既然FutureTask也是一个Runnable，那就看看它的run方法：
public void run() { if (state != NEW || !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset, null, Thread.currentThread())) return; try { Callable<V> c = callable; // 这里的callable是从构造方法里面传人的 if (c != null && state == NEW) { V result; boolean ran; try { result = c.call(); ran = true; } catch (Throwable ex) { result = null; ran = false; setException(ex); // 保存call方法抛出的异常 } if (ran) set(result); // 保存call方法的执行结果 } } finally { // runner must be non-null until state is settled to // prevent concurrent calls to run() runner = null; // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent // leaked interrupts int s = state; if (s >= INTERRUPTING) handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s); } }
先看try语句块里面的逻辑，发现run方法的主要逻辑就是运行Callable的call方法，然后将保存结果或者异常（用的一个属性result）。这里比较难想到的是，将call方法抛出的异常也保存起来了。
这里表示状态的属性state是个什么鬼：
* Possible state transitions: * NEW -> COMPLETING -> NORMAL * NEW -> COMPLETING -> EXCEPTIONAL * NEW -> CANCELLED * NEW -> INTERRUPTING -> INTERRUPTED */ private volatile int state; private static final int NEW = 0; private static final int COMPLETING = 1; private static final int NORMAL = 2; private static final int EXCEPTIONAL = 3; private static final int CANCELLED = 4; private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5; private static final int INTERRUPTED = 6;
把FutureTask看作一个Future，那么它的作用就是控制Callable的call方法的执行过程，在执行的过程中自然会有状态的转换：
1）一个FutureTask新建出来，state就是NEW状态；COMPETING和INTERRUPTING用的进行时，表示瞬时状态，存在时间极短(为什么要设立这种状态？？？不解)；NORMAL代表顺利完成；EXCEPTIONAL代表执行过程出现异常；CANCELED代表执行过程被取消；INTERRUPTED被中断
2）执行过程顺利完成：NEW -> COMPLETING -> NORMAL
3）执行过程出现异常：NEW -> COMPLETING -> EXCEPTIONAL
4）执行过程被取消：NEW -> CANCELLED
5）执行过程中，线程中断：NEW -> INTERRUPTING -> INTERRUPTED
代码中状态判断、CAS操作等细节，请读者自己阅读。
再看看get方法的实现：
public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { int s = state; if (s <= COMPLETING) s = awaitDone(false, 0L); return report(s); } private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos) throws InterruptedException { final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L; WaitNode q = null; boolean queued = false; for (;;) { if (Thread.interrupted()) { removeWaiter(q); throw new InterruptedException(); } int s = state; if (s > COMPLETING) { if (q != null) q.thread = null; return s; } else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet Thread.yield(); else if (q == null) q = new WaitNode(); else if (!queued) queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q.next = waiters, q); else if (timed) { nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime(); if (nanos <= 0L) { removeWaiter(q); return state; } LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos); } else LockSupport.park(this); } }
get方法的逻辑很简单，如果call方法的执行过程已完成，就把结果给出去；如果未完成，就将当前线程挂起等待。awaitDone方法里面死循环的逻辑，推演几遍就能弄懂；它里面挂起线程的主要创新是定义了WaitNode类，来将多个等待线程组织成队列，这是与JDK6的实现最大的不同。
挂起的线程何时被唤醒：
private void finishCompletion() { // assert state > COMPLETING; for (WaitNode q; (q = waiters) != null;) { if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q, null)) { for (;;) { Thread t = q.thread; if (t != null) { q.thread = null; LockSupport.unpark(t); // 唤醒线程 } WaitNode next = q.next; if (next == null) break; q.next = null; // unlink to help gc q = next; } break; } } done(); callable = null; // to reduce footprint }
以上就是JDK8的大体实现逻辑，像cancel、set等方法，也请读者自己阅读。
再来看看JDK6的实现。
JDK6的FutureTask的基本操作都是通过自己的内部类Sync来实现的，而Sync继承自AbstractQueuedSynchronizer这个出镜率极高的并发工具类
/** State value representing that task is running */ private static final int RUNNING = 1; /** State value representing that task ran */ private static final int RAN = 2; /** State value representing that task was cancelled */ private static final int CANCELLED = 4; /** The underlying callable */ private final Callable<V> callable; /** The result to return from get() */ private V result; /** The exception to throw from get() */ private Throwable exception;
里面的状态只有基本的几个，而且计算结果和异常是分开保存的。
V innerGet() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { acquireSharedInterruptibly(0); if (getState() == CANCELLED) throw new CancellationException(); if (exception != null) throw new ExecutionException(exception); return result; }
这个get方法里面处理等待线程队列的方式是调用了acquireSharedInterruptibly方法，其中的等待线程队列、线程挂起和唤醒等逻辑，这里不再赘述。
最后
Futrue模式的变成思想非常的好，并且随着分布式、微服务、云计算等领域的兴起，该思想会越来越流行的，所以希望读者能够在日常开发中使用起来，提高程序的运行效率，从而提高并发。
