消息队列---RabbitMQ深入研究(含Springboot+RabbitMQ整合)（三）-阿里云开发者社区

3.4.2.代码

案例：

根据用户的通知设置去通知用户，设置接收Email的用户只接收Email，设置接收sms的用户只接收sms，设置两种

通知类型都接收的则两种通知都有效。

1、生产者

声明交换机，指定topic类型：

/**
 * 声明交换机
 * param1：交换机名称
 * param2:交换机类型 四种交换机类型：direct、fanout、topic、headers
 */
 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
//Email通知
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, "inform.email", null, message.getBytes());
//sms通知
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, "inform.sms", null, message.getBytes());
//两种都通知
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, "inform.sms.email", null, message.getBytes());

完整代码：完整代码：

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Producer04_topics {
    //队列名称
    private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL = "queue_inform_email";
    private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_SMS = "queue_inform_sms";
    private static final String EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM="exchange_topics_inform";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            //创建一个与MQ的连接
            ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
            factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
            factory.setPort(5672);
            factory.setUsername("guest");
            factory.setPassword("guest");
            factory.setVirtualHost("/");//rabbitmq默认虚拟机名称为“/”，虚拟机相当于一个独立的mq服务器
            //创建一个连接
            connection = factory.newConnection();
            //创建与交换机的通道，每个通道代表一个会话
            channel = connection.createChannel();
            //声明交换机 String exchange, BuiltinExchangeType type
            /**
             * 参数明细* 1、交换机名称
             * 2、交换机类型，fanout、topic、direct、headers
             */
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
            //声明队列
            /**
             * 参数明细：
             * 1、队列名称
             * 2、是否持久化
             * 3、是否独占此队列
             * 4、队列不用是否自动删除
             * 5、参数
             */
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS, true, false, false, null);
            //发送邮件消息
            for (int i=0;i<10;i++){
                String message = "email inform to user"+i;
                //向交换机发送消息 String exchange, String routingKey, BasicProperties props,byte[] body
                /**
                 * 参数明细
                 * 1、交换机名称，不指令使用默认交换机名称 Default Exchange
                 * 2、routingKey（路由key），根据key名称将消息转发到具体的队列，这里填写队列名称表示消
息将发到此队列
                 * 3、消息属性
                 * 4、消息内容
                 */
                channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, "inform.email", null,message.getBytes());
                System.out.println("Send Message is:'" + message + "'");
            }
            //发送短信消息
            for (int i=0;i<10;i++){
                String message = "sms inform to user"+i;
                channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, "inform.sms", null,message.getBytes());
                System.out.println("Send Message is:'" + message + "'");
            }
            //发送短信和邮件消息
            for (int i=0;i<10;i++){
                String message = "sms and email inform to user"+i;
                channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, "inform.sms.email", null,message.getBytes());
                System.out.println("Send Message is:'" + message + "'");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
        if(channel!=null){
                try {
                    channel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (TimeoutException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(connection!=null){
                try {
                    connection.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2、消费端

队列绑定交换机指定通配符：

统配符规则：

中间以“.”分隔。

符号#可以匹配多个词，符号*可以匹配一个词语。

//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, true, false, false, null);
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS, true, false, false, null);
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
//绑定email通知队列
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL,EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM,"inform.#.email.#");
//绑定sms通知队列
 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS,EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM,"inform.#.sms.#");

3.4.3.测试

使用生产者发送若干条消息，交换机根据routingkey统配符匹配并转发消息到指定的队列。

3.4.4.思考

本案例的需求使用Routing工作模式能否实现？

使用Routing模式也可以实现本案例，共设置三个 routingkey，分别是email、sms、all，email队列绑定email和

all，sms队列绑定sms和all，这样就可以实现上边案例的功能，实现过程比topics复杂。

Topic模式更多加强大，它可以实现Routing、publish/subscirbe模式的功能。

3.5.Header 模式

header模式与routing不同的地方在于，header模式取消routingkey，使用header中的 key/value（键值对）匹配队列。

案例：

根据用户的通知设置去通知用户，设置接收Email的用户只接收Email，设置接收sms的用户只接收sms，设置两种通知类型都接收的则两种通知都有效。

代码：

1）生产者

队列与交换机绑定的代码与之前不同，如下：

Map<String, Object> headers_email = new Hashtable<String, Object>();
headers_email.put("inform_type", "email");
Map<String, Object> headers_sms = new Hashtable<String, Object>();
headers_sms.put("inform_type", "sms");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL,EXCHANGE_HEADERS_INFORM,"",headers_email);
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS,EXCHANGE_HEADERS_INFORM,"",headers_sms);

通知:

String message = "email inform to user"+i;
Map<String,Object> headers =  new Hashtable<String, Object>();
headers.put("inform_type", "email");//匹配email通知消费者绑定的header
//headers.put("inform_type", "sms");//匹配sms通知消费者绑定的header
AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder();
properties.headers(headers);
//Email通知
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_HEADERS_INFORM, "", properties.build(), message.getBytes());

2）发送邮件消费者

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_HEADERS_INFORM, BuiltinExchangeType.HEADERS);
Map<String, Object> headers_email = new Hashtable<String, Object>();
headers_email.put("inform_email", "email");
//交换机和队列绑定
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL,EXCHANGE_HEADERS_INFORM,"",headers_email);
//指定消费队列
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, true, consumer);

3)测试

3.6.RPC

RPC即客户端远程调用服务端的方法，使用MQ可以实现RPC的异步调用，基于Direct交换机实现，流程如下：

1、客户端即是生产者就是消费者，向RPC请求队列发送RPC调用消息，同时监听RPC响应队列。

2、服务端监听RPC请求队列的消息，收到消息后执行服务端的方法，得到方法返回的结果

3、服务端将RPC方法的结果发送到RPC响应队列

4、客户端（RPC调用方）监听RPC响应队列，接收到RPC调用结果。

4.Spring 整合RibbitMQ

4.1.搭建SpringBoot环境

我们选择基于Spring-Rabbit去操作RabbitMQ

https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-amqp

使用 spring-boot-starter-amqp会自动添加spring-rabbit依赖，如下：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐logging</artifactId>
</dependency>

4.2.配置

1、配置application.yml

配置连接rabbitmq的参数

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: test‐rabbitmq‐producer
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
    virtualHost: /

2、定义RabbitConfig类，配置Exchange、Queue、及绑定交换机。

本例配置Topic交换机。

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class RabbitmqConfig {
    public static final String QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL = "queue_inform_email";
    public static final String QUEUE_INFORM_SMS = "queue_inform_sms";
    public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM="exchange_topics_inform";
    /**
     * 交换机配置
     * ExchangeBuilder提供了fanout、direct、topic、header交换机类型的配置
     * @return the exchange
     */
    @Bean(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM)
    public Exchange EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM() {
      //durable(true)持久化，消息队列重启后交换机仍然存在   
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM).durable(true).build();
    }
    //声明队列
    @Bean(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS)
    public Queue QUEUE_INFORM_SMS() {
        Queue queue = new Queue(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS);
        return queue;
    }
    //声明队列
    @Bean(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL)
    public Queue QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL() {
        Queue queue = new Queue(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL);
        return queue;
    }
    /** channel.queueBind(INFORM_QUEUE_SMS,"inform_exchange_topic","inform.#.sms.#");
     * 绑定队列到交换机 .
     *
     * @param queue    the queue
     * @param exchange the exchange
     * @return the binding
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding BINDING_QUEUE_INFORM_SMS(@Qualifier(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS) Queue queue,
  @Qualifier(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM) Exchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("inform.#.sms.#").noargs();
    }
    @Bean
    public Binding BINDING_QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL(@Qualifier(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL) Queue queue,
  @Qualifier(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM) Exchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("inform.#.email.#").noargs();
    }
}

4.3.生产端

使用RarbbitTemplate发送消息

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class Producer05_topics_springboot {
   @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    @Test
    public void testSendByTopics(){
        for (int i=0;i<5;i++){
            String message = "sms email inform to user"+i;
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitmqConfig.EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM,"inform.sms.email",message);
            System.out.println("Send Message is:'" + message + "'");
        }
    }
}

4.4.消费端

创建消费端工程，添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐logging</artifactId>
</dependency>

使用@RabbitListener注解监听队列。

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.xuecheng.test.rabbitmq.config.RabbitmqConfig;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class ReceiveHandler {
    //监听email队列
    @RabbitListener(queues = {RabbitmqConfig.QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL})
    public void receive_email(String msg,Message message,Channel channel){
        System.out.println(msg);
    }
    //监听sms队列
    @RabbitListener(queues = {RabbitmqConfig.QUEUE_INFORM_SMS})
    public void receive_sms(String msg,Message message,Channel channel){
        System.out.println(msg);
    }
}