教你如何用python画出4种风格不一的树
01 小园新种红樱树，闲绕花行便当游
# coding=gbk import turtle as T import random import time # 画樱花的躯干(60,t) def Tree(branch, t): time.sleep(0.0005) if branch > 3: if 8 <= branch <= 12: if random.randint(0, 2) == 0: t.color('snow') # 白 else: t.color('lightcoral') # 淡珊瑚色 t.pensize(branch / 3) elif branch < 8: if random.randint(0, 1) == 0: t.color('snow') else: t.color('lightcoral') # 淡珊瑚色 t.pensize(branch / 2) else: t.color('sienna') # 赭(zhě)色 t.pensize(branch / 10) # 6 t.forward(branch) a = 1.5 * random.random() t.right(20 * a) b = 1.5 * random.random() Tree(branch - 10 * b, t) t.left(40 * a) Tree(branch - 10 * b, t) t.right(20 * a) t.up() t.backward(branch) t.down() # 掉落的花瓣 def Petal(m, t): for i in range(m): a = 200 - 400 * random.random() b = 10 - 20 * random.random() t.up() t.forward(b) t.left(90) t.forward(a) t.down() t.color('lightcoral') # 淡珊瑚色 t.circle(1) t.up() t.backward(a) t.right(90) t.backward(b) # 绘图区域 t = T.Turtle() # 画布大小 w = T.Screen() # 隐藏画笔 t.hideturtle() t.getscreen().tracer(5, 0) # wheat小麦 w.screensize(bg='white') t.left(90) t.up() t.backward(150) t.down() t.color('sienna') # 画樱花的躯干 Tree(60, t) # 掉落的花瓣 Petal(200, t) w.exitonclick()
02 江南有丹橘，经冬犹绿林
# coding=gbk from turtle import * from random import * from math import * class Tree: def __init__(self): setup(1000, 500) bgcolor(1, 1, 1) # 背景色 # ht() # 隐藏turtle speed(10) # 速度 1-10渐进，0 最快 # tracer(1, 100) # 设置绘图屏幕刷新频率，参数1设置在正常刷新频次的第参数1次刷新，参数2设置每次刷新的时延 tracer(0, 0) pu() # 抬笔 backward(100) # 保证笔触箭头方向始终不向下，此处使其左转90度，而不是右转 left(90) # 左转90度 backward(300) # 后退300 def tree(self, n, l): pd() # 下笔 # 阴影效果 t = cos(radians(heading() + 45)) / 8 + 0.25 pencolor(t, t, t) pensize(n / 1.2) forward(l) # 画树枝 if n > 0: b = random() * 15 + 10 # 右分支偏转角度 c = random() * 15 + 10 # 左分支偏转角度 d = l * (random() * 0.25 + 0.7) # 下一个分支的长度 # 右转一定角度,画右分支 right(b) self.tree(n - 1, d) # 左转一定角度，画左分支 left(b + c) self.tree(n - 1, d) # 转回来 right(c) else: # 画叶子 right(90) n = cos(radians(heading() - 45)) / 4 + 0.5 pencolor(n, n * 0.8, n * 0.8) fillcolor(n, n * 0.8, n * 0.8) begin_fill() circle(3) left(90) end_fill() # 添加0.3倍的飘落叶子 if random() > 0.7: pu() # 飘落 t = heading() an = -40 + random() * 40 setheading(an) dis = int(800 * random() * 0.5 + 400 * random() * 0.3 + 200 * random() * 0.2) forward(dis) setheading(t) # 画叶子 pd() right(90) n = cos(radians(heading() - 45)) / 4 + 0.5 pencolor(n * 0.5 + 0.5, 0.4 + n * 0.4, 0.4 + n * 0.4) fillcolor(n, n * 0.8, n * 0.8) begin_fill() circle(2) left(90) end_fill() pu() # 返回 t = heading() setheading(an) backward(dis) setheading(t) # pass pu() backward(l) # 退回 def main(): tree = Tree() tree.tree(12, 100) # 递归7层 done() if __name__ == '__main__': main()
03 落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花
# coding=gbk from turtle import * from random import * # 画树方法 def drawTree(n, l): pendown() pencolor('#5d3c3c') pensize( n / 1.5) forward(l) if n > 0: dr = randint(30, 40) dl = randint(30, 40) move = l * (random() * 0.4 + 0.5) right(dr) drawTree(n - 1, move) left(dr + dl) drawTree(n - 1, move) right(dl) else: drawPetal(3) penup() backward(l) # 花瓣位置生成 def petalPlace(m, x, y): penup() goto(x, y) pendown() setheading(0) tracer(False) for i in range(m): if i == 0: drawPetal(5) else: penup() goto(x, y) a = randint(20, 400) b = randint(-50, 50) forward(a) left(90) forward(b) right(90) pendown() drawPetal(5) # 花朵绘画方法 def drawPetal(n): colormode(255) r = randint(200, 255) g = randint(8, 158) b = randint(8, 158) begin_fill() fillcolor(r, g, b) pencolor(r, g, b) circle(n) end_fill() # 启动方法 def run(): setup(1.0, 1.0) penup() goto(-50, -150) left(90) pendown() hideturtle() tracer(False) drawTree(13, 150) petalPlace(160, -100, -150) run() done()
04 川原秋色静，芦苇晚风鸣
import turtle import random stack = [] def createWord(max_it, word, proc_rules, x, y, turn): turtle.up() turtle.home() turtle.goto(x, y) turtle.right(turn) turtle.down() t = 0 while t < max_it: word = rewrite(word, proc_rules) drawit(word, 5, 20) t = t+1 def rewrite(word, proc_rules): wordList = list(word) for i in range(len(wordList)): curChar = wordList[i] if curChar in proc_rules: wordList[i] = proc_rules[curChar] return "".join(wordList) def drawit(newWord, d, angle): newWordLs = list(newWord) for i in range(len(newWordLs)): cur_Char = newWordLs[i] if cur_Char == 'F': turtle.forward(d) elif cur_Char == '+': turtle.right(angle) elif cur_Char == '-': turtle.left(angle) elif cur_Char == '[': state_push() elif cur_Char == ']': state_pop() def state_push(): global stack stack.append((turtle.position(), turtle.heading())) def state_pop(): global stack position, heading = stack.pop() turtle.up() turtle.goto(position) turtle.setheading(heading) turtle.down() def randomStart(): x = random.randint(-300, 300) y = random.randint(-320, -280) heading = random.randint(-100, -80) return ((x, y), heading) def main(): rule_sets = [] rule_sets.append(((3, 5), 'F', {'F':'F[+F][-F]F'})) rule_sets.append(((4, 6), 'B', {'B':'F[-B][+ B]', 'F':'FF'})) rule_sets.append(((2, 4), 'F', {'F':'FF+[+F-F-F]-[-F+F+F]'})) tree_count = 50 turtle.tracer(10, 0) for x in range(tree_count): rand_i = random.randint(0, len(rule_sets) - 1) selected_ruleset = rule_sets[rand_i] i_range, word, rule = selected_ruleset low, high = i_range i = random.randint(low, high) start_position, start_heading = randomStart() start_x, start_y = start_position createWord(i, word, rule, start_x, start_y, start_heading) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
