无法理解表达式“ hasRole（USER）”

我想使用Spring Security 5.3

像这样在xml上配置

<http auto-config="true">
    <intercept-url pattern="/list" access="hasRole(USER)"/>
    <intercept-url pattern="/security" access="isAnonymous()"/>
    <http-basic />
    <form-login login-page="/security"
                  login-processing-url="/security"
                  default-target-url="/list"
                  authentication-failure-url="/security?error"
                  username-parameter="username"
                  password-parameter="password"/>

    <logout logout-success-url="/security?logout"/>
    <csrf disabled="true"/>
</http>

<authentication-manager>
    <authentication-provider>
        <user-service>
            <user name="user" password="$2a$10$BHjEcnhAgqRH0Vj6aPmGTOtQfYdx3PsvTWjsVxVBouiLTzGSLTSz2" authorities="USER"/>
        </user-service>
        <password-encoder ref="encoder" />
    </authentication-provider>
</authentication-manager>

<beans:bean id="encoder" class="org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder"/>

登录时出现此错误：

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException：无法评估表达式“ hasRole（USER）” org.springframework.security.access.expression.ExpressionUtils.evaluateAsBoolean（ExpressionUtils.java:30）org.springframework.security.web.access.expression.WebExpressionVoter。投票（WebExpressionVoter.java:52）org.springframework.security.web.access.expression.WebExpressionVoter.vote（WebExpressionVoter.java:33）org.springframework.security.access.vote.AffirmativeBased.decide（AffirmativeBased.java:63） org.springframework.security.access.intercept.AbstractSecurityInterceptor.beforeInvocation（AbstractSecurityInterceptor.java:233）org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.invoke（FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:123）org.springframework.security.web。 access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor。doFilter（FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:90）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain.doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java:334）org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter（ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:118）组织。 springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain.doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java:334）org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter.doFilter（SessionManagementFilter.java:137）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain。 doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java:334）org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.doFilter（AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.java:111）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain.doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java:334）组织。springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.doFilter（SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.java:158）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain.doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java:334）org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter。 doFilter（RequestCacheAwareFilter.java:63）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain.doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java:334）org.springframework.security.web.authentication.www.BasicAuthenticationFilter.doFilterInternal（BasicAuthenticationFilter.java:155） org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter（OncePerRequestFilter.java:119）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain.doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java:334）org.springframework.security.web。authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.doFilter（AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:200）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain.doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java:334）org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter（LogoutFilter。 java：116）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain.doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java:334）org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doHeadersAfter（HeaderWriterFilter.java:92）org.springframework.security。 web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doFilterInternal（HeaderWriterFilter.java:77）org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter（OncePerRequestFilter.java:119）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain.doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java：334）org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.doFilterInternal（WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.java:56）org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter（OncePerRequestFilter.java:119）org.springframework.security。 web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain.doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java:334）org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter（SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:105）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy $ VirtualFilterChain.doFilter（FilterChainProxy。 java：334）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilterInternal（FilterChainProxy.java:215）org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilter（FilterChainProxy.java:178）org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy。invokeDelegate（DelegatingFilterProxy.java:358）org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter（DelegatingFilterProxy.java:271）

根本原因

org.springframework.expression.spel.SpelEvaluationException：EL1008E：在“ org.springframework.security.web.access.expression.WebSecurityExpressionRoot”类型的对象上找不到属性或字段“ USER”-可能不是公共的或无效的？org.springframework.expression.spel.ast.PropertyOrFieldReference.readProperty（PropertyOrFieldReference.java:217）org.springframework.expression.spel.ast.PropertyOrFieldReference.getValueInternal（PropertyOrFieldReference.java:104）org.springframework.expression.spel.ast。 PropertyOrFieldReference.getValueInternal（PropertyOrFieldReference.java:91）org.springframework.expression.spel.ast.MethodReference.getArguments（MethodReference.java:164）org.springframework.expression.spel.ast.MethodReference.getValueInternal（MethodReference.java:94） org.springframework.expression.spel。

我的代码有什么错误？

问题来源：Stack Overflow