1、./run.py.shell直接调用python脚本
2、python run.py 调用python 解释器来调用python脚本
1、python脚本中经常第一句出现#!/usr/bin/env python或#!/usr/bin/python。这句话的意义下面解释:
脚本语言的第一行,目的就是指出,你想要你的这个文件中的代码用什么可执行程序去运行它,就这么简单
如果你用 python xxoo.py 来运行,那么写不写都没关系,如果要用 ./xxoo.py 那么就必须加这行, 用来为脚本语言指定解释器.
通常认为用 #!/usr/bin/env python 要比 #!/usr/bin/python 更好,因为 python 解释器有时并不安装在默认路径,例如在 virtualenv 中。
当你把py文件直接赋予执行权限去执行 ./yourfile.py 的时候,给文件指定一个解释器。
而 #!/usr/bin/python 是一般默认的python解释器的路径,所以这种的就是装在默认位置的不会出问题。
但是 #!/usr/bin/envpython 则更加通用一些会去你的PATH 中寻找python 。
python脚本的两种调用方式说明:
1、./run.py.shell直接调用python脚本
2、python run.py 调用python 解释器来调用python脚本
先分别解释:
1、./run.py调用脚本的方式。shell把run.py当成一般的脚本看待,不把它当成python脚本。按这种方式调用脚本,python 脚本的第一行必须有:
先举例子说明,在说明原因:
未加#!/usr/bin/env python3的情况:
a.py:
print ('a')
说明:要使用./a.py,必须使用chmod将a.py的属性改成可执行的。
chmod 755 a.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12 Nov 27 09:43 a.py
如果a.py是不可执行的,那么./a.py就会报如下错误。
-bash: ./a.py: Permissiondenied
在将a.py改为可执行后,如果使用./a.py,还是会报错。
./a.py: line 1: syntaxerror near unexpected token `'a''
./a.py: line 1: `print('a')'
但是,因为我系统中装了python2和python3.
所以,使用#!/usr/bin/env python3提示shell使用python3来调用脚本.
a.py内容如下:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
print ('a')
执行结果为:a
python3 print函数必须要加上().
所以,如果上述的print('a')变为print 'a',显然是会报错的。
root@iZ28yi4s6zwZ:/mnt/DisplayAdvertisingChallenge/Gbdt_Fm_Kaggle#./a.py
File "./a.py", line 2
print 'a'
^
SyntaxError: invalidsyntax
以上就说明了,使用./run.py调用python脚本的方式,取决于你在python脚本中第一句,并且使用./run.py必须在脚本文件中写上#!/usr/bin/env python3(或类似的命令),不然都执行不了。
1、先说明一下,我的系统中是预装了python2,然后我装了python3,并且系统默认的python是python2。我装了python3并没有改变系统默认的python解释器,也不建议把系统默认的python解释器改变了,因为像scikit-learn等库很多还是基于python2.7的,你把系统默认的python改成python3会导致很多库出问题。
2、看一下/usr/bin:就知道在ubuntu中,各种软件的安装情况
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jun 19 2013 python -> python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jun 19 2013 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2985296 Dec 19 2014 python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Nov 26 10:08 python3 ->/opt/python3.3.2/bin/python3.3
说明:
1、python-> python2.7:系统默认的python是python2.7
2、python2-> python2.7:python2执行的是python2.7
3、python3-> /opt/python3.3.2/bin/python3.3:python3执行的是/opt/python3.3.2/bin/python3.3
现在做个试验:说明使用./run.py的方式,随着第一句#!/usr/bin/envpython3的不同,shell会调用不同的python解释器。
1、
[python] view plain copy
import subprocess, sys, os, time
NR_THREAD = 1
start = time.time()
cmd = 'converters/pre-a.py trainsample0.25.csv tr.gbdt.dense tr.gbdt.sparse'
subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
cmd = 'converters/pre-a.py testsample0.25.csv te.gbdt.dense te.gbdt.sparse'
subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
中断程序查看shell调用哪个python解释器:
File"./run_test.py", line 10, in
subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
File "/opt/python3.3.2/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 522, incall
Traceback (most recentcall last):
File "converters/pre-a.py", line36, in
key = field + '-' + row[field]
KeyboardInterrupt
return p.wait(timeout=timeout)
File "/opt/python3.3.2/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 1528,in wait
(pid, sts) = self._try_wait(0)
File "/opt/python3.3.2/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 1485,in _try_wait
(pid, sts) = _eintr_retry_call(os.waitpid,self.pid, wait_flags)
File "/opt/python3.3.2/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 476, in_eintr_retry_call
return func(*args)
KeyboardInterrupt
很明显,使用#!/usr/bin/env python3,那么shell就调用了python3的解释器。
2、
[python] view plain copy
import subprocess, sys, os, time
NR_THREAD = 1
start = time.time()
cmd = 'converters/pre-a.py trainsample0.25.csv tr.gbdt.dense tr.gbdt.sparse'
subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
cmd = 'converters/pre-a.py testsample0.25.csv te.gbdt.dense te.gbdt.sparse'
subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
print ("end pre-a.py")
中断程序查看shell调用哪个python解释器:
Traceback (most recentcall last):
File "./run_test.py", line 10, in
subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py",line 493, in call
return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py",line 1291, in wait
pid, sts = _eintr_retry_call(os.waitpid,self.pid, 0)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py",line 478, in _eintr_retry_call
return func(*args)
KeyboardInterrupt
很明显,使用#!/usr/bin/env python2,那么shell就调用了python2的解释器。
3、
[python] view plain copy
import subprocess, sys, os, time
NR_THREAD = 1
start = time.time()
cmd = 'converters/pre-a.py trainsample0.25.csv tr.gbdt.dense tr.gbdt.sparse'
subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
cmd = 'converters/pre-a.py testsample0.25.csv te.gbdt.dense te.gbdt.sparse'
subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
print ("endpre-a.py")
中断程序查看shell调用哪个python解释器:
File"./run_test.py", line 10, in
subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py",line 493, in call
return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py",line 1291, in wait
pid, sts = _eintr_retry_call(os.waitpid,self.pid, 0)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py",line 478, in _eintr_retry_call
return func(*args)
KeyboardInterrupt
root@iZ28yi4s6zwZ:/mnt/DisplayAdvertisingChallenge/Gbdt_Fm_Kaggle#Traceback (most recent call last):
File "converters/pre-a.py", line19, in
for row incsv.DictReader(open(args['csv_path'])):
File "/opt/python3.3.2/lib/python3.3/csv.py", line 118, in__next__
d = dict(zip(self.fieldnames, row))
KeyboardInterrupt
很明显,使用#!/usr/bin/env python,那么shell就调用了系统默认的python解释器,也就是python2。python -> python2.7。那么,为什么还会出现python3.3.2。那是因为程序中,subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True),开了一个子进程,使用了shell来调用pre-a.py,pre-a.py肯定是使用#!/usr/bin/envpython3
.pre-a.py脚本的内容如下:
[python] view plain copy
import argparse, csv, sys
from common import *
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
sys.argv.append('-h')
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('csv_path', type=str)
parser.add_argument('dense_path', type=str)
parser.add_argument('sparse_path', type=str)
args = vars(parser.parse_args())
2、如果使用python run.py 的方式来调用脚本,那么脚本文件中的第一句#!/usr/bin/envpython3就会被自动略掉,不会起到任何的作用。
python2 run.py代表使用默认的python2解释器来调用脚本。
python3 run.py 代表使用默认的python3解释器来调用脚本。
python run.py 代表使用默认的python解释器来调用脚本。
python run_test.py:
^CTraceback (mostrecent call last):
File "run_test.py", line 10, in
subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py",line 493, in call
return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py",line 1291, in wait
pid, sts = _eintr_retry_call(os.waitpid,self.pid, 0)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py",line 478, in _eintr_retry_call
return func(*args)
KeyboardInterrupt
root@iZ28yi4s6zwZ:/mnt/DisplayAdvertisingChallenge/Gbdt_Fm_Kaggle#Traceback (most recent call last):
File "converters/pre-a.py", line22, in
val = row['I{0}'.format(j)]
KeyboardInterrupt
很明显,python run_test.py,使用默认的python解释器(python2)来调用脚本。
python3 run_test.py:
^CTraceback (mostrecent call last):
File "run_test.py", line 10, in
subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
File "/opt/python3.3.2/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 522, in call
return p.wait(timeout=timeout)
File "/opt/python3.3.2/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 1528, in wait
(pid, sts) = self._try_wait(0)
File "/opt/python3.3.2/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 1485, in _try_wait
(pid, sts) = _eintr_retry_call(os.waitpid,self.pid, wait_flags)
File "/opt/python3.3.2/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 476, in _eintr_retry_call
return func(*args)
KeyboardInterrupt
root@iZ28yi4s6zwZ:/mnt/DisplayAdvertisingChallenge/Gbdt_Fm_Kaggle#Traceback (most recent call last):
File "converters/pre-a.py", line19, in
for row incsv.DictReader(open(args['csv_path'])):
File "/opt/python3.3.2/lib/python3.3/csv.py", line 118, in next
d = dict(zip(self.fieldnames, row))
KeyboardInterrupt
很明显,python3 run_test.py,使用python3解释器来调用脚本。
来源:网络
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