1. 函数介绍
1.1 strlen
size_t strlen ( const char * str );
字符串已经 '\0' 作为结束标志,strlen函数返回的是在字符串中 '\0' 前面出现的字符个数(不包 含 '\0' )。
参数指向的字符串必须要以 '\0' 结束。
注意函数的返回值为size_t,是无符号的( 易错 )
学会strlen函数的模拟实现
注:
#include <stdio.h> int main() { const char*str1 = "abcdef"; const char*str2 = "bbb"; if(strlen(str2)-strlen(str1)>0) { printf("str2>str1\n"); } else { printf("srt1>str2\n"); } return 0; }
1.2 strcpy
char* strcpy(char * destination, const char * source );
Copies the C string pointed by source into the array pointed by destination, including the terminating null character (and stopping at that point).
源字符串必须以 '\0' 结束。
会将源字符串中的 '\0' 拷贝到目标空间。
目标空间必须足够大,以确保能存放源字符串。
目标空间必须可变。 学会模拟实现。
1.3 strcat
char * strcat ( char * destination, const char * source );
Appends a copy of the source string to the destination string. The terminating null character in destination is overwritten by the first character of source, and a null-character is included at the end of the new string formed by the concatenation of both in destination.
源字符串必须以 '\0' 结束。
目标空间必须有足够的大,能容纳下源字符串的内容。
目标空间必须可修改。 字符串自己给自己追加,如何?
1.4 strcmp
int strcmp ( const char * str1, const char * str2 );
This function starts comparing the first character of each string. If they are equal to each other, it continues with the following pairs until the characters differ or until a terminating null-character is reached.
标准规定:
第一个字符串大于第二个字符串,则返回大于0的数字
第一个字符串等于第二个字符串,则返回0 第一个字符串小于第二个字符串,则返回小于0的数字
那么如何判断两个字符串?
1.5 strncpy
char * strncpy ( char * destination, const char * source, size_t num );
Copies the first num characters of source to destination. If the end of the source C string (which is signaled by a null-character) is found before num characters have been copied, destination is padded with zeros until a total of num characters have been written to it.
拷贝num个字符从源字符串到目标空间。
如果源字符串的长度小于num,则拷贝完源字符串之后,在目标的后边追加0,直到num个
1.6 strncat
char * strncat ( char * destination, const char * source, size_t num );
Appends the first num characters of source to destination, plus a terminating null-character.
If the length of the C string in source is less than num, only the content up to the terminating null-character is copied.
/* strncat example */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main () { char str1[20]; char str2[20]; strcpy (str1,"To be "); strcpy (str2,"or not to be"); strncat (str1, str2, 6); puts (str1); return 0; }
1.7 strncmp
int strncmp ( const char * str1, const char * str2, size_t num );
比较到出现另个字符不一样或者一个字符串结束或者num个字符全部比较完
/* strncmp example */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main () { char str[][5] = { "R2D2" , "C3PO" , "R2A6" }; int n; puts ("Looking for R2 astromech droids..."); for (n=0 ; n<3 ; n++) if (strncmp (str[n],"R2xx",2) == 0) { printf ("found %s\n",str[n]); } return 0; }
1.8 strstr
char * strstr ( const char *str1, const char * str2);
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of str2 in str1, or a null pointer if str2 is not part of str1.
/* strstr example */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main () { char str[] ="This is a simple string"; char * pch; pch = strstr (str,"simple"); strncpy (pch,"sample",6); puts (str); return 0; }
1.9 strtok
sep参数是个字符串,定义了用作分隔符的字符集合
第一个参数指定一个字符串,它包含了0个或者多个由sep字符串中一个或者多个分隔符分割的标 记
strtok函数找到str中的下一个标记,并将其用 \0 结尾,返回一个指向这个标记的指针。(注: strtok函数会改变被操作的字符串,所以在使用strtok函数切分的字符串一般都是临时拷贝的内容 并且可修改。)
strtok函数的第一个参数不为 NULL ,函数将找到str中第一个标记,strtok函数将保存它在字符串 中的位置。
strtok函数的第一个参数为 NULL ,函数将在同一个字符串中被保存的位置开始,查找下一个标 记。 如果字符串中不存在更多的标记,则返回 NULL 指针。
/* strtok example */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main () { char str[] ="- This, a sample string."; char * pch; printf ("Splitting string \"%s\" into tokens:\n",str); pch = strtok (str," ,.-"); while (pch != NULL) { printf ("%s\n",pch); pch = strtok (NULL, " ,.-"); } return 0; }
#include <stdio.h> int main() { char *p = "zhangpengwei@bitedu.tech"; const char* sep = ".@"; char arr[30]; char *str = NULL; strcpy(arr, p);//将数据拷贝一份,处理arr数组的内容 for(str=strtok(arr, sep); str != NULL; str=strtok(NULL, sep)) { printf("%s\n", str); } }