服务器小白求教一台 Ubuntu 网站服务器完整的部署流程是怎样的？

root@zhangtong:~# sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 php5-gd php5-mysqlnd mysql-server
sudo: unable to resolve host zhangtong
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package php5 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

Package php5-gd is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'php5' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'php5-gd' has no installation candidate
E: Unable to locate package php5-mysqlnd

你们阿里自己的程序安装这些包有问题啊，资源貌似是失效了

Ubuntu通过apt安装LAMP环境

#安装下面这几个包后就可以跑Discuz!这些常用PHP程序了
sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 php5-gd php5-mysqlnd mysql-server
sudo service apache2 {status|start|stop|restart|reload}
sudo service mysql {status|start|stop|restart|reload}

Apache网站根目录 /var/www
Apache主目录 /etc/apache2
Apache主配置文件 /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
Apache日志 /var/log/apache2

PHP主目录 /etc/php5
PHP配置文件 /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
PHP模块位置 /usr/lib/php5

MySQL配置文件 /etc/mysql/my.cnf
MySQL数据库文件 /var/lib/mysql
运行 mysql_secure_installation 设置mysql根用户密码
防火墙只开放ssh(22端口),http(80端口):

Ubuntu使用ufw可以这样做:
sudo ufw enable && \
sudo ufw default deny && \
sudo ufw allow 22/tcp && \
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp && \
sudo ufw status
可以这样删除,比如80端口:
sudo ufw delete allow 80/tcp

Ubuntu使用iptables可以这样做:
sudo ufw disable && sudo ufw default allow 设置INPUT/FORWARD/OUTPUT为ACCEPT,如果为DENY,下一步骤将使系统的所有网络访问中断,包括ssh.
sudo iptables -F && sudo iptables -X && sudo iptables -Z && sudo iptables -L
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -i eth0 --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -i eth0 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP
iptables-save > /etc/iptables.up.rules 切换到root用户执行,sudo会提示无权限.Redhat的保存操作为service iptables save.
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces 在末尾添加一行,在网络启动时应用防火墙规则: 
pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules
查看设置的规则:
sudo iptables -nvL --line-numbers
插入一条规则到INPUT链第6的位置:
sudo iptables -I INPUT 6 -j DROP
修改INPUT链的第6条规则:
sudo iptables -R INPUT 6 -j ACCEPT
删除INPUT链第6条规则:
sudo iptables -D INPUT 6
ssh使用密钥验证登录:

#生成密钥对(私钥id_rsa和公钥id_rsa.pub)
ssh-keygen
cd ~/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
#使用密钥登录后禁止密码认证
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PasswordAuthentication no
#重启服务生效
sudo service ssh restart
如果你要使用最新的PHP7,最好还是学习一下自行编译,比如:
Ubuntu上Nginx/Apache/PHP编译打包教程