检查是否安装tcl,expect
如果没有安装,使用yum安装:
yum install -y tcl
yum install -y expect
expect参数
启用选项
-
-c
:执行脚本前先执行的命令,可多次使用。 -
-d
:debug模式,可以在运行时输出一些诊断信息,与在脚本开始处使用exp_internal 1
相似。 -
-D
:启用交换调式器,可设一整数参数。 -
-f
:从文件读取命令,仅用于使用#!时。如果文件名为"-",则从stdin读取(使用"./-"从文件名为-的文件读取)。 -
-i
:交互式输入命令,使用"exit"或"EOF"退出输入状态。 -
--
:标示选项结束(如果你需要传递与expect选项相似的参数给脚本时),可放到#!
行:#!/usr/bin/expect --
。 -
-v
:显示expect版本信息。
expect的4个命令
Expect中最关键的四个命令是send,expect,spawn,interact。
命令 | 说明 |
---|---|
send | 用于向进程发送字符串 |
expect | 从进程接收字符串 |
spawn | 启动新的进程 |
interact | 允许用户交互 |
常用命令
`# 命令行参数`
`# $argv,参数数组,使用[lindex $argv n]获取,$argv 0为脚本名字`
`# $argc,参数个数`
`set` `username [lindex $argv 1]` `# 获取第1个参数`
`set` `passwd` `[lindex $argv 2]` `# 获取第2个参数`
`set` `timeout 30` `# 设置超时`
`# spawn是expect内部命令,开启ssh连接`
`spawn` `ssh` `-l username 192.168.1.1`
`# 判断上次输出结果里是否包含“password:”的字符串,如果有则立即返回,否则就等待一段时间(timeout)后返回`
`expect` `"password:"`
`# 发送内容ispass(密码、命令等)`
`send` `"ispass\r"`
`# 发送内容给用户`
`send_user` `"$argv0 [lrange $argv 0 2]\n"`
`send_user` `"It's OK\r"`
`# 执行完成后保持交互状态,控制权交给控制台(手工操作)。否则会完成后会退出。`
`interact`
命令介绍
- close:关闭当前进程的连接。
- debug:控制调试器。
-
disconnect:断开进程连接(进程仍在后台运行)。
- 定时读取密码、执行priv_prog
`send_user` `"password?\ "`
`expect_user -re` `"(.*)\n"`
`for` `{} 1 {} {`
`if` `{[fork]!=0} {``sleep` `3600;``continue``}`
`disconnect`
`spawn priv_prog`
`expect Password:`
`send` `"$expect_out(1,string)\r"`
`. . .`
`exit`
`}`
- exit:退出expect。
- exp_continue [-continue_timer]:继续执行下面的匹配。
- exp_internal [-f file] value:
expect范例
1.远程登录并创建文件后退出
#!/usr/bin/expect ##注意路径,使用 [whereis expect] 查看
set user "hadoop" ##设定参数,注意",'的区别
set pwd "yangkun"
set host "48.93.36.144"
set timeout -1 ##;号可有可无
spawn ssh -p 2020 $user@$host
expect { ##expect后有空格
"*yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue}
"*password:" {send "$pwd\r"}
}
expect "]*" ## 通配符,使用 ]* 有效, 使用 *# 无效
send "touch /home/hadoop/aa.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo hello world >> /home/hadoop/aa.txt\r"
expect "]*"
[interact] ##人为交互
send "exit\r" ##退出
2.配置免密登录并安装JDK
#!/bin/bash
#!/usr/bin/expect
SERVERS="114.114.114.114" ##数组以空格分隔,可以为目标ip 或者hostName
PASSWORD="yangkun"
## 实现免密登录配置的函数
auto_ssh_copy_id() {
expect -c "set timeout -1;
spawn ssh-copy-id \"-p 2020 $1\"; ## 这里要注意,使用'或\'不可行
expect {
*(yes/no)* {send -- yes\r;exp_continue;}
*password:* {send -- $2\r;exp_continue;}
eof {exit 0;}
}";
}
## 循环执行,配置主机到从节点所有免密
ssh_copy_id_to_all() {
for SERVER in $SERVERS ## 取值需要加$
do
auto_ssh_copy_id $SERVER $PASSWORD
done
}
## 调用循环配置函数
ssh_copy_id_to_all
## 批量部署
for SERVER in $SERVERS
do
scp install.sh root@$SERVER:/root
ssh root@$SERVER /root/install.sh
done
- 读取文件中的host配置
让脚本自动读取slaves文件中的机器名来批量安装
cat slaves | while read host
do
echo $host
expect -c "set timeout -f
spawn ssh-copy-id $host"
done
3.批量配置JDK,install.sh
#!/bin/bash
BASE_SERVER=master
BASE_PATH=/home/hadoop/soft
TARGET_PATH=/usr/local
JAVA_PATH=$TARGET_PATH/java
## 1.判断是否存在文件夹,不存在则创建soft文件夹
#if [ ! -d "$BASE_PATH" ]; then
# mkdir "$BASE_PATH"
#fi
## 2.从指定host拷贝jdk到目标机器上(已经拷贝文件夹)
scp -r $BASE_SERVER:$BASE_PATH $BASE_PATH
## 2.解压jdk到指定目录
if [ ! -d "$JAVA_PATH" ]; then
sudo -S mkdir -p "$JAVA_PATH"
fi
## 赋予权限
sudo -S chmod -R hadoop:hadoop $JAVA_PATH
tar -zxvf $BASE_PATH/jdk1.8.0_121.tar.gz -C $JAVA_PATH
#### 3.配置环境变量
sudo -S cat>>/etc/profile<<EOF
export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_PATH/jdk1.8.0_121
export PATH=\$PATH:\$JAVA_HOME/bin
EOF
- 自动telnet会话
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
set userid [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2个参数,作为userid
set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
set mycommand [lindex $argv 3 ] # 接收第4个参数,作为命令
set timeout 10 # 设置超时时间
# 向远程服务器请求打开一个telnet会话,并等待服务器询问用户名
spawn telnet $ip
expect "username:"
# 输入用户名,并等待服务器询问密码
send "$userid\r"
expect "password:"
# 输入密码,并等待键入需要运行的命令
send "$mypassword\r"
expect "%"
# 输入预先定好的密码,等待运行结果
send "$mycommand\r"
expect "%"
# 将运行结果存入到变量中,显示出来或者写到磁盘中
set results $expect_out(buffer)
# 退出telnet会话,等待服务器的退出提示EOF
send "exit\r"
expect eof
4.自动建立FTP会话
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
set userid [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2个参数,作为Userid
set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
set timeout 10 # 设置超时时间
# 向远程服务器请求打开一个FTP会话,并等待服务器询问用户名
spawn ftp $ip
expect "username:"
# 输入用户名,并等待服务器询问密码
send "$userid\r"
expect "password:"
# 输入密码,并等待FTP提示符的出现
send "$mypassword\r"
expect "ftp>"
# 切换到二进制模式,并等待FTP提示符的出现
send "bin\r"
expect "ftp>"
# 关闭ftp的提示符
send "prompt\r"
expect "ftp>"
# 下载所有文件
send "mget *\r"
expect "ftp>"
# 退出此次ftp会话,并等待服务器的退出提示EOF
send "bye\r"
expect eof
- 自动登录ssh执行命令
#!/usr/bin/expect
set IP [lindex $argv 0]
set USER [lindex $argv 1]
set PASSWD [lindex $argv 2]
set CMD [lindex $argv 3]
spawn ssh $USER@$IP $CMD
expect {
"(yes/no)?" {
send "yes\r"
expect "password:"
send "$PASSWD\r"
}
"password:" {send "$PASSWD\r"}
"* to host" {exit 1}
}
expect eof
5.自动登录ssh
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
set username [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2个参数,作为username
set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
set timeout 10 # 设置超时时间
spawn ssh $username@$ip # 发送ssh请求
expect { # 返回信息匹配
"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue} # 第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续
"*password:" { send "$mypassword\r" } # 出现密码提示,发送密码
}
interact # 交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面
6.批量登录ssh服务器执行操作范例,设定增量的for循环
#!/usr/bin/expect
for {set i 10} {$i <= 12} {incr i} {
set timeout 30
set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user abc$i.com
expect_before "no)?" {
send "yes\r" }
sleep 1
expect "password*"
send "hello\r"
expect "*#"
send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"
expect "*#"
send "echo\r"
}
exit
7.批量登录ssh并执行命令,foreach语法
#!/usr/bin/expect
if {$argc!=2} {
send_user "usage: ./expect ssh_user password\n"
exit
}
foreach i {11 12} {
set timeout 30
set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
set password [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user root@xxx.yy.com
expect_before "no)?" {
send "yes\r" }
sleep 1
expect "Enter passphrase for key*"
send "password\r"
expect "*#"
send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"
expect "*#"
send "echo\r"
}
exit
8.另一自动ssh范例,从命令行获取服务器IP,foreach语法,expect嵌套
#!/usr/bin/expect
# 使用方法: script_name ip1 ip2 ip3 ...
set timeout 20
if {$argc < 1} {
puts "Usage: script IPs"
exit 1
}
# 替换你自己的用户名
set user "username"
#替换你自己的登录密码
set password "yourpassword"
foreach IP $argv {
spawn ssh $user@$IP
expect \
"(yes/no)?" {
send "yes\r"
expect "password:?" {
send "$password\r"
}
} "password:?" {
send "$password\r"
}
expect "\$?"
# 替换你要执行的命令
send "last\r"
expect "\$?"
sleep 10
send "exit\r"
expect eof
}
9.批量ssh执行命令,用shell调用tclsh方式、多进程同时执行
* tclsh - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter
#!/bin/sh
# -*- tcl -*- \
exec tclsh $0 "$@"
package require Expect
set username [lindex $argv 0]
set password [lindex $argv 1]
set argv [lrange $argv 2 end]
set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $"
foreach ip $argv {
spawn ssh -t $username@$ip sh
lappend ids $spawn_id
}
expect_before -i ids eof {
set index [lsearch $ids $expect_out(spawn_id)]
set ids [lreplace $ids $index $index]
if [llength $ids] exp_continue
}
expect -i ids "(yes/no)\\?" {
send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) yes\r
exp_continue
} -i ids "Enter passphrase for key" {
send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) \r
exp_continue
} -i ids "assword:" {
send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) $password\r
exp_continue
} -i ids -re $prompt {
set spawn_id $expect_out(spawn_id)
send "echo hello; exit\r"
exp_continue
} timeout {
exit 1
}
10.ssh登录过程常规提示文字
The authenticity of host '192.168.17.35 (192.168.17.35)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 25:e8:4c:89:a3:b2:06:ee:de:66:c7:7e:1b:fa:1c:c5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.35' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Enter passphrase for key '/data/key/my_dsa':
Last login: Sun Jan 26 13:39:37 2014 from 192.168.11.143
[root@master003 ~]#
root@192.168.16.90's password:
Last login: Thu Jan 23 17:50:43 2014 from 192.168.11.102
[root@lvsmaster ~]#
11.ssh自动登录expect脚本:ssh.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
# Auther:YuanXing
# Update:2014-02-08
if {$argc < 4} {
send_user "Usage:\n $argv0 IPaddr User Passwd Port Passphrase\n"
puts stderr "argv error!\n"
sleep 1
exit 1
}
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]
set user [lindex $argv 1 ]
set passwd [lindex $argv 2 ]
set port [lindex $argv 3 ]
set passphrase [lindex $argv 4 ]
set timeout 6
if {$port == ""} {
set port 22
}
#send_user "IP:$ip,User:$user,Passwd:$passwd,Port:$port,Passphrase:$passphrase"
spawn ssh -p $port $user@$ip
expect_before "(yes/no)\\?" {
send "yes\r"}
expect \
"Enter passphrase for key*" {
send "$passphrase\r"
exp_continue
} " password:?" {
send "$passwd\r"
exp_continue
} "*\[#\\\$]" {
interact
} "* to host" {
send_user "Connect faild!"
exit 2
} timeout {
send_user "Connect timeout!"
exit 2
} eof {
send_user "Lost connect!"
exit
}
12.Mikrotik backup script using ssh and expect
#!/bin/bash
# TAG: mikrotik, ssh, expect, lftp
BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups"
HOSTNAME="192.168.88.1"
PORT="22"
USER="admin"
PASS="123456"
TMP=$(mktemp)
TODAY=$(date +%F)
FILENAME="$HOSTNAME-$TODAY"
PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"
# create expect script
cat > $TMP << EOF
#exp_internal 1 # Uncomment for debug
set timeout -1
spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$HOSTNAME
match_max 100000
expect -exact "password:"
send -- "$PASS\r"
sleep 1
expect " > "
send -- "/export file=$FILENAME\r"
expect " > "
send -- "/system backup save name=$FILENAME\r"
expect " > "
send -- "quit\r"
expect eof
EOF
# run expect script
#cat $TMP # Uncomment for debug
expect -f $TMP
# remove expect script
rm $TMP
# download and remove backup files
# "xfer:clobber on" means overwrite existing files
cd ${BACKUP_DIR}
echo "
set xfer:clobber on
get ${FILENAME}.rsc
rm ${FILENAME}.rsc
get ${FILENAME}.backup
rm ${FILENAME}.backup" |
lftp -u $USER,$PASS $HOSTNAME