]:"<<endl; v_erase(v,v.size()); for (auto i:v) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl<<endl; v.shrink_to_fit(); //释放被删元素的空间 return 0; }
运行结果:
随机产生10个小于100的整数: 60 72 27 67 81 60 31 73 1 73 删除第4个元素,即v[3]: 60 72 27 81 60 31 73 1 73 删除第2个元素,即v[1]: 60 27 81 60 31 73 1 73 删除最末尾元素,即v[v.size()-1]: 60 27 81 60 31 73 1 删除倒数第3个元素,即v[v.size()-3]: 60 27 81 60 73 1 用自定义函数删除第2个元素,即v[1]: 60 81 60 73 1 用自定义函数删除第1个元素,即v[0]: 81 60 73 1 用自定义函数删除最后1个元素,即v[v.size()-1]: 81 60 73 -------------------------------- Process exited after 0.5417 seconds with return value 0 请按任意键继续. . .
补充一:erase()可以删除一段区间内的元素,用法: vect.erase(vect.begin()+4,vect.end()); //删除第一个元素后4个起至最后的所有元素,即删除:vect[4]~vect[vect.size()-1]。
补充二:remove()可以移除等于某个值的所有元素,但并未删除移掉元素的空间。比如:{1,0,2,3,0,0,4,0,5}去掉0后剩下的{1,2,3,4,5}去覆盖掉容器最前面的元素{1,2,3,4,5,0,4,0,5},原有顺序并没改变,没被覆盖掉的元素仍保留在原位置处。
补充三:remove()+erase()联用可真正删除等于某个值的所有元素。可用迭代器for auto语句代替,并且if的条件判断更加灵活。见如下代码:
#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; int main(void) { int a[]={1,0,2,3,0,0,4,0,5}; vector <int> v1(a,a+9),v2(a,a+9),v3(a,a+9); for(auto v:v1) cout<<v<<" "; cout<<endl; remove(v1.begin(),v1.end(),0); //移除等于0的元素,并未删除空间 for(auto v:v1) cout<<v<<" "; cout<<endl; v2.erase(remove(v2.begin(),v2.end(),0),v2.end()); //remove()+erase()联用,删除所有等于0的元素 for(auto v:v2) cout<<v<<" "; cout<<endl; for (auto it=v3.begin();it!=v3.end();it++) if (*it==0) v3.erase(it--); //重要:删除后位置前移1 //用迭代器循环,删除指定条件的元素,条件可以扩展成(*it>1&&*it<4)等等 for(auto v:v3) cout<<v<<" "; cout<<endl; return 0; }
运行结果:
1 0 2 3 0 0 4 0 5 1 2 3 4 5 0 4 0 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 -------------------------------- Process exited after 1.007 seconds with return value 0 请按任意键继续. . .
删除2个元素的自定义函数可用以下这种循环实现:
template<typename Type> void v_erase(vector<Type> &v, size_t pos, size_t len=2) { //删除容器中指定pos位置(含)开始的len个元素 即v[pos]~v[pos+len-1] for (auto it=v.begin()+pos;it!=v.end()&&len;it++){ v.erase(it--); len--; } }
其实就是一个语句都能搞定的事: v.erase(v.begin()+pos,vbegin()+pos+len);
容器元素的排序
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; string randstr(string &s) { //随机产生1-n个字母的字符串 const int n=5; srand(time(0)+rand()); //time+rand重点 for(int i=0;i<rand()%(n+1)+1;i++) s.push_back('a'+rand()%26); return s; } int main(void) { //整型排序 vector <int> v(10); srand(time(0)+rand()); cout<<"随机产生10个小于100的整数:"<<endl; for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), [](int &i)->void{i=rand()%100;}); for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), [](int i)->void{cout<<i<<" ";}); cout<<endl<<endl; cout<<"升序排序后:"<<endl; sort(v.begin(),v.end()); for (auto i:v) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl; cout<<"降序排序后:"<<endl; sort(v.begin(),v.end(),[](int x,int y)->bool{return x>y;}); for (auto i:v) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl<<endl; string t(32,'-'); cout<<t<<endl<<endl; //字符串排序 vector <string> s(8); cout<<"随机产生8个长度1~5的字符串:"<<endl; for_each(s.begin(), s.end(),randstr); for (auto i:s) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl<<endl; cout<<"升序排序后:"<<endl; sort(s.begin(),s.end()); for (auto i:s) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl; cout<<"降序排序后:"<<endl; sort(s.begin(),s.end(),[](string x,string y)->bool{return x>y;}); for (auto i:s) cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl; }
运行结果:
随机产生10个小于100的整数: 92 37 72 84 37 83 55 12 47 92 升序排序后: 12 37 37 47 55 72 83 84 92 92 降序排序后: 92 92 84 83 72 55 47 37 37 12 -------------------------------- 随机产生8个长度1~5的字符串: naha pgb uh wtd otmit bznv qtla pba 升序排序后: bznv naha otmit pba pgb qtla uh wtd 降序排序后: wtd uh qtla pgb pba otmit naha bznv -------------------------------- Process exited after 0.3823 seconds with return value 0 请按任意键继续. . .