Cookie持久化方案——PersistentCookieStore源码解读。
客户端登陆之后一般都会在本地持有某个cookie,在退出登录时将这个cookie清理掉。如果Request的body体中持有这个cookie,服务器就会认为客户端的用户处于登录状态。反之,就会认为用户没有登录。
假设用户一直处于登录状态,如果他关闭了应用,那么他的登录状态应该保存起来。这样的话,在他下次打开应用时,他的状态还是登录状态,不需要再次登录。
如何实现呢?很简单,将有效的cookie保存起来,需要的时候拿出来,塞进请求里面就ok了。
这里已经有前人造好的轮子了——PersistentCookieStore,它是已经过时的async-http-client里面的一个类。虽然已经过时,不过它里面封装的PersistentCookieStore这个类可以自动实现cookie的本地化存储和管理。它可以将请求的response里面的set-cookie里面的数据保存到本地的preferences里面,在请求的时候会将有效的cookie携带上。
这里我们就不研究response的set-cookie是如何调用到PersistentCookieStore这个类了,我们研究下它是如何存储已经获取到的cookie的。
接下来看看这个类里面到底说了什么。先上代码,发现PersistentCookieStore类实现了CookieStore接口。
public class PersistentCookieStore implements CookieStore {
......
}
CookieStore接口:
package org.apache.http.client;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
/** @deprecated */
@Deprecated
public interface CookieStore {
void addCookie(Cookie var1);
List<Cookie> getCookies();
boolean clearExpired(Date var1);
void clear();
}
这个接口是apache包下的,不过它已经被废弃了。先不管废弃不废弃,回归正题。这个接口内部有四个方法,分别是添加单个的Cookie,回去所有的Cookie列表,根据某个Date格式的时间清楚相应的Cookie,清空操作。PersistentCookieStore作为它的实现类,必须实现这几个方法,接下来看看是如何实现的。
PersistentCookieStore:
先来看一眼它的结构:
1、那么我们就从成员变量看起:
public class PersistentCookieStore implements CookieStore {
private static final String LOG_TAG = "PersistentCookieStore";
private static final String COOKIE_PREFS = "CookiePrefsFile";
private static final String COOKIE_NAME_STORE = "names";
private static final String COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX = "cookie_";
private boolean omitNonPersistentCookies = false;
private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Cookie> cookies;
private final SharedPreferences cookiePrefs;
......
}
解释一下这些参数:
LOG_TAG是这个类的tag标记;
COOKIE_PREFS是用来存储cookie的preferences的文件名;
COOKIE_NAME_STORE是preferences中存储cookie的name的key;
COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX是存储cookie时给name添加的前缀;
omitNonPersistentCookies这个参数是为了避免我们将非持久的cookie存储起来,默认为false,这个参数还提供了set方法;
cookies是一个ConcurrentHashMap对象,是Cookie的容器;
cookiePrefs是存储cookie的preferences对象。
2、一般我们PersistentCookieStore是这么使用的,两行代码搞定。
PersistentCookieStore pcs = new PersistentCookieStore(this);
HttpClientUtils.setCookieStore(pcs);
接下来看构造方法:
public PersistentCookieStore(Context context) {
this.cookiePrefs = context.getSharedPreferences("CookiePrefsFile", 0);
this.cookies = new ConcurrentHashMap();
String storedCookieNames = this.cookiePrefs.getString("names", (String)null);
if(storedCookieNames != null) {
String[] cookieNames = TextUtils.split(storedCookieNames, ",");
String[] var4 = cookieNames;
int var5 = cookieNames.length;
for(int var6 = 0; var6 < var5; ++var6) {
String name = var4[var6];
String encodedCookie = this.cookiePrefs.getString("cookie_" + name, (String)null);
if(encodedCookie != null) {
Cookie decodedCookie = this.decodeCookie(encodedCookie);
if(decodedCookie != null) {
this.cookies.put(name, decodedCookie);
}
}
}
this.clearExpired(new Date());
}
}
①初始化一个preferences对象,文件名为CookiePrefsFile,mode为0,也就是PRIVETE_MODE.
②初始化cookies为一个空的ConcurrentHashMap.
③从preferences对象中获取key为“name”对应的字符串。
④如果获取到的name对应的字符串不为空,就使用TextUtils.split(storedCookieNames, ",")工具类将其拆分为String数组,然后遍历这个数组。
⑤在遍历String数组的过程中,会给每个String加前缀"cookie_",然后以拼接后的字符串为Key,在preferences对象中获取相应的String类型的值。
⑥接下来对获取到的String进行解码,使用类里面定义的decodeCookie方法,这样就获取到了响应的Cookie对象了。
⑦然后将这个获取到的Cookie对象添加进cookies这个ConcurrentHashMap中。
⑧在循环完毕以后,调用 clearExpired(Date var1)方法,清理过期的cookie.
稍微总结下,在我们实例化PersistentCookieStore的过程中,我们将之前存储的Cookie对象全部存preferences中读取了出来,然后将他们添加进cookies这个ConcurrentHashMap中,最后调用clearExpired(Date var1)方法,清理过期的cookie。
3、接下来我们重点PersistentCookieStore接口里面方法的具体实现:
①void addCookie(Cookie var1);
public void addCookie(Cookie cookie) {
if(!this.omitNonPersistentCookies || cookie.isPersistent()) {
String name = cookie.getName() + cookie.getDomain();
if(!cookie.isExpired(new Date())) {
this.cookies.put(name, cookie);
} else {
this.cookies.remove(name);
}
Editor prefsWriter = this.cookiePrefs.edit();
prefsWriter.putString("names", TextUtils.join(",", this.cookies.keySet()));
prefsWriter.putString("cookie_" + name, this.encodeCookie(new SerializableCookie(cookie)));
prefsWriter.commit();
}
}
如果omitNonPersistentCookies的值为false(它默认为false),并且cookie.isPersistent()为true,我们就可以对它进行存储操作了。先将cookie的name和domain进行拼接,然后对cookie.isExpire(new Date())的值进行判断,如果为false(未过期),就存储进cookies这个map里面,存储的规则是以刚才拼接的name+domain为key,cookie对象为value;如果为true(已过期),就从cookies里面remove掉。然后将cookies这个map里面所有的数据存储进preferences,具体规则是将map中所有的key用","进行拼接,然后以"names"为key,以拼接好的String为value,存进preferences;接着通过encodeCookie方法将这个cookie对象编码为String类型,然后以"cookie_" + name为key存储进preferences。
总的来说,addCookie(Cookie)方法的作用就是将合法有效的cookie,同时添加进map和preferences里面。
②List getCookies()方法:
public List<Cookie> getCookies() {
return new ArrayList(this.cookies.values());
}
这个方法很直白,直接返回map中所有的cookie对象。
③ boolean clearExpired(Date var1);
public boolean clearExpired(Date date) {
boolean clearedAny = false;
Editor prefsWriter = this.cookiePrefs.edit();
Iterator var4 = this.cookies.entrySet().iterator();
while(var4.hasNext()) {
Entry entry = (Entry)var4.next();
String name = (String)entry.getKey();
Cookie cookie = (Cookie)entry.getValue();
if(cookie.isExpired(date)) {
this.cookies.remove(name);
prefsWriter.remove("cookie_" + name);
clearedAny = true;
}
}
if(clearedAny) {
prefsWriter.putString("names", TextUtils.join(",", this.cookies.keySet()));
}
prefsWriter.commit();
return clearedAny;
}
这个方法的中,遍历cookies这个map中所有的cookie,然后根据传入的Date参数清除掉map中所有的已过期的cookie,并同步更新preferences里面的数据。
④void clear();这个方法也很直白,顾名思义,就是清楚掉所有的cookie.
public void clear() {
Editor prefsWriter = this.cookiePrefs.edit();
Iterator var2 = this.cookies.keySet().iterator();
while(var2.hasNext()) {
String name = (String)var2.next();
prefsWriter.remove("cookie_" + name);
}
prefsWriter.remove("names");
prefsWriter.commit();
this.cookies.clear();
}
将map和cookies里面所有的数据全部清空。
4、接下来看看剩余的方法:
deleteCookie(Cookie cookie) --> 删除某个cookie.
encodeCookie(SerializableCookie cookie)、decodeCookie(String cookieString)、byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes)、hexStringToByteArray(String hexString),他们都是对成双成对的,是对cookie进行编码和解码的操作。
①deleteCookie(Cookie cookie) --> 删除某个cookie.
public void deleteCookie(Cookie cookie) {
String name = cookie.getName() + cookie.getDomain();
this.cookies.remove(name);
Editor prefsWriter = this.cookiePrefs.edit();
prefsWriter.remove("cookie_" + name);
prefsWriter.commit();
}
②encodeCookie(SerializableCookie cookie)和byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes):将cookie对象转换成为十六进制的字节码
protected String encodeCookie(SerializableCookie cookie) {
if(cookie == null) {
return null;
} else {
ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
ObjectOutputStream e = new ObjectOutputStream(os);
e.writeObject(cookie);
} catch (IOException var4) {
Log.d("PersistentCookieStore", "IOException in encodeCookie", var4);
return null;
}
return this.byteArrayToHexString(os.toByteArray());
}
}
protected String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 2);
byte[] var3 = bytes;
int var4 = bytes.length;
for(int var5 = 0; var5 < var4; ++var5) {
byte element = var3[var5];
int v = element & 255;
if(v < 16) {
sb.append('0');
}
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(v));
}
return sb.toString().toUpperCase(Locale.US);
}
③decodeCookie(String cookieString)和hexStringToByteArray(String hexString):将十六进制的字节码转换为cookie对象。
protected Cookie decodeCookie(String cookieString) {
byte[] bytes = this.hexStringToByteArray(cookieString);
ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
Cookie cookie = null;
try {
ObjectInputStream e = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
cookie = ((SerializableCookie)e.readObject()).getCookie();
} catch (IOException var6) {
Log.d("PersistentCookieStore", "IOException in decodeCookie", var6);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var7) {
Log.d("PersistentCookieStore", "ClassNotFoundException in decodeCookie", var7);
}
return cookie;
}
protected byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String hexString) {
int len = hexString.length();
byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
for(int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
data[i / 2] = (byte)((Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i), 16) << 4) + Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i + 1), 16));
}
return data;
}
到现在为止,PersistentCookieStore里面所有的方法都介绍完了,这里再总结下。
①在初始化的时候,我们就可以将所有已经存储的cookie读取到内存中。
②我们可以通过addCookie(Cookie)方法将某个Cookie添加进cookies和preferences中。同理,我们可以调用deleteCookie(Cookie)方法删除某个Cookie.另外还有clear方法让我们情况所有cookie.
③cookie如何存储到preferences和如何读取到map中,他的编解码方式和存储规则很值得我们借鉴。
最后,附上PersistentCookieStore的源码:
package com.loopj.android.http;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import com.loopj.android.http.SerializableCookie;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
public class PersistentCookieStore implements CookieStore {
private static final String LOG_TAG = "PersistentCookieStore";
private static final String COOKIE_PREFS = "CookiePrefsFile";
private static final String COOKIE_NAME_STORE = "names";
private static final String COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX = "cookie_";
private boolean omitNonPersistentCookies = false;
private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Cookie> cookies;
private final SharedPreferences cookiePrefs;
public PersistentCookieStore(Context context) {
this.cookiePrefs = context.getSharedPreferences("CookiePrefsFile", 0);
this.cookies = new ConcurrentHashMap();
String storedCookieNames = this.cookiePrefs.getString("names", (String)null);
if(storedCookieNames != null) {
String[] cookieNames = TextUtils.split(storedCookieNames, ",");
String[] var4 = cookieNames;
int var5 = cookieNames.length;
for(int var6 = 0; var6 < var5; ++var6) {
String name = var4[var6];
String encodedCookie = this.cookiePrefs.getString("cookie_" + name, (String)null);
if(encodedCookie != null) {
Cookie decodedCookie = this.decodeCookie(encodedCookie);
if(decodedCookie != null) {
this.cookies.put(name, decodedCookie);
}
}
}
this.clearExpired(new Date());
}
}
public void addCookie(Cookie cookie) {
if(!this.omitNonPersistentCookies || cookie.isPersistent()) {
String name = cookie.getName() + cookie.getDomain();
if(!cookie.isExpired(new Date())) {
this.cookies.put(name, cookie);
} else {
this.cookies.remove(name);
}
Editor prefsWriter = this.cookiePrefs.edit();
prefsWriter.putString("names", TextUtils.join(",", this.cookies.keySet()));
prefsWriter.putString("cookie_" + name, this.encodeCookie(new SerializableCookie(cookie)));
prefsWriter.commit();
}
}
public void clear() {
Editor prefsWriter = this.cookiePrefs.edit();
Iterator var2 = this.cookies.keySet().iterator();
while(var2.hasNext()) {
String name = (String)var2.next();
prefsWriter.remove("cookie_" + name);
}
prefsWriter.remove("names");
prefsWriter.commit();
this.cookies.clear();
}
public boolean clearExpired(Date date) {
boolean clearedAny = false;
Editor prefsWriter = this.cookiePrefs.edit();
Iterator var4 = this.cookies.entrySet().iterator();
while(var4.hasNext()) {
Entry entry = (Entry)var4.next();
String name = (String)entry.getKey();
Cookie cookie = (Cookie)entry.getValue();
if(cookie.isExpired(date)) {
this.cookies.remove(name);
prefsWriter.remove("cookie_" + name);
clearedAny = true;
}
}
if(clearedAny) {
prefsWriter.putString("names", TextUtils.join(",", this.cookies.keySet()));
}
prefsWriter.commit();
return clearedAny;
}
public List<Cookie> getCookies() {
return new ArrayList(this.cookies.values());
}
public void setOmitNonPersistentCookies(boolean omitNonPersistentCookies) {
this.omitNonPersistentCookies = omitNonPersistentCookies;
}
public void deleteCookie(Cookie cookie) {
String name = cookie.getName() + cookie.getDomain();
this.cookies.remove(name);
Editor prefsWriter = this.cookiePrefs.edit();
prefsWriter.remove("cookie_" + name);
prefsWriter.commit();
}
protected String encodeCookie(SerializableCookie cookie) {
if(cookie == null) {
return null;
} else {
ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
ObjectOutputStream e = new ObjectOutputStream(os);
e.writeObject(cookie);
} catch (IOException var4) {
Log.d("PersistentCookieStore", "IOException in encodeCookie", var4);
return null;
}
return this.byteArrayToHexString(os.toByteArray());
}
}
protected Cookie decodeCookie(String cookieString) {
byte[] bytes = this.hexStringToByteArray(cookieString);
ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
Cookie cookie = null;
try {
ObjectInputStream e = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
cookie = ((SerializableCookie)e.readObject()).getCookie();
} catch (IOException var6) {
Log.d("PersistentCookieStore", "IOException in decodeCookie", var6);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var7) {
Log.d("PersistentCookieStore", "ClassNotFoundException in decodeCookie", var7);
}
return cookie;
}
protected String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 2);
byte[] var3 = bytes;
int var4 = bytes.length;
for(int var5 = 0; var5 < var4; ++var5) {
byte element = var3[var5];
int v = element & 255;
if(v < 16) {
sb.append('0');
}
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(v));
}
return sb.toString().toUpperCase(Locale.US);
}
protected byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String hexString) {
int len = hexString.length();
byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
for(int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
data[i / 2] = (byte)((Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i), 16) << 4) + Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i + 1), 16));
}
return data;
}
}